Riparian thermal conditions across a mixed rural and urban landscape

Riparian corridors have the potential to function as thermal refuges, moderating extremes of local temperature variation. However, although demonstrated at individual sites, and over short periods, the consistency of this effect at wider temporal and spatial scales is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to assess the temperature differences between riparian corridors and adjacent non-riparian habitats and to explore the influence of environmental characteristics on these differences. Air temperature was monitored hourly at 20 paired locations (riparian and non-riparian) for two consecutive years. Urban index and canopy cover were characterised by calculating the percentage of impervious surface area and tree canopy cover within a 100 m radius from the centre of each sampling site. Canopy cover reduced summer thermal stresses in both urban and rural areas whereas high urban index tended to increase the daily thermal indices. Rivers had a significant mitigating effect on the urban riparian thermal condition, particularly in extreme hot weather. Riparian corridors were generally 1 °C cooler than non-riparian locations in summer and could be up to 3 °C cooler at some sites in extreme hot weather. Furthermore, riparian corridors at some sites were warmer than non-riparian locations in winter. These findings suggest that the proximity of rivers can modify riparian thermal environments, potentially reducing the heat stress of riparian corridors across landscapes.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地复合沙垄间地新月形沙丘的逆向演变

通过对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地复合沙垄间地新月形沙丘的形态变化、分布特征、移动特征进行测量,计算出沙丘移动输沙变化,证实该区存在新月形沙丘逆向演变。逆向演变过程的发生主要由于沙垄间地的高度不饱和风沙流和该区新月形沙丘较小的高度。高度不饱和风沙流形成于沙垄背风坡底到垄间地中部的加速过程和粗沙地表的作用,从沙垄底部到垄间地中部的粒度变化,风沙流垂直结构都有所反映。新月形沙丘为沙垄背风坡上覆沙丘脱离沙垄而成,高度在2m左右,该区次风向使新月形沙丘宽度减小以及粗沙地表在强弱风交替作用下增加沙丘移动过程中沙丘沙的滞留量都有利于沙丘逆向演变。     

Major neotectonic features of eastern Marmara region,Turkey: development of the Adapazarı–Karasu corridor and its tectonic significance

Eastern Marmara region consists of three different morphotectonic units: Thrace–Kocaeli Peneplain (TKP) and Çamdağ–Akçakoca Highland (ÇAH) in the north, and Armutlu–Almacık Highland in the south of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). The geologic‐morphologic data and seismic profiles from the Sakarya River offshore indicate that the boundary between the TKP in the west and ÇAH in the east is a previously unrecognized major NNE–SSW‐trending strike‐slip fault zone with reverse component. The fault zone is a distinct morphotectonic corridor herein named the Adapazarı–Karasu corridor (AKC) that runs along the Sakarya River Valley and extends to its submarine canyon along the southern margin of the Black Sea in the north. It formed as a transfer fault zone between the TKP and ÇAH during the Late Miocene; the former has been experiencing extensional forces and the latter compressional forces since then. East–West‐trending segments of the NAFZ cuts the NE–SW‐trending AKC and their activity has resulted in the formation of a distinct fault‐bounded morphology, which is characterized by alternating E–W highlands and lowlands in the AKC. Furthermore, this activity has resulted in the downward motion of an ancient delta and submarine canyon of the Sakarya River in the northern block of the NAFZ below sea level so that the waters of the Black Sea invaded them. The NE–SW‐trending faults in the AKC were reactivated with the development of the NAFZ in the Late Pliocene, which then caused block motions and microseismic activities throughout the AKC. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于“功能节点—关键廊道”的城市生态安全格局构建——以深圳市为例

城市生态安全格局构建是综合协调生态保护与经济发展的重要举措,对于合理配置有限的生态资源并最大限度发挥其生态作用具有重要意义。本文以深圳市为例,在生态功能节点识别的基础上,结合景观的生态系统服务价值,根据耗费距离模型,生成生态功能耗费表面,并进行最短路径网络分析,在此基础上提取核心斑块、关键生态廊道。结果表明：各景观类型的生态阻力值,林地阻力最小,且远小于其他景观类型生态阻力值;生态功能耗费梯度表面的分布呈现围绕生态功能节点向周围辐散递减的趋势,东部地区较西部西南部建成区低;核心斑块的大小和形状均存在不同程度的差异,较大的斑块集中分布在东部地区,且对应的节点级别较高;所识别的关键廊道共有4条,空间位置大体上落在基本生态控制线内,羊台山向塘朗山的廊道外缘与基本生态控制线存在冲突,需要对该区域加以管控。建议一方面适时调整生态控制线范围并将冲突部分纳入生态控制线之内,另一方面对该地区进行必要的监管和保护,防止受到进一步破坏。     

