级配砂石地基条件下核安全级廊道结构地震响应分析

级配砂石处理核安全级廊道结构的软弱地基有良好的发展前景,发展级配砂石地基条件下的廊道地震响应分析模型是评价其抗震安全性的关键问题。以某核电厂废液输送机排放廊道为研究对象,通过引入等价线性法描述近场级配砂石地基的非线性特征,在分析模型底部施加黏性边界模拟半无限空间,在截断边界的两侧施加黏性边界考虑波动的逸散效果,通过无厚度Goodman单元模拟廊道结构与周围地基的摩擦效应,并利用基于有限元法的自由场响应分析实现地震动输入,从而建立了级配砂石地基条件核安全级廊道结构地震响应分析计算模型。最后,通过开展级配砂石与回填素混凝土两种地基处理条件的廊道地震响应对比分析,该模型表现出良好的规律性及工程应用效果。研究成果可为在建项目、后续核电项目此类问题的地基处理提供借鉴与参考。     

河西走廊地壳稳定性研究进展

河西走廊地区地处青藏高原北缘,是一个典型的压陷盆地,周边主要活动断裂带有:龙首山南缘活动断裂带、祁连山北缘活动断裂带、昌马活动断裂带及阿尔金活动断裂带东段。河西走廊南侧是地球物理场和地壳结构骤变带,龙首山南缘活动断裂带和祁连山北缘活动断裂带巨大的逆冲造就了走廊地区巨厚的中新生代沉积,最大厚度超过3500m~4000m,其中第四系沉积物最厚超过1000m.河西走廊及邻区大地形变强烈,更是地震活动带,历史上和现今发生了许多破坏性大地震和众多中小地震。从活动断裂带角度考虑,包括与西气东输管线、兰新铁路和312国道以不同角度斜交的阿尔金断裂带东段(上赤金-宽滩山一带)、嘉峪关断裂带、榆木山断裂带都是现今构造活动性比较强烈的断裂带,它们的活动性包括长期蠕变和瞬间变形,必将对上述工程管线和交通干线的安全性产生影响。      

2000-2015年中蒙俄经济走廊东段冻土时空变化及植被响应

中蒙俄经济走廊东段位于欧亚大陆多年冻土区东南缘及森林线南界接近区,冻土及生态环境脆弱.本文基于MERRA-Land陆面模式离线运行产品分析了中蒙俄经济走廊东段2000-2015年间冻土冻融的时空变化模式,以及冻土变化对返青期和全年不同阶段植被生长状态的影响.研究表明:2000-2015年间研究区多年冻土及季节冻土均持续...     

Aerobic respiration in riparian exchange zones of regulated river corridors

River stage fluctuations drive surface water-groundwater exchanges within river corridors. This study evaluates how repeated daily stage fluctuations, representative of hydropeaking conditions, influence aerobic respiration of river-sourced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the riparian exchange zone using reactive flow and transport simulations. Over 50 hypothetical scenarios were modelled to evaluate how the duration of the daily flood signal, river DOC concentration, aquifer hydraulic conductivity and ambient groundwater flow condition affect the fate and transport of DOC and DO in the riparian aquifer. Time series subsurface snapshots highlight how the various factors influence the subsurface distribution of DOC and DO. The total mass of DOC respired per meter of river had a wide range depending on the parameters, spanning from 1.4 to 71 g over 24-h, with high hydraulic conductivity and losing ambient groundwater flow conditions favouring the largest amount of DOC respired. The ratio of DOC mass entering the riparian zone with the mass returning to the river showed that as little as 5% to as much as 76% of the DOC that enters the bank during stage fluctuations returns to the river. This return ratio is dependent on river DOC concentration, hydraulic conductivity and ambient groundwater flow. The results illustrate that stage variations due to river regulation can be a significant control on aerobic respiration in riparian exchange zones.     

Seasonal variations in energy exchange and evapotranspiration of an oasis-desert ecotone in an arid region

Knowledge of exchanges of energy and water over terrestrial surfaces is the first step towards understand the ecohydrological mechanisms, particularly in water-limited ecosystems in dryland environments. However, patterns of energy exchange and evapotranspiration (ET) are not well understood in the oasis-desert ecotone, which plays an important role in protecting oases against the threat of desertification in arid regions of northwestern China. Here, the continuous measurements of surface energy fluxes were made using eddy covariance in conjunction with auxiliary measurements for 2 years (2014–2015) in an oasis-desert ecotone mainly covered by phreatophyte shrubs Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria tangutorum/sphaerocarpa, and Calligonum mongolicum in arid northwestern China. Based on the collated data for 2 years, statistical analysis on a 30-min time scale indicated that approximately 50% of daytime net radiation (R_n) in the ecotone was dissipated as H on average, and one-third of R_n was consumed by soil heat flux (G). Only 9% of R_n was consumed for latent heat flux (λE), which peaked in summer (21% in 2014 and 16% in 2015), corresponding to the highest rainfall season. Daily mean ET was approximately 1 mm days⁻¹ during the growing season of the shrub species. Accumulated annual ET was 195 and 181 mm in 2014 and 2015, respectively, exceeding the corresponding precipitation (P) by approximately 87 and 77 mm, indicating that groundwater may be another important source of water for ET in the ecotone aside from rainfall. Results within provide valuable insights into the mechanisms responsible for sustaining energy and water balance in the ecotone, a potentially groundwater-dependent ecosystem. These results also offer a foremost ecohydrological implication for water and land resources management and ecotone conservation, such as avoiding heavy groundwater pumping for extensive agricultural irrigation use to sustain groundwater availability for these shrub species in the ecotone.     

