区域旅游流网络结构与环境响应研究——以京津冀地区为例

旅游流对区域旅游开发规划具有重要指导作用,如何实现旅游流与区域经济、社会、自然环境的协调发展成为许多地区亟待思考的问题。该文借助社会网络理论和方法研究区域旅游流网络结构体系,从经济、社会、自然环境角度分析区域旅游流网络结构的环境影响因子;通过构建耦合协调度模型测量环境因子对区域旅游流网络结构的影响强度,并利用Moran指数对区域旅游流网络结构与环境的耦合协调度进行全局及局部自相关分析。最后以京津冀地区为例,探查该地区旅游流网络结构与环境的响应效果,为区域旅游流网络结构优化提供决策参考。     

川东北中—下三叠统流体动力场及成藏成钾耦合机理

川东北地区是近年来的找钾重点区。本文研究了三叠系嘉陵江组和雷口坡组的卤水储层特征、卤水化学特征和地下流体动力场,结果表明:川东北地区嘉陵江组和雷口坡组卤水储层主要为裂缝-溶孔型和白云岩型,属低孔低渗储层;宣汉—达州—开县—开江一带为中上扬子区的一个咸化凹陷,发育巨厚蒸发岩层,并且正好为流体越流浓缩成藏成矿区;该地区的卤水矿化度和钾离子含量较高,K+、Br+等离子含量达到卤水工业开采指标。综合分析川东北地区地下流体(气、水)的动力学特征,揭示地下流体动力场是二次富钾成矿的主要机制,在这一机制下,地层中封存的通过海水浓缩初始富钾形成的原始沉积水进一步浓缩富钾,并运聚至合适的构造-地层圈闭中,造就了该地区具备上气下水的耦合成藏成钾条件,有望成为"气钾兼探"的重要耙区。     

The Cosmolian program for simulating aeolian dynamics and its application to central Australia

The wide spatial coverage of sand dunes in continental interiors makes the understanding of their activity and accumulation history valuable for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and the interpretation of landscape evolution. Nevertheless, the study of aeolian landscape development at the million-year timescale is hampered by the complex interaction of factors determining dune migration and the inherently self-destructive nature of their chronostratigraphy, thus limiting the applicability of traditional dating methods. This study presents a standalone program that simulates aeolian transport based on luminescence-derived chronologies coupled with numerical modelling of the accumulation of cosmogenic nuclides. This integrative approach to modelling the history of aeolian landforms reveals phases of emergence of aeolian sand into the landscape, and provides a data-based scheme that facilitates the morphodynamical study of aeolian processes over multiple timescales and up to several millions of years. The application of the program for reanalysing previously reported data from the Australian Simpson Desert reveals multiple pulses of sand dispersion into central Australia at 3.8–3.4, 2.9–2.5 and 1.5–1 Ma, corresponding to pronounced changes in climatic conditions and landscape deformation events. The synchronicity of the results with the established environmental framework that would promote the production and aeolian distribution of sand exemplifies the applicability of process-based modelling in constructing a timeframe of key landscape evolution events in arid environments by studying aeolian deposits. The dependence of the parameters used to determine environmental settings on sand transportation patterns additionally makes the program a powerful tool to further investigate the triggers and mechanisms of aeolian processes.     

Observations and conceptual modelling of morphological coupling in a double sandbar system

Nearshore sandbars, located in <10 m water depth, can contain remarkably periodic alongshore undulations in both cross‐shore position and depth. In a double sandbar system, the alongshore spacing of these morphological patterns in the inner sandbar may be identical to those in the outer sandbar. Although this morphological coupling has been observed previously, its frequency and predominance remain unclear. In this paper, we use a 9.3‐year dataset of daily low‐tide time exposure images from the double‐barred beach at Surfers Paradise (Gold Coast, Australia) to analyse the temporal and spatial characteristics of morphological coupling within a double sandbar system. We distinguish five types of morphological coupling between the inner and outer sandbars, of which four coincide with a downstate progression of the outer bar. Coupling is either in‐phase (with a landward perturbation of the inner bar facing an outer‐bar horn) or out‐of‐phase (with a seaward perturbation of the inner bar facing an outer‐bar horn), where the coupled inner‐bar features either consist of rip channels or, predominantly, perturbations of the low‐tide terrace. Cross‐correlation of the image‐derived inner‐ and outer‐bar patterns shows coupling to be a common phenomenon in the double sandbar system studied here, with coupling in 40% of the observations. In contrast to previous observations of sandbar–shoreline coupling at single‐barred beaches, in‐phase coupling (85% of all coupled bar patterns) predominates over out‐of‐phase coupling (15%). Based on our observations and bathymetries assimilated from the images for a restricted set of coupling events, we hypothesize that the angle of offshore wave incidence, wave height and depth variations along the outer sandbar determine the type of flow pattern (cell circulations versus meandering currents) above the inner bar and hence steer the type of coupling. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

(Dis)Connectivity in catchment sediment cascades: a fresh look at the sediment delivery problem

The concept of the sediment delivery problem was introduced into the literature in 1983 by Des Walling. This concept describes how only a fraction of sediment eroded within a catchment will reach the basin outlet and be represented as sediment yield, and that sediment storage mechanisms operating within a catchment explain this discrepancy. Since this paper was published, geomorphologists have been examining in great detail the fate of sediment eroded from the landsurface, and the pathways and timeframes of sediment transport and storage in catchments. However, to fully understand the internal dynamics of sediment flux requires a ‘fresh look at the sediment delivery problem’. A framework is required that can incorporate the various processes involved in sediment movement from source areas through a basin to its outlet, and can take account of the spatial distribution of, and timeframes over which, these processes operate. This paper presents a conceptual framework for analysis of catchment (dis)connectivity that incorporates both spatial and temporal variability in the operation of the sediment cascade. This approach examines where blockages occur to disrupt these longitudinal, lateral and vertical linkages in catchments. Depending on the position of blockages (termed buffers, barriers and blankets), and their sediment residence time, various parts of a catchment may be actively contributing sediment to the sediment cascade and be switched on, or inactive and switched off. This paper discusses how such a framework can be used to model response times to disturbance and explain the manifestation of geomorphic change in catchments. The paper then highlights challenges geomorphologists face in applying such a framework to understand the internal dynamics of the catchment sediment cascades, and forecast how environmental change might affect the operation of sediment fluxes into the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑降解效应的城市固体废弃物非线性本构模型

