Thermal effects in partially saturated soils: a constitutive model

The present paper is centred on the assessment of an elastic–plastic model for partially saturated soils, earlier proposed by the authors, for its predictive capability with respect to temperature changes, on the light of available experimental results. The model is cast within a constitutive framework that uses Bishop's stress and suction as main variables governing the volumetric response of the material. Some enhancement to the original temperature‐independent formulation is proposed. In particular, functions describing the yield surface and the compressibility modulus are modified to account for the shrinking of the elastic domain and for the increase of irreversible volumetric strain with heating. Some examples illustrate the main features of the present proposal. Comparison with some experimental results is also included. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Research on pile performance and state-of-the-art practice in cold regions

A pile foundation is commonly adopted in geotechnical engineering to support structures, and its application has been extended to cold-regions engineering. In past decades, a host of scholars investigated pile behaviors and proposed design guidelines for seasonally frozen ground or permafrost. This paper reviews the research with respect to pile performance and engineering practice in cold regions, organized as follows: (1) creep tests and bearing capacity, (2) frost-jacking hazards, (3) laterally loaded piles, (4) dynamic responses, (5) refreezing due to concrete-hydration heat, and (6) improved countermeasures and design methods. We first summarize previous research and recent progress; then, predict the development trend of pile foundations in cold regions and recommend further research.     

岩体结构面蠕变损伤机理研究

通过对伯格斯模型和西原模型的分析比较,选取西原模型研究岩体结构面的蠕变损伤特性。在0s情况下,由西原模型推出剪切模量的表达式,以剪切模量为变量定义损伤变量,得到结构面的损伤变量表达式。并以泥岩剪切试验为例,计算了相同正压力作用下的结构面剪切模量和损伤量。结果表明:当0s时,剪切模量、损伤量均随时间趋于稳定,且结构面蠕变的前两个阶段损伤量较小,而当0s时,一段时间后,其损伤量开始突变;剪应力越大,其初始剪切模量越大,随时间降低越快,达到稳定蠕变阶段时降低量也相应越大;剪应力越大,结构面损伤量随时间增长越快,在达到稳定蠕变阶段时,损伤量也越大。     

镍锗尖晶石位错域的高温蠕变实验研究

利用人工合成的多晶材料研究了镍锗尖晶石在位错域的高温蠕变性质.多晶材料的颗粒尺寸约8μm.单轴压缩试件为圆柱状,使用气体介质围压筒.常压蠕变试验过程中,围压为300MPa,温度为1373—1523K,应力在55—330MPa范围内.从实验结果得出了镍锗尖晶石在位错域的流动律,应力指数n=29±01,表明流动的微观机制为位错蠕变.与其他尖晶石进行对比可以发现一个力学同构群,虽然在正尖晶石和反尖晶石之间存在一定的差异.在位错蠕变域,尖晶石与橄榄石归一化的强度类似.由于尖晶石的剪切模量比橄榄石高50%,其实际强度也比橄榄石高.将橄榄石和尖晶石的蠕变数据外推到地球内部条件时,由于其高应力指数,橄榄石则有可能比尖晶石的强度高.     

土工合成材料的蠕变折减系数

比较了获得拉伸蠕变破坏荷载-时间曲线以及蠕变应变-时间曲线的试验方法,给出了外推这两种蠕变曲线数据的处理步骤。用其他研究者和笔者的试验成果说明怎样根据设计使用年限的长期蠕变强度或容许应变,来确定蠕变折减系数,并简要介绍了时温叠加法获得历时更长的蠕变曲线的概念。     

用高温高压岩石蠕变实验解释岩石圈流变时存在的若干问题的讨论

由于实验条件和实际地质条件的差别,在实验温压条件下得出的变形机制。流动律和微观组构不等同于岩石圈相同温压条件下的变形机制、流动律和微观组构。因此,用高温高压蠕变实验结果直接外推解释岩石圈流变时存在若干问题。只有把实验条件、变形机制、微观组构作为一个有机的整体。去理解和认识岩石圈流变特性,才不至于产生太大的偏差。     

An experimental study of soil memory and preconsolidation adjacent to an active tectonic structure: the Meers fault, Oklahoma, USA

Special consolidation tests were run on undisturbed samples to study the ability of Quaternary soils adjacent to the Meers fault in southwestern Oklahoma to record and remember the maximum effective (preconsolidation) stresses they experienced during the faulting process. The results show that the soils record >60% of the applied total stresses as preconsolidation stresses in 2 s of loading time, indicating that these stresses could have been recorded during an earthquake faulting event. To record all of the applied total stresses as preconsolidation stresses (100% recording or memory), the loading needs to last at least 4–5 min.     

不同排水条件下软土蠕变特性与微观孔隙变化

对东莞软土进行了固结排水与固结不排水三轴蠕变试验、原状样与蠕变后试样水平测面微结构的扫描电镜试验,分析了不同排水条件的软土蠕变特性与微观孔隙变化规律。结果表明,不同排水条件对试样应变-时间、应变-偏应力关系产生较大影响,土样在不排水条件下屈服破坏,蠕变变形明显;在排水条件下则未有明显屈服,排水过程中的固结效应使其蠕变非线性弱化。蠕变后土样可见大孔隙减少、小孔隙数量增加、形状趋向圆状发展、定向性略有增加,不同排水条件下微观孔隙变化是土体蠕变表现差异的微观内因,孔隙特征的渐变过程揭示了软土蠕变变形的微观机制。     

考虑蠕变性土工格栅加筋挡土墙应力与变形有限元分析

土工格栅加筋挡土墙在岩上加固工程中得到了广泛应用。采用粘弹塑性流变模型考虑地基和填士的流变性，采用作者所建议的绎验型粘弹性本构模型考虑土工格栅的蠕变性，对于土工格栅加筋挡土墒发展了非线性有限元数值分析方法，通过变动参数的对比计算与分析探讨了逐层填筑过程、加筋长度及间距布置方式等因素对土工格栅加筋挡土墙长期变形与应力特性的影响。计算与分析表明：填筑过程对面板侧向变形、格栅拉力与应变及地基中水平位移与竖向沉降具有较大的影响；加筋使墙后填土应力重新分布；面板位移、格栅拉力及应变在经历一段时间后趋于稳定状态。