隧道洞口浅埋偏压段两种围岩注浆措施的抗震效果分析

为进一步提高隧道洞口浅埋偏压段的震时安全性,依托某铁路隧道洞口段工程,利用有限差分数值计算软件对两种围岩注浆抗震措施的抗震效果进行了研究,对比分析了围岩采用接触注浆与间隔注浆两种抗震措施对隧道衬砌结构位移以及内力的影响。研究结果表明：围岩采用接触注浆抗震措施后,二衬结构横向及纵向位移分别减小了86.7%、38.1%,轴力及弯矩平均减小了45.12%、64.20%,最小安全系数平均提高了61.36%;围岩采用间隔注浆抗震措施后,二衬结构横向及纵向位移分别减小了49.3%、23.8%,轴力及弯矩平均减小了39.42%、44.90%,最小安全系数平均提高了43.11%;围岩采用接触注浆抗震措施的抗震效果优于间隔注浆抗震措施。研究成果可为隧道洞口段抗震技术的发展提供参考。     

浅谈在1∶5万区域地质调查中有关层序地层野外调查的若干问题

针对在１∶５万区调中层序地层学的野外调查方法,有关副层序、不整合面、饥饿段及最大海泛期沉积的特征和识别标志,区域地层格架的建立等问题进行了详细讨论。进一步阐明了层序地层与岩石地层关系及其对填图的指导作用,并提出了层序地层学的图面表达方式和内容。     

国产海底地震仪研制现状及其在海底结构探测中的应用

简要概括了国产主动源海底地震仪（OBS）数据处理中常见的时间异常现象,以OBS2020-1测线的实际处理为主并结合了OBS处理中对数据异常校正取得的部分进展为实例,通过检查数据记录格式、计算相邻数据文件间的时间差、对比不同处理方法所得剖面、分析初始时间和采样时间是否异常、使用数据重采样等手段,对OBS时间异常问题进行了分类处理和校正。分析显示,国产OBS在数据记录中普遍存在的时间问题大部分均能解决,通过本文提供的方法可以避免处理不当所导致的OBS地震剖面出现同相轴“断阶”、“倾斜”,甚至“缺失”等现象,确保了有效震相的完整性,有效解决了OBS数据时间异常问题,提高了数据的质量和利用率,为后续开展走时层析成像奠定了良好的基础,并为今后主动源OBS数据处理流程和方法提供了借鉴。     

龙门山断裂带中北段大震复发特征与复发间隔估计

汶川MS8.0地震发生在青藏高原东缘著名的龙门山断裂带上,造成了从映秀、北川至南坝长约240km的同震地表破裂带．然而目前关于龙门山断裂带的大震复发特征研究较少．通过地震地质科学考察和断层断错地貌的差分GPS测量,发现第一级河流阶地、河床和河漫滩上的垂直断距大致相当,均代表汶川地震的位错,而第二级河流阶地上的累计位移大致是最新地震垂直位移的2倍．利用断错地貌、地震矩率和滑动速率3种方法,分别估算了龙门山断裂带大地震的复发间隔．结果表明:龙门山断裂带中北段可能发生与汶川大地震相当的地震,大震复发符合特征地震模型;大震复发间隔为3000——6000a．该结果可为龙门山断裂带的大震预测和地震危险性评价等研究提供重要的定量数据．      

Variability of unconfined compressive strength in relation to number of test samples

Unconfined compressive strength is one of the most commonly used properties in rock engineering. Estimation or selection of an appropriate value of unconfined compressive strength for a given rock can be difficult as it can vary greatly within the same rock unit. Considering this large variability, unconfined compressive strength obtained by testing just a few samples is questionable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variability of unconfined compressive strength for a given rock and, based on this information, determine the minimum number of samples required for obtaining a reliable value. Unconfined compressive strength values for approximately 50 NX-size (2.125 in./5.4 cm) core samples were determined for five different rock types. Statistical analyses were performed on subsets of cores to determine the minimum number of samples required to render a reliable estimate of the average strength of the entire set of cores. The results indicate that the minimum number of samples needed for strength determination depends on the statistical method used, the chosen confidence interval, and the acceptable deviation from the mean. For a 95% confidence interval and a 20% acceptable strength deviation from the mean, either 9 or 10 samples are needed to test for strength, depending on the statistical analysis used.     