基于城市固体废弃物(MSW)的降解及土力学特征,在应力降解模型、等向压缩特性和邓肯-张模型的理论基础上,建立了一个能够描述MSW应力和降解耦合作用的全量非线性本构模型。给出了不同应力状态下单元体体积和轴向变形随时间变化的数学表达,同时给出了所有参数的确定方法。采用该模型对不同龄期和不同围压条件下填埋场现场试样的三轴CD应力-应变曲线以及室内长期一维降解压缩试验进行了模拟。结果表明,模型概念合理、参数明确,能够较全面地描述不同降解龄期垃圾的本构关系,可用于分析填埋场的长期变形。     

干旱区城市化与生态韧性耦合协调的时空格局演化分析——以宁夏为例

快速城市化易引发各种生态问题,如何构建城市化与生态韧性的协调发展关系对于干旱区内陆城市的发展至关重要。结合遥感技术从韧性角度解读城市化与生态环境,以宁夏为研究区域,在构建城市化与生态韧性指数的基础上,运用耦合协调性和相对发展度模型对2005—2020年两者的耦合协调性进行研究。结果表明：（1） 宁夏城市化水平提升较快,以银川市为中心的沿黄城市群灯光璀璨,而宁夏南部呈现众多面积较小零星分布的灯光像元。（2） 宁夏生态韧性水平整体稳中有升。银川市生态韧性水平全区最高,吴忠市次之,石嘴山市、固原市和中卫市生态韧性水平则相对较低。（3） 宁夏城市化与生态韧性耦合协调性稳步提升,除银川市和石嘴山市外,其余各市均经历了不同程度的失调期。（4） 宁夏城市化和生态韧性的相对发展尚未达到理想上的等同。     

中国旅游业与金融业的耦合协调及其时空特征

在探讨旅游业与金融业融合发展机理的基础上,利用耦合协调度模型和空间自相关分析等方法,分析2011—2019年中国31个省域旅游业与金融业发展水平时空演变特征、耦合协调度时空分异特征与空间关联格局,并利用随机效应面板Tobit模型分析其影响因素。结果表明：1）中国旅游业与金融业发展水平总体保持上升趋势,但金融业发展水平始终高于旅游业;两者发展水平年均值呈“东部 > 中部 > 东北 > 西部”空间分布格局,年均增长率则呈“东慢西快”的空间特征。2）两大产业的耦合协调度在时间上整体呈上升态势,初步实现中度协调;在空间上呈“东部―中部―东北―西部”梯度递减格局。3）两大产业耦合协调度呈显著的正向空间自相关,且空间集聚强度呈波动增长的态势;“H-H”集聚类型分布在东中部,“L-L”集聚类型分布于西部和东北地区;各省域的空间集聚状态变化具有稳定性,表明各省域两大产业发展具有路径依赖特征。4）从影响因素看,经济发展水平、产业结构、区域创新能力和政府支持对旅游业与金融业耦合协调度有显著的正向影响,市场规模、交通发展水平和数字化程度则有显著的负向影响,地区开放程度则未通过显著性检验。     

绿色创新效率与生态治理绩效耦合协调的时空分异及响应——以长江经济带108个城市为例

基于改进的SFA模型对长江经济带108个城市2004—2016年的绿色创新效率与生态治理绩效值进行测度,借助耦合协调模型及探索性空间数据分析法对两系统的耦合协调度和时空分异特征进行分析,进而运用PVAR模型考察其响应关系。结果表明:①2004—2016年两系统整体处于初级协调阶段,未来仍有较大提升空间;空间上自东向西梯度递减,高协调区集中在东部城市;②两系统的耦合协调度具有空间正关联性,低-低集聚城市数多于高-高集聚,协调发展领先城市对周边城市的辐射带动作用较弱;③生态治理绩效对绿色创新效率响应较弱,而绿色创新效率对生态治理绩效响应则较强,且二者均对自身依赖较强,未来优化其互动机制应是长江经济带高质量发展的重点。     

西南贫困山区乡村振兴潜力与劳动力资源耦合关系——以贵州省望谟县为例

以2020年脱贫摘帽的贵州省望谟县161个行政村为研究对象,分析乡村振兴潜力与劳动力资源水平空间分布格局,运用耦合协调评判模型,探究二者耦合协调关系及发展类型。结果表明:(1)县域乡村振兴潜力水平整体偏低,空间分布存在较明显的地域差异性,受县城经济辐射越强、环境资源及交通区位条件越好的村庄,乡村振兴潜力越高;(2)劳动力资源水平因自然禀赋较差以及劳动力大量外出转移就业而相对较低,表现出南部高、北部低的分布特点;(3)县域乡村振兴潜力与劳动力资源以中度耦合为主,呈现基本协调的态势,耦合协调度较高的行政村主要分布在县域南部产业经济发展较好及区位交通较便捷的地区;(4)县域乡村振兴与劳动力资源耦合协调关系包括劳动力资源滞后型、乡村振兴滞后型和同步型,其中以同步型为主,该类型将是乡村振兴发展的重难点区域。