国土空间规划：基础设施与公共服务设施单幅总图的研制

基础设施的建设与布局是在遵循自然系统格局的基础上,由人类活动所引致的物质环境再建构和空间秩序再安排,是构建和引领区域空间结构的重要支撑体系,因此一直是区域发展类规划的重要组成部分。结合省级空间规划试点工作,提出符合空间规划目标的基础设施与公共服务设施编制方案与技术流程,强调专项规划与“三区三线”、空间布局总图的关系,并以福建省为例,设计了基础设施与公共服务设施单幅总图的编制技术流程,以期为其他地区空间规划的编制提供借鉴意义。     

中巴农产品贸易的效率评价与潜力预测研究

基于1992—2016年中国与南亚八国的相关贸易数据,从巴基斯坦的角度出发,选取南亚七国作为参考对象,利用随机前沿引力模型对其双边农产品贸易总额及出口农产品贸易总额的面板数据进行测算。研究结果表明：人均GDP、国家类型等因素对中巴双边农产品贸易发展产生正向影响;人口、距离因素则阻碍中巴农产品贸易发展;中巴双边农产品贸易效率（平均值约0.689）高于中国对巴基斯坦出口农产品贸易效率（平均值约0.615）;中国对巴基斯坦实际农产品出口总额未达到最佳的贸易前沿水平,因此农产品出口还存在较大的提升空间。     

Drivers of variability in large wood loads along the fluvial continuum of a Mediterranean intermittent river

Although in-channel and floodplain large wood (LW) has been recognized as an important component of lotic ecosystems, there is still limited knowledge on the recruitment, mobility and retention of LW in rivers with an intermittent hydrological regime. In this study, we analysed the LW characteristics and related reach-scale variables of 22 reaches in a Mediterranean intermittent river (Evrotas, Greece) in order to identify predictors of in-channel and floodplain LW distribution. Our results indicated high downstream variation in LW volumes in the fluvial corridor (0.05–25.51 m³/ha for in-channel LW and 0–30.88 m³/ha for floodplain LW). In-channel and floodplain LW retention was primarily driven by the hydrological regime of the studied reaches (i.e. perennial or non-perennial) with higher volumes of LW observed in perennial sections. The width of the riparian corridor was an important predictor of LW storage at the reach scale. Non-perennial reaches had a disproportionally larger number of relatively small-diameter living trees at the expense of mature trees with larger diameters typical for riparian stands functioning as LW recruitment areas in perennial reaches. The smaller dimensions of in-channel LW in non-perennial reaches, coupled with the dominance of loose LW pieces, implies frequent LW transport during ordinary flood events. Nevertheless, overall low LW retention in the fluvial corridor under non-perennial flow regime predicts low volumes of mobilized LW. In contrast, the recruitment of relatively long and large-diameter LW from mature riparian stands in perennial reaches, together with additional LW stabilization by banks, bed sediments, living trees or other LW pieces decreases the potential for further LW transport. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaporation from a riparian system in a semi-arid environment

Measurements of micrometeorological variables were made for a complete annual cycle using an automatic weather station and two energy budget–Bowen ratio systems at a field site adjacent to the Santa Cruz River in southern Arizona. These data were used to provide the basis of an estimate of the evaporation from a one-mile long losing reach of a riparian corridor in this semi-arid environment. A remotely sensed map of vegetation cover was used to stratify the corridor into five categories of surface cover. The total evaporation was calculated as the area-weighted average of the measured evaporation for sampled areas of the two most common covers, and appropriate estimates of evaporation for the less common covers. Measurements showed a substantial, seasonally dependent evaporation from the taller, deep-rooted riparian cover in the study reach, while the short, sparse vegetation provided little evaporation. In terms of the volume of water evaporated from the study reach, the evaporation from irrigated agriculture accounts for almost half of the total loss, while the majority of the remaining evaporation is from the taller riparian vegetation covers, with about one-quarter of the total loss estimated as coming from obligatory phreatophytes, primarily cottonwood. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于MCR模型的南方稀土矿区生态安全格局分析