城市群生态空间结构优化组合模式及对策——以中原城市群为例

城市群生态空间结构优化将会促进城市群经济社会环境可持续发展。在深入分析城市群生态空间结构与城市群经济社会发展之间的空间相互作用、互利共生和协同进化等优化依据基础上,构建了城市群生态空间结构优化组合模式。作者阐述并分析了中原城市群建设过程中生态空间结构紊乱原因、空间结构演变趋势和生态空间结构优化模式。最后提出中原城市群生态空间结构优化对策建议：因地制宜,构建完善高效的“斑块—廊道—基质”城市群生态网络系统;促进城市群区域各城市合理分工,不断形成产业簇群;构建城市群发展引导机制,使城市群区域的城乡建设转向更加适宜人们居住的生态环境友好型地区。     

基于“点—轴系统”理论的鲁南旅游长廊建构

＂点—轴系统＂理论是区域开发的基础性理论,对于区域旅游开发同样具有重要的理论价值和现实指导意义。基于＂点—轴系统＂理论,在对旅游规划概念上的鲁南经济带进行修正的基础上,结合鲁南经济带旅游资源状况和旅游发展现状,提出重点打造以曲阜、日照、枣庄、临沂、菏泽、东平为核心的6个一级旅游增长点;以日东高速、105国道、206国道为发展轴线的3个一级旅游发展轴;形成圣人文化旅游板块、日照滨海旅游板块、湖滨红色休闲养生旅游板块、蒙山沂水红色逍遥游旅游板块、水浒休闲生态旅游板块六大各具特色的旅游板块。从而＂点-线-面＂共同组成＂双十字＂开发模式的鲁南旅游长廊,以此来最大限度地发挥鲁南地区旅游资源的潜力,实现鲁南旅游的腾飞。     

近50年来河西走廊平原区气候变化的区域特征及突变分析

近50年来,河西走廊平原区的气温在20世纪60~80年代偏低,90年代以后明显偏高,其中冬季升温显著,而降水在60年代偏少,70年代最多,80年代又偏少,90年代以后又偏多,2000年以来秋季降水增加显著。在全球变暖背景下,走廊平原区的气温突变明显,而降水突变不明显;区域气温突变比较一致,春、夏、秋季在90年代中后期发生升温突变,冬季在80年代中期发生升温突变,年平均气温在80年代中期和90年代中后期也发生升温突变;降水突变存在一定的区域差异,东、西部降水在60年代中后期发生突变,突变后降水量增多。     

竖向地震下双塔连体建筑的分析和设计

首先输入多条实际竖向地震记录,用时程分析考察了塔楼高度和连体跨度不同的多个算例。然后将其抽象成塔楼和连体桁架组成的双自由度体系,运用频域分析方法,得到竖向地震作用的变化规律：11随着桁架对塔楼频率比增加,连体地震放大作用越明显;2）当连体对塔楼质量比较小且两者频率比相近1,连体地震反应进一步加强。现行抗震规范的重力系数法提出的大跨度结构竖向地震的实用计算公式对于本文研究结构并不完全适用。提出考虑塔楼和桁架协同地震作用的实用算式,并对一个超高层工程实例进行竖向地震作用分析,与时程分析结果吻合较好。     

三江平原浓江河湿地生态廊道区及其周边春季鸟类多样性研究

浓江河湿地生态廊道是连接三江平原洪河国家级自然保护区湿地和三江国家级自然保护区湿地的生态廊道.2008年春季,对浓浓江河湿地江湿地生态廊道鸟类资源开展了调查研究.在研究区5种鸟类栖息生境共设立11个调查点,共记录有鸟类14目26科68种,3 220只.浓江河湿地生态廊道鸟类多样性指数(H')较高,生境主要以沼泽湿地为主,不同栖息生境中鸟类多样性指数表现为H'沼泽(1.260 1)>H'水域(1.248 8)>H'居民区(0.903 1)>H'农田(0.872 8)>H'林地(0.871 6);均匀性指数(E)表现为E水域(0.182 3)>E农田(0.164 6)>E林地(0.142 9)>E沼泽(0.110 5)>E居民区(0).维持浓江河湿地生态廊道沼泽和水域的面积对于保护该廊道的功能具有重要意义.     

甘肃省河西地区高层建筑动力特性脉动观测研究

采用脉动观测方法对甘肃省河西地区的武威皇台大厦,张掖电力大厦和张掖国税大厦３栋高层建设的自振特性进行测试。在分析３栋建筑的自振周期、振型和阻尼比时,结合对当地场地特性的分析,指出了河西地区对高层建设有利的场地条件以及今后在该地区修建以建筑时应注意的若干问题。