兴化湾西岸潮间带沉积物岩心放射性核素分布与沉积速率

利用2007年8月31日采集于福建兴化湾西岸的潮间带沉积物岩心样品,用γ谱方法测量了其放射性核素含量,对岩心中核素的分布及其成因进行了讨论,估算了研究区沉积物的沉积速率,探讨了沉积物的物源,结果表明:(1) 238U、228Th、228Ra、226Ra、210Pb、137Cs和40K的含量分别为35.0～60.6、52.6～69.3、49.0～66.5、22.7～36.2、26.3～84.8、0.5～1.3和775～831 Bq/kg;(2) 用238U、226Ra、137Cs和40K作为示踪剂进行物源分析发现,兴化湾潮间带沉积物主要源于邻近的福州和莆田地区的土壤,所占比率分别为54%和46%;(3) 用210Pbex和137Cs方法估算得兴化湾西岸潮间带沉积物的平均沉积速率分别为0.38 cm/a和0.36 cm/a.岩心中210Pbex分布表明,自20世纪末,研究区潮间带沉积速率加快.     

砂岩储层全岩矿物模拟岩心的制作方法研究与评价

主要介绍了砂岩储层全岩矿物模拟岩心的制作原理、制作方法,并对所制作的模拟岩心和天然岩心进行孔隙特性和实验性能对比评价。研究出一种新型环保硅酸盐类复合胶结剂,找出了影响模拟岩心强度和渗透率的主、次因素。确定了模拟岩心的制作方法,制作出具有完好外观且具有天然岩心的成分特性、孔隙特性、渗透特性、敏感特性和实验规律的模拟岩心,可代替天然岩心进行采油工程措施的室内模拟实验,既填补了无天然岩心就无法进行室内实验的空白．又解决了因天然岩心的非均质性导致实验数据重复性差或无可比性的难题。     

河北省变质核杂岩

河北省变质核杂岩形成于中一新生代,围绕华北拗陷盆地呈环带状分布在太行山,燕山地区。分为穹状和长垣状两种。同美国科迪勒拉式变质核杂岩相比,在主拆离断层内缺失巨厚的韧性剪切带。其形成的动力机制包括岩浆底辟、区域大陆伸展和地幔（亚）柱上隆作用。     

赤卫沟金矿池浸生产实践

本文从赤卫沟金矿的矿石性质、矿石加工、池浸方法、金银回收方面,介绍了贫硫化物、金颗粒细微、有一定氧化程度的金矿池浸生产实践。从而推荐一种简便、回收率高、投资少、见效快的提工方法－池浸,以便促进矿业开发工作更快发展。     

YCOⅡ型岩心定向钻具

分析了岩心定向钻具的作用和应用前景,介绍了ＹＣＣ－Ⅱ型岩心室向钻具的工作原理及性能特点,并就其工业性生产应用作了总结与分析。     

外地核中U、Th的分布、核裂变及其对地球动力学的影响

笔者认为地球的外地核中存在大量的生热元素U和Th,它们正是驱动地球内部物质运动、包括板块运动的主要动力。按照地震波资料,地球内部最热的地区在太平洋中部,地磁资料表明地磁中心及相应的热对流中心也向太平洋板块偏离400km,因此U、Th更多地富集在太平洋之下的外地核中。前寒武纪天然核反应堆的发现及行星质量与光度的研究显示,外地核中的U、Th存在周期性核裂变,太平洋热点火山岩及其包体中富集与U、Th核裂变或衰变有密切成因联系的惰性气体也说明了这一点。外地核中的U、Th存在周期性的核裂变可能是地质历史中超静磁带形成的主要原因,也可能是地球上火山活动等地质作用存在节律性及地球膨胀的原因。     

Ostracode stratigraphy and paleoecology from surficial sediments of Lake Tanganyika, Africa

We report here on the first detailed ostracode stratigraphic record to be obtained from late Holocene sediments of Lake Tanganyika. We analyzed four cores, three from the northern lake region and a fourth from a more southern lake locality, that collectively record ostracode assemblages under a variety of disturbance regimes. These cores provide a stratigraphic record of ostracode abundance and diversity, as well as depositional changes over time periods of decades to millennia. We have investigated the fossil ostracodes in these cores by looking at temporal changes of species diversity and population structure for the species present. All four cores provided distinct patterns of ostracode diversity and abundance. BUR-1, a northern lake core obtained close to the Ruisizi River delta, yielded a sparse ostracode record. Karonge #3, another northern core from a site that is closely adjacent to a river delta with high sediment loading, yielded almost no ostracodes. The third core 86-DG-14, taken from a somewhat less disturbed area of the lake, suggests that there have been recent changes in ostracode populations. Through most of the lower portion of this core, ostracode abundance is low and species richness is relatively constant. Above 7 cm there is a marked increase in ostracode abundance and a corresponding decrease in species richness, probably signaling the onset of a major community disturbance, perhaps due to human activities. The southernmost core, 86-DG-32, is from a site that is well removed from influent rivers. Ostracode abundance varies erratically throughout the core, whereas species richness is relatively constant and high throughout the core. The temporal variation evident in ostracode community makeup both within and between the studied cores may be a result of naturally patchy distributions among ostracodes, coupled with local extinctions and recolonizations, or it may reflect inadequate sampling of these high diversity assemblages. In either case, these cores illustrate the potential to obtain high resolution ostracode records from the rich, endemic fauna of Lake Tanganyika that can be used to address questions about the history of community structure and human impacts in this lake.