南方稀土矿区是世界上主要的离子型稀土矿生产基地,对当地乃至中国都带来了不可估量的经济价值,但是在追求稀土开采的经济效益的同时,由于采矿工艺的不足,产生了一系列环境问题,威胁矿区的生态安全。以赣州岭北稀土矿区为例,基于景观生态安全格局理论及最小累积阻力模型（Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model,MCR）方法,对矿区的生态源地、生态廊道、生态节点等进行判别与分析,构建了矿区2009、2013和2018年3个年份的景观生态安全格局。结果表明：① 稀土矿区的生态源地的斑块面积较小,主要集中于矿区的东西两侧。② 在选取年份期间,稀土矿区的生态源地面积、生态廊道、辐射通道及生态节点数量都在不断增加,表明在这9 a间,稀土矿区景观生态安全状况得到了一定的改善,但相关部门仍需对稀土矿区的生态安全格局进行进一步的规划和优化。     

多塔楼高层建筑连廊结构的柔性连接设计及试验研究

本文提出了高层建筑多塔楼连廊结构采用柔性连接方式,并进行了结构抗震分析和模拟地震振动台试验研究。计算和试验结果表明连廊采取柔性连接后,结构在连廊连接处的受力状况得到改善,结构的基底剪力明显减小,柔性连接有一定的耗能能力,提高了建筑物的抗震性能。     

PRESENT LANDFORMS, ACTIVE TECTONIC ZONES, DEEP STRUCTURES AND UPLIFT MECHANISMS OF THE LONGSHOUSHAN BLOCK ON THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU

PRESENT LANDFORMS, ACTIVE TECTONIC ZONES, DEEP STRUCTURES AND UPLIFT MECHANISMS OF THE LONGSHOUSHAN BLOCK ON THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU     

河西走廊东部近50a沙尘暴成因、危害及防御对策

利用我国沙尘暴多发区,甘肃省河西走廊东部民勤、武威等四站建站以来近50a的气象资料,详细分析了河西走廓东部沙尘暴天气发生的时空特点、成因及造成的危害情况,指出河西走廊东部的沙尘暴天气主要是由大风天气过程与其特殊的地形地貌、干旱气候背景相互作用的结果,它造成河西走廊东部两亿多元的经济损失,使50多人丧生。为了有效地预防或减轻沙尘暴的危害和损失,最后提出沙尘暴天气的防御对策是:建立沙尘暴天气的监测和预报预警系统,早发现早预防;开发空中云水资源,实施人工增雨增雪作业;恢复生态植被,控制土壤沙化,减轻沙尘暴危害。     

兰州-西宁-银川城市带与西部开发

通过对有关城市、区域的统计分析,在评述兰州-西宁-银川城市带基本特征的基础上,重点讨论其在西部大开发中四个方面的地位作用：我国内陆腹地的战略要地和开发据点,沟通我国东西部间、我国与中亚、欧洲国家间的桥梁和纽带,保障国家资源安全的能源重化工基地和重要进口通道,保障国家生态安全的重点生态建设区。并针对其在内部结构、市场化、开放度方面的主要问题,指出其发展趋势和战略选择：加快城市带交通通道建设,将潜在资源优势转化为现实经济优势,创造局部优势投资环境和开放社会,重视教育、科技和生态建设。     

番禺区城市建设用地的廊道效应分析

廊道效应是交通网等产生的、由中心轴线向外随距离增大而逐步衰减的效应。目前,城市交通网络对城市建设用地的廊道效应正在受到越来越多的关注,但现有的对城市交通网络的研究主要集中在城市轨道交通和公路网络等方面,并没有考虑到人们出行越来越多采用的交通工具——地铁。因此,以广州市番禺区为研究区,运用GIS和RS分析了广州地铁对番禺区土地利用的廊道效应。先分别建立地铁线和地铁站点的缓冲区,再分别提取距地铁500 m,1 000 m和2 000 m范围内的土地利用信息,最后研究广州地铁沿线和沿站点的土地利用空间分异情况。研究结果表明,到目前为止,广州地铁线对番禺区的土地利用还没有明显的廊道效应,但广州地铁站点却对番禺区土地利用具有明显的分异作用。