东北城市人口流动倾向强度与吸引力度耦合协调研究

以东北三省177个城市为研究对象,以智联招聘、前程无忧、58同城招聘、携程、去哪儿、途牛、58同城租房网、赶集网、居安客、百度地图、高德地图和腾讯地图12个网站的网络关注数据为样本,运用网络数据挖掘技术,构建城市人口流动倾向强度和吸引力度测算模型,并结合耦合协调模型和核密度测量方法,测出东北三省城市人口流动倾向强度与吸引力度的等级特征、类型特征和空间特征。研究结果表明：① 东北不同规模城市的人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度不同,城市规模越大,其人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度就越高;相似规模城市的人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度也表现出明显的差异性;东北地区城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度总体呈现出正比例关系;东北城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度都表现出较高的城市首位特征和明显的长尾特征;② 东北城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度极度耦合、高度耦合、中度耦合和低度耦合的城市分别占东北城市总数的2.26%、7.91%、24.29%、65.54%;各省间人口流动倾向强度与城市吸引力度耦合协调水平整体差异较小,差距不明显;人口流动超前型、同步型和滞后型分别占东北城市总数的63.85%、17.51%和18.64%,省际差异明显;③ 东北城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度耦合协调空间特征表现出等级性、集聚性、洼地性特征,耦合协调性的区域分布特征,不仅与这些地区的区位有关,也与该地区的城市规模、经济发展水平密切相关。     

近30年来三江源自然保护区土地覆被变化分析

本文利用三江源地区20世纪70年代中后期、80年代末和2004年三期土地覆被的数据,分析了三江源18个自然保护区3个圈层的2004年的土地覆被类型特征,以及70年代中后期至80年代末,80年代末至2004年土地覆被类型的变化特征。结果表明:三江源18个自然保护区土地覆被均以草地为主,2004年草地占保护区面积的65.68%,其中,约古宗列保护区最高,为83.0%,格拉丹东保护区最低31.48%。2004年18个保护区土地覆被状况指数由高到低依次为玛可河>多可河>江西>麦秀>中铁-军工>白扎>东仲>通天河沿>年保玉则>阿尼玛卿>昂赛>扎陵湖-鄂陵湖>当曲>果宗木查>星星海>索加-曲麻河>约古宗列>格拉丹东。1970年中后期至2004年土地覆被动态度大小依次为:星星海>扎陵湖-鄂陵湖>玛可河>多可河>年保玉则>江西>白扎>麦秀>阿尼玛卿>通天河沿>果宗木查>中铁-军工>约古宗列>索加-曲麻河>当曲>格拉丹东>昂赛>东仲。1970年中后期以来,18个保护区中有14个的土地覆被状况是变差的,按转差程度依次是星星海>阿尼玛卿>扎陵湖-鄂陵湖>年保玉则>多可河>白扎>约古宗列>通天河沿>索加-曲麻河>果宗木查>麦秀>中铁-军工>昂赛>东仲;有四个保护区的覆被状况有所好转,分别是当曲、格拉丹东、玛可河、江西保护区。     

近20年青海三江源自然保护区植被生产力变化模拟

三江源保护区是我国最大的自然保护区,对我国的生态安全起着重要的保障作用。作为生态系统功能重要指标之一的净初级生产力的大小及其速率,一直是人们关心的问题。本文利用GLOPEM模型模拟得到的青海三江源地区1988-2008年的NPP数据,计算了三江源自然保护区内外1988-2008、1988-2004,以及2004-2008年3个时间段的NPP年际变化速率,比较了三江源保护区内外的NPP年际变化。同时对三江源各个下属保护区的NPP增长潜力进行了排序,结果认为,三江源地区自生态系统工程实施以来,NPP有了明显的回升,回升速率约为0.47 gC/m²·a,其内部大多数子保护区的NPP也有了明显恢复,NPP回升的保护区占到总保护区数量的72%。     

Coupling Effect of Riser on Integrated FPS in Deepwater Area

The main challenge in predicting global responses of floating vessels in deepwater and ultra-deepwater areas comes from the system's coupled effect.In this paper,the coupled approach is used to analyze effects of riser on floating system in deepwater.The analysis results show that the coupling effects of risers will mainly affect the low frequency (LF) motions of the system.That is because risers will provide the system with a significant low frequency (LF) damping which will vary with the sea states.Under ...     

黄河三角洲湿地生物多样性及其保护

黄河三角洲湿地是典型的滨海河口湿地,重要的鸟类栖息地、繁殖地和中转站,具有典型的原生性、脆弱性,稀有性等特征,其生物资源丰富,有各种野生动物1 543种,种子植物393种,鸟类283种,其中属国家一级重点保护鸟类有9种,属国家二级重点保护鸟类有41种.该湿地的研究和保护,可以为生物多样性保护,特别是鸟类保护提供巨大支持.黄河三角洲自然保护区的建设为湿地及其生物多样性的保护和可持续利用创造了良好的条件和平台.近年来的调查发现,三角洲区域油田开发对湿地的影响正在逐步减少,自然保护区管理局先后实施的一系列工程,使生态环境得到明显改善,区内鸟类种类和数量明显增加,黄河三角洲在湿地生物多样性保护中的地位和作用也在进一步加强.     

海上风力发电结构动力研究进展

海上风力发电场的建设正在向大型化和规模化发展,以海上风力发电结构的动力响应特性研究为出发点,分别从荷载组合模型、结构耦合和耗能减震措施等几个方面展开,总结了国内外目前对海上风力发电结构进行动力研究的现状,并对未来有待于进一步研究的问题进行介绍.旨在提高海上风力发电结构的设计理论,增强其抵抗灾害性破坏的能力.     