近30年来河西走廊湿地变化及其机理初探

应用4个时相的卫星遥感数据,对河西走廊的湿地进行了遥感动态监测。结果表明,河西走廊1973年、1990年、2000年及2006年前后的湿地面积分别为14 132.38 km2、13 299.44 km2、12 519.88 km2和12 312.38 km2,近30 a来减少了12.88%(共1 820.00 km2),动态度为-0.39%。其中,自然湿地资源不断减少,减少速率不断加大,以沼泽湿地减少最为显著;人工湿地面积持续增加,特别是近年来增加迅速,湿地斑块数和斑块密度增加,破碎化程度加大;多样性指数和均匀度指数持续上升,各湿地类型比例差异减小,各类湿地分布趋于均匀。气温、降水、青藏高原隆升等自然因素是河西走廊湿地变化的重要原因,而人类活动加剧了这一变化趋势。     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ABOUT SLIP RATE OF MIDDLE SEGMENT OF THE NORTHERN QILIAN THRUST FAULT ZONE SINCE LATE QUATERNARY

The Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault belongs to the forward thrust fault of the middle segment of northern Qilian Shan overthrust fault zone, and it is also the boundary between the Qilian Shan and Jiudong Basin. Accurately-constrained fault slip rate is crucial for understanding the present-day tectonic deformation mechanism and regional seismic hazard in Tibet plateau. In this paper, we focus on the Shiyangjuan site in the western section of the fault and the Fenglehe site in the middle part of the fault. Combining geomorphic mapping, topographic surveys of the deformed terrace surfaces, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating and radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating methods, we obtained the average vertical slip rate and shortening rate of the fault, which are ~1.1mm/a and 0.9~1.3mm/a, respectively. In addition, decadal GPS velocity profile across the Qilian Shan and Jiudong Basin shows a basin shortening rate of~1.4mm/a, which is consistent with geological shortening rates. Blind fault or other structural deformation in the Jiudong Basin may accommodate part of crustal shortening. Overall crustal shortening rate of the Jiudong Basin accounts for about 1/5 of shortening rate of the Qilian Shan. The seismic activity of the forward thrust zone of Tibetan plateau propagating northeastward is still high.     

Remotely sensed rivers in the Anthropocene: state of the art and prospects

The rivers of the world are undergoing accelerated change in the Anthropocene, and need to be managed at much broader spatial and temporal scales than before. Fluvial remote sensing now offers a technical and methodological framework that can be deployed to monitor the processes at work and to assess the trajectories of rivers in the Anthropocene. In this paper, we review research investigating past, present and future fluvial corridor conditions and processes using remote sensing and we consider emerging challenges facing fluvial and riparian research. We introduce a suite of remote sensing methods designed to diagnose river changes at reach to regional scales. We then focus on identification of channel patterns and acting processes from satellite, airborne or ground acquisitions. These techniques range from grain scales to landform scales, and from real time scales to inter-annual scales. We discuss how remote sensing data can now be coupled to catchment scale models that simulate sediment transfer within connected river networks. We also consider future opportunities in terms of datasets and other resources which are likely to impact river management and monitoring at the global scale. We conclude with a summary of challenges and prospects for remotely sensed rivers in the Anthropocene. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国-中亚-西亚经济走廊贸易投资便利化水平研究

立足“一带一路”倡议总体规划和最终目标,运用主成分分析法,对中国-中亚-西亚经济走廊国家的贸易投资便利化水平进行测度,并依据其贸易投资便利化得分,将沿廊17国划分为风险区、谨慎区、便利区、畅通区四个等级。在此基础上,将中国-中亚-西亚经济走廊划分为三大廊段,并对其贸易投资相关的条件进行详细分析,为出境企业和机构更好地了解沿廊国家贸易投资便利化、参与沿廊经济建设、防范经贸合作风险,推进“一带一路”建设提供参考依据。     

土耳其“中间走廊”倡议:基础、动因及地缘政治影响

土耳其地跨欧亚大陆,具有独特的区位和地缘政治优势。土耳其立足自身需求和交通基础,提出“中间走廊”倡议,旨在欧亚大陆跨国运输和经贸往来中充分发挥枢纽功能,提升区域大国影响力,“中间走廊”倡议对周边地区和国家具有潜在的地缘政治影响。“中间走廊”倡议进一步强化土耳其、阿塞拜疆、格鲁吉亚等国之间的政治联盟关系,存在孤立亚美尼亚嫌疑,对俄罗斯的交通区位优势和地缘政治影响力有一定的冲击;对中亚地区的影响具有多维性,既有积极因素,也有潜在风险。在欧亚大陆互联互通层面,“一带一路”倡议与“中间走廊”倡议存在合作基础,二者战略对接过程中,中国需要根据时局变化,充分认识和评估彼此的战略诉求和利益布局,以及文化和历史差异,求同存异,寻求利益契合点,规避潜在的地缘政治风险。