关于下蜀黄土分类新方法及其承载力探讨

下蜀黄土是我国区域性分布的一种特殊性土，是在干旱气候条件下由风力堆积而成。单一地采用塑性指数（Ip)对其进行分类是显进管于简单而不能反映其特征。本文综合其活动性指数及粘粒含量进行分类的新方法，有利于对下蜀黄土进行评价。同时因其粉粒含量超过50％，受“袜度效应”影响，不能简单地套用粘性土公式，笔者总结了以往下蜀土分布地区采用的粘性土，新黄土公式，注意到Ip,Ps与fo,fk的相关性，提出了fo=100βPs 40α经验公式。     

新疆萨尔朔克金矿稀土元素地球化学特征

萨尔朔克金矿是近年来在阿舍勒大型铜锌多金属矿区外围发现的一种新的金矿类型，具有特殊的矿化特征。对矿床稀土元素特征的研究结果表明，矿床成矿物质主要来源于次火山围岩，但成矿具有多源性，不同类型矿石的稀土含量具有明显差异，表明矿床形成至少经过两期主要的热液活动。     

Space–time distribution of interplate moment release including slow earthquakes and the seismo-geodetic coupling in the Sanriku-oki region along the Japan trench

Along the Japan trench where some Mw8 class interplate earthquakes occurred in the past century such as the 1896 Sanriku tsunami earthquake (M6.8, Mt8.6, 12×10²⁰ N m) and the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw8.2, 28×10²⁰ N m), the Pacific plate is subducting under northeast Japan at a rate of around 8 cm/year. The seismic coupling coefficient in this region has been estimated to be 20–40%. In the past decade, three ultra-slow earthquakes have occurred in the Sanriku-oki region (39°N–42°N): the 1989 Sanriku-oki (Mw7.4), the 1992 Sanriku-oki (Mw6.9), and the 1994 Sanriku-oki (Mw7.7) earthquakes. Integrating their interplate moments released both seismically and aseismically, we have the following conclusions. (1) The sum of the seismic moments of the three ultra-slow earthquakes was (4.8–6.6)×10²⁰ N m, which was 20–35% of the accumulated moment (18.6–23.0)×10²⁰ N m, in the region (39°N–40.6°N, 142°E–144°E) for the 21–26 years since the 1968 Mw8.2 Tokachi-oki earthquake. This is consistent with the previous estimates of the seismic coupling coefficient of 20–40%. On the other hand, the sum of the interplate moments including aseismic faulting is (11–16)×10²⁰ N m, leading to a “seismo-geodetic coupling coefficient” of 50–85%, which is an extension of the seismic coupling coefficient to include slow events. (2) The time constants showed a large range from 1 min (10² s) for the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake to 10–20 min (10³ s) for the 1896 Sanriku tsunami earthquake, to one day (10⁵ s) for the 1992 Sanriku-oki ultra-slow earthquake, to on the order of one year (10⁷ s) for the 1994 Sanriku-oki ultra-slow earthquakes. (3) Based on the space–time distribution, three “gaps of moment release,” (40.6°N–42°N, 142°E–144°E) 39°N–40°N, 142°E–143°E) and (39°N–40°N, 142°E–144°E), are identified, instead of the gaps of seismicity.     

对峰峰鼓山奥陶系中统富水性的调查与分析

本文通过对峰峰奥陶系中统岩性及富水性调查与分析，为解决峰峰矿区日常生产及下三层煤开采所面临的水文地质问题，提供了较为全面的地质资料。     

Momentum transfer at the ocean–atmosphere interface: the wave basis for the inertial coupling approach

 The inertial coupling approach for the momentum transfer at the ocean–atmosphere interface, which is based on the assumption of a similarity hypothesis in which the ratio between the water and air reference velocities is equal to the square root of the ratio between the air and water densities, is reviewed using a wave model. In this model, the air and water reference velocities are identified, respectively, with the spectrally weighted phase velocity of the gravity waves and the Stokes velocity at the water roughness length, which are evaluated in terms of the dimensionless frequency limits in Toba's equilibrium spectrum. It is shown that the similarity hypothesis is approximately satisfied by the wave model over the range of wave ages encountered in typical sea states, and that the predicted values of the dimensionless surface drift velocity, the dimensionless water reference velocity, and the Charnock constant are in reasonable agreement with observational evidence. The application of the bulk relationship for the surface shear stress, derived from the inertial coupling hypothesis in general circulation modeling, is also discussed. Received: 6 January 2001 / Accepted: 28 June 2001     

THE MEANDER OF KUROSHIO AND OSCILLATION IN A COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL*

A numerical experiment of an asynchronous coupled ocean-atmosphere model has been described in this paper.A two-layer global atmosphere general circulation model(OSU/IAP-AGCM)and a two-layer North Pacific Ocean general circulation model(NPOGCM) developed by Liu et al.(1992)are used in numerical experiment.The sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) corresponding to the meander of the Kuroshio is treated as the initial perturbation in the Pacific Ocean and the abnormal phenomena caused by the disturbance and the interaction between atmosphere and ocean,have been studied.The numerical experiment showed that the SST anomaly in the North Pacific could induce a new 30-60 day osciltation through the coupling between atmosphere and ocean and the interaction between the meander of the Kuroshio and atmosphere circulation is a positive feedback process.     

Solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and chaotic dynamics

Electromagnetic fields and currents connect various regions of the earth's near space environment extending upto the magnetopause. Realization of this fact has lead to the concept of Global Electric Circuit (GEC) to describe the electromagnetic environment of the earth's atmosphere. Solar wind - magnetosphere - ionosphere coupling forms a vital component of GEC. Magnetospheric substorms represent a global interaction between the solar wind, the magetosphere, and the ionosphere. This article gives an overview of the solar wind - magnetosphere- ionosphere coupling processes with emphasis on the nonlinear particle dynamics in the magnetotail. Those aspects of the substorm processes which involve the chaotic dynamics are highlighted. Various methods based on nonlinear particle dynamics, linear prediction filtering techniques, phase space reconstruction techniques, and dynamical anologue models of geomagnetic activity are reviewed. It is shown that the solar wind- magnetosphere - ionosphere system behaves as a strongly coupled nonlinear dynamical system which could be driven from regular to chaotic behavior with low dimensionality when the solar wind forcing is strong enough.     

土库曼天然气的发展规划及其对我国西部油气开发的影响

土库曼的天然气主要分布于卡拉库姆盆地。该国天然气的预测储量为１５４４×１０＾１０ｍ＾３。１９９１年已探明约４×１０＾１２ｍ＾３，产量８４３×１０＾８ｍ＾３。分别居世界第８和第４位。独立后制订规划要求２０００年和２０１０年产量分别达１２８×１０＾９ｍ＾３和２２４×１０＾９ｍ＾３，兴建多条长输管道以向欧亚供气。其中经中国达日本的管道已与中、日政府或公司集团达成初步协议。这一计划的实现将对中国的经济，特     

柳沟灌区水盐动态预测的研究

在研究和分析柳沟灌区地质结构和水盐运移特征的基础上，建立预测地在积盐规律的耦合模型。在模型中，以溶质运移的随机传输函数模型描述地位积盐过程，以确定性模型刻划含水层系统的内部特征，用该模型预测不同水位埋深条件下不同时期地表积盐量，为该区设计地下水最佳开采方案和改造盐碱地措施奠定了基础。