2001年永胜6 级地震的地表破裂与程海断裂

综合研究结果表明程海断裂晚更新世晚期以来大地震活动的时间间隔在1500a以上,因此未来一定时间段内,程海断裂还主要以6级左右的中强震为主。     

具有区间隶属函数的模糊卡尔曼滤波在组合导航系统中的应用

将具有区间值隶属函数的区间参数引入卡尔曼滤波,用区间值的集合来表示隶属函数,为解决具有不确定参数的系统优化问题提供了一种新的思路。最后通过实验验证了方法的有效性。     

Evaluation of the use of paleotsunami deposits to reconstruct inundation distance and runup heights associated with prehistoric inundation events,Crescent City,southern Cascadia margin

Historic‐ and prehistoric‐tsunami sand deposits are used to independently establish runup records for tsunami hazard mitigation and modeled runup verification in Crescent City, California, located in the southern Cascadia Subduction Zone. Inundation from historic (1964) farfield tsunami (~5–6 m runup height) left sand sheet deposits (100–200 m width) in wetlands located behind a low beach ridge [3–4 m elevation of the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88)]. The most landward flooding lines (4·5–5 m elevation) in high‐gradient alluvial wetlands exceed the 1964 sand sheet records of inundation by 1–2 m in elevation. The most landward flooding in low‐gradient alluvial wetlands exceed the corresponding sand sheet record of inundation distance by 1000 m. Nevertheless, the sand sheet record is an important proxy for high‐velocity inundation. Sand sheet deposition from the 1964 historic tsunami closely corresponds to the landward extent of large debris transport and structural damage in the Crescent City waterfront. The sand sheet deposits provide a proxy for maximum hazard or ‘kill zone’ in the study area. Six paleotsunami sand sheets (0·3–3 ka) are recorded in the back‐ridge marshes in Crescent City, yielding a ~450 year mean recurrence interval for nearfield Cascadia tsunami. Two paleotsunami sand deposit records, likely correlated to Cascadia ruptures between 1·0 and 1·5 ka, are traced to 1·2 km distance and 9–10 m elevation, as adjusted for paleo‐sea level. The paleotsunami sand deposits demonstrate at least twice the runup height, and four times the inundation distance of the farfield 1964 tsunami sand sheet in the same marsh system. The preserved paleotsunami deposits in Crescent City are compared to the most landward flooding, as modeled by other investigators from a predicted Cascadia (~ Mw 9) rupture. The short geologic record (~1·5 ka) yields slightly lower runup records than those predicted for the modeled Mw 9 rupture scenario in the same marsh, but it generally verifies predicted maximum tsunami runup for use in the planning of emergency response and rapid evacuation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface Rupture and Coseismic Displacement of the M_S7.1 Yushu Earthquake

On April 14,2010,a devastating earthquake measured 7.1 on the Richter scale struck Yushu county,Qinghai Province,China.Field geological investigation and remote sensing interpretation show that this earthquake generated an inverse L-shaped surface rupture zone,approximately 50km long.The surface rupture zone can be divided into three segments.Between the northern and middle segments of the surface rupture,there is a 16km-long segment,where no rupture was observed.The middle and the southern segments are arr...     

2010年4月14日玉树7.1级地震前异常特征及强震动力学关系探讨

系统地分析了2010年4月14日玉树7.1级地震的地震活动性异常、前兆异常以及震前动物反常行为.研究表明,玉树7.1级地震前异常并不丰富,但觉察到的异常突出.其中中长期异常有6级、5级和4级的平静区;前兆观测有玉树表层水温、德令哈表层水温和平安电磁波等显著异常;同时震前1周还存在数量较多的动物宏观异常现象;主震前130min发生了一次4.7级地震.结合1996年以来巴颜喀拉地块边界的强震震源机制解,探讨了玉树地震孕育的动力学过程.结果表明,1996年喀喇昆仑山口7.1级、1997年玛尼7.5级和2010年玉树7.1级地震是同一动力学过程下的强震事件,且中长期存在的不同震级档平静区演化可能与上述动力学过程有关.还对强震原地复发、前震识别和玉树地震中的前兆观测等科学问题进行了讨论.     

土层锚杆高压注浆工艺的研究

通过对土层锚杆施工中的高压注浆工艺进行研究，得出了一套有效的工艺方法。     

地震震源深度分布模型的统计研究

选取1970年以来现代仪器记录到的含有深度信息，定位精度为1，2类的 浅源地震（深度小于70km)资料作为统计样本，以华北地震区，华中地震区，华南地震区，新疆地震区和青藏高原地震区为统计单元，分析研究浅源地震随深度的分布特征，以便进一步提高地震危险性分析的可靠性。考虑到不同震级大小的地震在震源深度分布上的特征及能有所不同，我们采用了以下震级分档区间：Ms=2.0-2.9,Ms=3.0-3.9,Ms=4.0-4.9,Ms=5.0-5.9,Ms=6.0-6.9，对于不同大小的地震分别进行分析。结果表明，地震震源深度的分布基本上围绕着地震区震源深度平均值呈正态分布。西部地区地震的深度概率分布曲线的均方差σ比东部地区的大，也就是说西部地区的地震在深度空间上有更大的分布范围。震源深度均值大体上也有随震级增大而增大的趋势。     

汾渭地震带时间序列的最大熵谱分析及未来中强震发震概率的最大熵原理估计

本文应用最大熵谱分析的方法和最大熵原理的方法,对汾渭地震带1200年以来发生的Ms≥5.0级地震的时间序列资料进行了分析,结果表明,汾渭地震带历史上Ms≥5.0级的地震存在着250±10年的卓越周期以及今后50年内,发生5.0≦6.0和6.0≦Ms<7.0级地震的概率分别为0.979和0.604,发生Ms>7.0级地震的概率较低,仅为0.199。而5级、6级地震的复发周期分别为12.9年和53.9年等。     

熵与不确定度区间

测量平差问题中，讨论观测量和参数估值时引入熵及熵意义上不确定度区间的概念，并论证了不确定度区间作为评定精度的指标的可行性，进而提出以不确定度区间作为假设检验的置信区间，避免了选取显著性水平α时的非客观因素的影响。给出了ｔ分布，ｘ２分布、Ｆ分布不确定度区间的计算公式及相应的数表。