基于PSO-BP神经网络的基坑周边地面沉降预测方法研究

基坑工程施工过程中的周边地面沉降直接关系到周围建筑物的安全,本文根据上海前滩地区某基坑工程的历史监测数据、施工工况和周边地层参数等多源数据对基坑周边地面沉降进行监测和预测。以PSO-BP神经网络为基础,通过将基于时序和基于沉降影响因素的网络模型对比发现：二者预测结果误差较小且基于时序的神经网络预测精度更高,说明利用PSO-BP神经网络能够很好地对基坑周边地面沉降进行分析与预测。为了综合考虑时间效应和空间效应的影响,在基于沉降影响因素的预测模型的基础上加入历史监测数据作为模型输入层进行优化,结果表明：优化后的PSO-BP神经网络模型具有更小的相对误差范围和更高的预测精度,在基坑周边地面沉降预测中有很好的应用前景。     

黄土路基客运专线沉降监测技术研究

客运专线路基作为轨道结构的基础,其沉降监测及工后沉降预测非常关键。必须对沉降观测资料进行分析以预测工后沉降、确定无碴轨道铺设时间。本文以西宝客运专线为例对黄土路基工程沉降监测工作进行了论述。     

基于BP神经网络的矿区地表沉降预测研究

BP神经网络具有非常强的非线性映射能力,广泛应用于分类识别、逼近、回归、压缩等领域。本文基于BP神经网络的理论基础,利用某矿区地表沉降观测点1~10期的实测沉降数据资料,结合MATLAB建立针对矿区地表沉降的预测模型,并预测其11~15期的沉降情况。通过将预测值与实测值进行对比,分析预测模型精度,结果表明BP神经网络用于矿区地表的沉降研究是可行的。     

一种利用格网叠置分析的居民地形状匹配方法

形状是居民地要素最基本的几何特征之一,也是居民地匹配的重要依据。针对现有居民地形状度量方法无法度量非1∶1对应情况形状相似性的问题,首先对待度量居民地实体(群)组合进行方向、位置、大小一致化处理;然后借鉴规则格网索引的思想,对组合建立适合的规则格网并赋予网眼不同的重要性系数;再分析待度量实体(群)内部、边界之间在格网中叠置情况差异性,将其作为两实体(群)的形状差异性,最终获得形状相似性值。将形状相似性与空间位置、面积的相似性通过加权平均获得综合相似性值,作为居民地匹配的依据。利用该形状匹配方法对居民地实体进行匹配实验表明,文中所提方法能够有效进行居民地实体的匹配。     

Analysis of permanent deformations of railway embankments under repeated vehicle loadings in permafrost regions

By large-scale dynamic tests carried out on a traditional sand-gravel embankment at the Beilu River section along the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad, we collected the acceleration waveforms close to the railway tracks when trains passed. The dynamic train loading was converted into an equivalent creep stress, using an equivalent static force method. Also, the creep equation of frozen soil was introduced according to the results of frozen soil rheological triaxial tests. A coupled creep model based on a time-hardening power function rule and the Druker-Prager yield and failure criterion was established to analyze the creep effects of a plain fill embankment under repeated train loads. The temperature field of the embankment in the permafrost area was set at the current geothermal conditions. As a result, the permanent deformation of the embankment under train loading was obtained, and the permanent deformation under the train loads to the total embankment deformation was also analyzed.     