The feeding and diet of the deep-sea shrimp Aristeus antennatus off the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean): Influence of environmental factors and relationship with the biological cycle

Spatio-temporal variation of feeding intensity and diet in the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus was studied at two locations around the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterraean) in August, September, and November 2003, and in February, April and June 2004 at depths between 550 and 750 m. The two areas, with different oceanographic conditions, were respectively located in the northwest (Sóller) and the south (Cabrera) of Mallorca. Off Sóller, feeding intensity of A. antennatus showed a significant increase from February to April and June 2004 in all the three size-classes studied (small shrimps: CL < 30 mm; medium: CL between 30 and 40 mm; large: CL ? 40 mm). Off Cabrera, the highest fullness was recorded in November 2003 among small and medium shrimp, while only large specimens showed patterns similar to that found off Sóller. Off Sóller, the diet of both small (CL < 34 mm) and large (CL ? 34 mm) A. antennatus was mainly influenced by season, with three dietary groups corresponding to August-September 2003, to November 2003/February 2004, and to hauls from April to June 2004. Off Cabrera, hauls (representing diets) were grouped by depth, never by season. The most remarkable seasonal shift in the diet of A. antennatus off Sóller was the increase of mesopelagic prey in April-June relative to other months. In all size categories there was an increase off Sóller in the energy intake of prey ingested from February to June 2004, an increase not found off Cabrera. Degree of digestion of mesopelagic prey indicated nocturnal feeding on mesopelagic fauna. These prey probably have a shallower depth distribution at night than found in our daylight sampling, and possible migratory movements among prey and A. antennatus at night would explain the lack of correlation between prey abundance in guts and in the environment found during daylight periods for most micronekton mesopelagic prey (euphausiids, myctophids and sergestids). Off Sóller, fullness and diet were significantly linked to temporal changes in water column productivity (e.g., Chl a readings, fluorescence) and to changes in the shrimp biology (lipid content of hepatopancreas, Gonado-somatic Index, GSI). Off Cabrera, we found a higher dependence of fullness and diet with T and S, both variables in turn related to depth. The increase of stomach fullness and dietary energy intake in pre-reproductive females from February to April-June 2004 found off Sóller, coupled with the consumption of mesopelagic prey, was parallel to a significant increase of the gonad weight (GSI, fecundity) in June. Most individuals attain gonad development in the period May-June, after two months of the peak of primary production at the surface. The strong link found between pelagic resources and reproductive processes in a deep-sea species such as the shrimp Aristeus antennatus, situated near the top of the trophic web, suggests a rapid energy flow via mesopelagic fauna between surface primary production and bathyal megabenthic communities at oligotrophic insular areas. In contrast to mainland areas off the Catalan coasts submitted to the influence of submarine canyons, around the island of Mallorca the empoverishment of benthos biomass may enhance consumption of micronektonic prey and a possible accumulation of pre-reproductive females of A. antennatus in areas (e.g., steep slopes and persistent frontal systems found off Sóller) with high zooplankton aggregations.     

Depth-stratified phytoplankton dynamics in Cyclone Opal, a subtropical mesoscale eddy

As part of E-Flux III cruise studies in March 2005, we investigated phytoplankton community dynamics in a cyclonic cold-core eddy (Cyclone Opal) in the lee of the Hawaiian Islands. Experimental incubations were conducted under in situ temperature and light conditions on a drift array using a two-treatment dilution technique. Taxon-specific estimates of growth, grazing and production rates were obtained from analyses of incubation results based on phytoplankton pigments, flow cytometry and microscopy. Cyclone Opal was sampled at a biologically and physically mature state, with an 80–100 m doming of isopycnal surfaces in its central region and a deep biomass maximum of large diatoms. Depth-profile experimentation defined three main zones. The upper (mixed) zone (0–40 m), showed little compositional or biomass response to eddy nutrient enrichment, but growth, grazing and production rates were significantly enhanced in this layer relative to the ambient community outside of the eddy. Prochlorococcus spp. dominated the upper mixed layer, accounting for 50–60% of its estimated primary production both inside and outside of Opal. In contrast, the deep zone of 70–90 m showed little evidence of growth rate enhancement and was principally defined by a 100-fold increase of large (>20-μm) diatoms and a shift from Prochlorococcus to diatom dominance (80%) of production. The intermediate layer of 50–60 m marked the transition between the upper and lower extremes but also contained an elevated biomass of physiologically unhealthy diatoms with significantly depressed growth rates and proportionately greater grazing losses relative to diatoms above or below. Microzooplankton grazers consumed 58%, 65% and 55%, respectively, of the production of diatoms, Prochlorococcus and the total phytoplankton community in Cyclone Opal. The substantial grazing impact on diatoms suggests that efficient recycling was the major primary fate of diatom organic production, consistent with the low export fluxes and selective export of biogenic silica, as empty diatom frustules, in Cyclone Opal.     

大气环流创新模式-内外因耦合及三维地转平衡的全球大气环流模式和中尺度特大暴雨模式研究设想

 本文概述了大气环流创新模式方面的构思.     

Cursory seismic drift assessment for buildings in moderate seismicity regions

This paper outlines a methodology to assess the seismic drift of reinforced concrete buildings with limited structural and geotechnical information. Based on the latest and the most advanced research on predicting potential near-field and far field earthquakes affecting Hong Kong, the engineering response spectra for both rock and soil sites are derived. A new step-by-step procedure for displacement-based seismic hazard assessment of building structures is proposed to determine the maximum inter-storey drift demand for reinforced concrete buildings. The primary information required for this assessment is only the depth of the soft soil above bedrock and the height of the building. This procedure is further extended to assess the maximum chord rotation angle demand for the coupling beam of coupled shear wall or frame wall structures, which may be very critical when subjected to earthquake forces. An example is provided to illustrate calibration of the assessment procedure by using actual engineering structural models.