Numerical simulation of dynamic Coulomb stress changes induced by M 6.5 earthquake in Wuding, Yunnan and its relationship with aftershocks

Based on the discrete wavenumber method, we calculate the fields of dynamic Coulomb rupture stress changes and static stress changes caused by M6.5 earthquake in Wuding, and study their relationship with the subsequent aftershocks. The results show that the spatial distribution patterns of the positive region of dynamic stress peak value and static stress peak value are similarly asymmetric, which are basically identical with distribution features of aftershock. The dynamic stress peak value and the static stress in the positive region are more than 0.1 MPa and 0.01 MPa of the triggering threshold, respectively, which indicates that the dynamic and static stresses are helpful for the occurrence of aftershock. This suggests that both influences of dynamic and static stresses should be considered other than only either of them when studying aftershock triggering in near field. Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (40364001) and Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (605014).     

A uniform representation in the calculation of seismic radiation efficiency and rupture speed

According to energy partition principle,we have derived a generalized formula used to calculate the radiation effi-ciency.It overcomes the numerical errors involved in the estimation of radiation efficiency caused by the uncer-tainties owe to the different frictional mechanisms which is used to describe the earthquake faulting.Using real seismic data published in the previous studies,we have recalculated the radiation efficiency with associated to the different frictional mechanisms,and compared with previous results lack of consideration of frictional mechanism.The results indicate that,based on the new formula,the radiation efficiency we have estimated is always less than 1,and the unphysical conclusion of radiation efficiency greater than 1 is avoided completely.     

Constraints on rupture speed of the 2001 M S 8.1 West Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake by co-seismic surface rupture slip displacements based on the slip-weakening mechanism with frictional undershoot involved

With co-seismic surface rupture slip displacements provided by the field observation for the 2001 MS8.1 West Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake, this paper estimates the rupture speed on the main faulting segment with a long straight fault trace on the surface based on a simple slip-weakening rupture model, in which the frictional overshoot or undershoot are involved in consideration of energy partition during the earthquake faulting. In contrast to the study of Bouchon and Vallée, in which the rupture propagation along the main fault could exceed the local shear-wave speed, perhaps reach the P-wave speed on a certain section of fault, our results show that, under a slip-weakening assumption combined with a frictional undershoot (partial stress drop model), average rupture speed should be equal to or less than the Rayleigh wave speed with a high seismic radiation efficiency, which is consistent with the result derived by waveform inversion and the result estimated from source stress field. Associated with the surface rupture mechanism, such as partial stress drop (frictional undershoot) associated with the apparent stress, an alternative rupture mechanism based on the slip-weakening model has also been discussed.     

RT模式下刚性挡墙土压力计算方法研究

针对绕墙顶向外转动的刚性挡土墙,提出一种土压力计算方法。根据土体渐进破坏机理,考虑土拱效应,建立了填土内摩擦角及墙土接触面上外摩擦角的发挥与土体位移的非线性关系,并根据初始应力条件确定初始内摩擦角。采用改进的水平层分析法计算各转角下的土压力分布,并得到土压力合力大小及其作用点的计算公式。通过比较,不同转角下土压力强度、合力大小以及作用点计算值与模型试验实测结果接近。     

Earthquake recurrence on whole active fault zones and its relation to that on individual fault-segments

IntroductionEarthquake recurrence models established on activity behaviors of strong earthquakes are the bases of long-term earthquake prediction, seismic risk zonation, and seismic hazard assessment. A lot of studies have been carried out on earthquake recurrence behaviors for specific seismogenic sources or fault-segments, and a series of empirical recurrence models have been proposed, such as the time-predictable model and the slip-predictable model for earthquakes repeated at the previous …     

从顺义地表破裂带分析顺义-良乡断裂北段的活动性

沿北京顺义 -良乡断裂北段存在地表破裂带。对这条破裂带进行了成因分析、野外调查、化探和槽探研究 ,认为该破裂带反映了顺义 -良乡断裂北段的现今活动性。今后应注意沿该段断裂的地震活动并在建设规划中充分考虑它对工程可能造成的灾害     

用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究

本文介绍了利用钻孔构造地层学和年代学资料鉴定平原区隐伏活动断裂长期活动习性的一种新的方法和应用实例。通过夏垫断裂上下盘东柳河屯 1,2号钻孔地层剖面年代学的测定和岩性的分析与对比 ,定量地恢复了距今 2 6ka以来断裂上下盘的差异沉积历史和垂直错动过程 ,建立了鉴别古地震的构造地层学标志。在此基础上 ,将断裂两侧的累积垂直位移量作为定量约束条件从新到老恢复到每一次地表破裂型地震错动前的状态 (扣除后期的同震垂直位移量 ) ,可识别出 11次地表破裂型古地震事件。指出夏垫断裂上的地表破裂型地震复发行为与古气候环境之间存在着密切的相关关系 ,气候极度寒冷的末次冰期间亚冰期和鼎盛期 (距今 19 3～ 2 6ka)共发生 6次地表破裂型古地震事件 ,这一时期是夏垫断裂地表破裂型 (古 )地震丛状群集期 ,复发间隔介于 90 0～ 190 0a ,且多数仅 90 0～ 12 0 0a。末次冰期鼎盛期晚期到冰后期 (距今 0～ 19 3ka)的地表破裂型 (古 )地震服从准周期复发模式 ,复发间隔明显地增长 ,包括公元 16 79年三河 -平谷 8级地震在内的最近 5次地表破裂型(古 )地震的复发间隔介于 370 0～     

云南地区中强地震震源破裂图像

利用等震线和余震序列资料,主要研究了云南地区１５１次中、强震的震源破裂方向资料,给出云南地区中强地震震源破裂的空间展布图像。结果表明,该区的５～６级地震破裂相对较散乱,没有明显的优势方向。而７级以上地震破裂具有明显的方向性,以北北西－北西向为主,占６３％;其次是近南北向,占２１％它们形成了３条具相当规模的震源破裂带。     

地震预报可能性的物理分析

分析了岩石的破裂过程,认为地震是非线性系统失稳的结果,加卸载响应比反映了岩体趋近应力峰值的程度,其异常仅标志着某地区具有发生地震的危险性,指出临震预报的困难在于地震往往发生在应力峰值之后,同时还讨论了临震预报的可能性。     

The Umbria-Marche (central Italy) earthquakes: relation between rupture directivity and sequence evolution for the Mw > 5 shocks

We derive the relative moment rate function for the shocks with M_w > 5 in the 1997-98 central Italy seismic sequence, started with the M_w = 5.7, 09/26/97 00:33 event, by applying an empirical Green functionmethod. By using three conveniently placed broadband MedNet stations we obtain apparent source time functions indicating clear directivity effects for all of the analysed earthquakes, with rupture propagation generally directed outward from the epicentral area of the09/03/97 foreshock sequence. Taking a simple source model, forward modeling is utilized for determining fault parameters such as length, rupture propagation velocity and direction and, for the three major events,slip distribution. The effects of the break propagation directions onthe sequence evolution is discussed. A possible inconsistencyresults for the shallow 04/03/98 shock, which could be avoided if alink with the deep 03/26/98 event is assumed.Our analysis evidences the importance of a quick determination for the fault parameters in order to image the possible induction of fracturing on nearby structures.