Impact of solid second phases on deformation mechanisms of naturally deformed salt rocks (Kuh-e-Namak,Dashti, Iran) and rheological stratification of the Hormuz Salt Formation

Viscosity contrasts displayed in flow structures of a mountain namakier (Kuh-e-Namak - Dashti), between ‘weak’ second phase bearing rock salt and ‘strong’ pure rock salt types are studied for deformation mechanisms using detailed quantitative microstructural study. While the solid inclusions rich (“dirty”) rock salts contain disaggregated siltstone and dolomite interlayers, “clean” salts reveal microscopic hematite and remnants of abundant fluid inclusions in non-recrystallized cores of porphyroclasts. Although the flow in both, the recrystallized “dirty” and “clean” salt types is accommodated by combined mechanisms of pressure-solution creep (PS), grain boundary sliding (GBS), transgranular microcracking and dislocation creep accommodated grain boundary migration (GBM), their viscosity contrasts observed in the field outcrops are explained by: 1) enhanced ductility of “dirty” salts due to increased diffusion rates along the solid inclusion-halite contacts than along halite–halite contacts, and 2) slow rates of intergranular diffusion due to dissolved iron and inhibited dislocation creep due to hematite inclusions for “clean” salt types Rheological contrasts inferred by microstructural analysis between both salt rock classes apply in general for the “dirty” salt forming Lower Hormuz and the “clean” salt forming the Upper Hormuz of the Hormuz Formation and imply strain rate gradients or decoupling along horizons of mobilized salt types of different composition and microstructure.     

基于D-InSAR的开采沉陷监测技术

分析了目前矿山地面沉降监测中存在的问题,研究了利用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术进行矿山开采沉陷监测的数据处理流程与误差来源,丰富发展了矿山开采沉陷监测技术。     

山区公路拓宽中新旧路基病害机理分析及防治

在公路拓宽过程中,由于沉降、变形累积和稳定性的差异,在新旧路基之间产生差异沉降,进而会引起原有路基变形,新路基失稳,甚至出现路基拉裂和下沉坍塌病害。以某山区拓宽公路中一段病害路基为例,在调查其病害特征的基础上,分析其形成机理,提出防治方法。     

Microstructural evolution during strain localization in dolomite aggregates

Dolomite aggregates deformed by dislocation creep over a wide range of conditions (T = 700–1000 °C, effective pressure of 900 MPa, strain rates of 10⁻⁷ – 10⁻⁴/s) strain weaken by up to 75% of the peak differential stress. Microstructural study of samples shortened to different finite strains beyond the peak differential stress shows that strain becomes highly localized within shear zones by high-temperature creep processes, with no contribution of brittle cracking. At low strains (8%), dolomite deforms homogeneously by recrystallization-accommodated dislocation creep. At progressively higher sample strains, deformation is localized into narrow shear zones made up of very fine (∼3 μm) recrystallized grains and relict porphyroclasts (20–100 μm). Finely-recrystallized dolomite grains in the shear zones are largely dislocation free and localized shear is facilitated by diffusion creep. In contrast, original dolomite grains and porphyroclasts in shear zones have high dislocation densities and do not deform after shear zone formation. Calculated strain rates in the shear zones are two to three orders of magnitude faster than the imposed bulk strain rate of the samples and these strain rates are consistent with predictions of the diffusion creep flow law for fine-grained dolomite.     

城市住房负担对上海流动人口居留意愿的影响

居留意愿被认为是影响流动人口居留决策的重要因素,而大城市不断增加的住房负担,日益成为制约流动人口居留意愿和行为的关键因素。鉴于既有研究中关于住房负担对流动人口居留意愿影响及其群体差异性考虑的不足,论文以上海为例,基于2012年和2017年流动人口动态监测调查问卷数据,采用二元Logistic回归模型,分析流动人口居留意愿的影响因素及其变化,并探讨住房负担对流动人口居留意愿与决策行为的影响。研究发现：① 房租收入比增加对于流动人口的居留意愿具有明显抑制作用,特别是低教育程度和低技术职业群体更加敏感;② 房价/房租的快速增长加重流动人口的住房负担,增加其实际居留难度,流动人口“想留不能留”将可能迫使其产生居留意愿的改变;③ 城市住房负担持续增加率先对较低劳动技能群体产生“驱离”效应,而压力进一步加剧则将导致更多流动人口迁出或被迫降低生活质量。建议城市政府为流动人口尽量提供更具包容性、可支付和多元化的住房。