最大风速变化特征及再现期极值估算

利用枣庄市1971~2008年各月10 min最大风速资料,对枣庄最大风速统计分析。发现38年中枣庄春季、夏季、秋季、冬季和全年的最大风速都呈下降趋势,年最大风速以每10年1.47 m/s的幅度下降,冬季下降最快,达到每10年降低1.67 m/s,夏季、秋季降低幅度很接近,都小于年平均最大风速降幅,春季最大风速下降最慢,且最大风速极值主要出现在春季。枣庄各月最大风速变化曲线呈递减的"两峰两谷"形。用柯尔莫哥洛夫方法对耿贝尔分布函数进行拟合优度的检验,其显著水平达到0.05,因此利用耿贝尔分布函数估算出枣庄未来若干年的最大风速极值,以满足生产建设规划与设计中对最大风速极值的要求。     

2001年永胜6 级地震的地表破裂与程海断裂

综合研究结果表明程海断裂晚更新世晚期以来大地震活动的时间间隔在1500a以上,因此未来一定时间段内,程海断裂还主要以6级左右的中强震为主。     

具有区间隶属函数的模糊卡尔曼滤波在组合导航系统中的应用

将具有区间值隶属函数的区间参数引入卡尔曼滤波,用区间值的集合来表示隶属函数,为解决具有不确定参数的系统优化问题提供了一种新的思路。最后通过实验验证了方法的有效性。     

Evaluation of the use of paleotsunami deposits to reconstruct inundation distance and runup heights associated with prehistoric inundation events,Crescent City,southern Cascadia margin

Historic‐ and prehistoric‐tsunami sand deposits are used to independently establish runup records for tsunami hazard mitigation and modeled runup verification in Crescent City, California, located in the southern Cascadia Subduction Zone. Inundation from historic (1964) farfield tsunami (~5–6 m runup height) left sand sheet deposits (100–200 m width) in wetlands located behind a low beach ridge [3–4 m elevation of the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88)]. The most landward flooding lines (4·5–5 m elevation) in high‐gradient alluvial wetlands exceed the 1964 sand sheet records of inundation by 1–2 m in elevation. The most landward flooding in low‐gradient alluvial wetlands exceed the corresponding sand sheet record of inundation distance by 1000 m. Nevertheless, the sand sheet record is an important proxy for high‐velocity inundation. Sand sheet deposition from the 1964 historic tsunami closely corresponds to the landward extent of large debris transport and structural damage in the Crescent City waterfront. The sand sheet deposits provide a proxy for maximum hazard or ‘kill zone’ in the study area. Six paleotsunami sand sheets (0·3–3 ka) are recorded in the back‐ridge marshes in Crescent City, yielding a ~450 year mean recurrence interval for nearfield Cascadia tsunami. Two paleotsunami sand deposit records, likely correlated to Cascadia ruptures between 1·0 and 1·5 ka, are traced to 1·2 km distance and 9–10 m elevation, as adjusted for paleo‐sea level. The paleotsunami sand deposits demonstrate at least twice the runup height, and four times the inundation distance of the farfield 1964 tsunami sand sheet in the same marsh system. The preserved paleotsunami deposits in Crescent City are compared to the most landward flooding, as modeled by other investigators from a predicted Cascadia (~ Mw 9) rupture. The short geologic record (~1·5 ka) yields slightly lower runup records than those predicted for the modeled Mw 9 rupture scenario in the same marsh, but it generally verifies predicted maximum tsunami runup for use in the planning of emergency response and rapid evacuation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface Rupture and Coseismic Displacement of the M_S7.1 Yushu Earthquake

On April 14,2010,a devastating earthquake measured 7.1 on the Richter scale struck Yushu county,Qinghai Province,China.Field geological investigation and remote sensing interpretation show that this earthquake generated an inverse L-shaped surface rupture zone,approximately 50km long.The surface rupture zone can be divided into three segments.Between the northern and middle segments of the surface rupture,there is a 16km-long segment,where no rupture was observed.The middle and the southern segments are arr...