Postglacial growth history of a French Polynesian barrier reef tract, Tahiti, central Pacific

The internal structure and growth pattern of Tahiti reefs over the last 14 ka is reconstructed using sedimentological, morphological and palaeobiological data coupled with radiometric dates in drill cores through the modern barrier reef. Flooding of the volcaniclastic deposits or the karst surface of a Pleistocene reef started at ≈ 14 ka BP, and coral growth began shortly after inundation. The sequence in the Tahiti barrier-reef edge has formed predominantly through long-term keep-up growth controlled by stable environmental conditions, while the adjacent backreef deposits did not start to accumulate before sea-level stabilization, around 6 ka. The dominance of Porites communities and the coeval occurrence of branching gracile Lithophyllum in the lowermost part of the postglacial reef sequence (14–11 ka) suggest the prevalence of uniformly moderate- to low-energy conditions and/or growth in slightly deeper waters all over the drilled area during the early reef stages. During the last 11 ka, the reef frameworks developed in a high-energy environment, at maximum water depths of 5–6 m, and were dominated by an Acropora robusta/danai–Hydrolithon onkodes association; the local interlayering of other coralgal assemblages (dominated by tabular Acropora or domal Porites ) reflects distinct diversification stages, resulting either from the palaeotopographic control of the substrate or from slight and episodic environmental changes.     

Reef margin collapse, gully formation and filling within the Permian Capitan Reef: Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico, USA

An area of reef margin collapse, gully formation and gully fill sedimentation has been identified and mapped within Left Hand Tunnel, Carlsbad Caverns. It demonstrates that the Capitan Reef did not, at all times, form an unbroken border to the Delaware Basin. Geopetally arranged sediments within cavities from sponge–algal framestones of the reef show that the in situ reef today has a 10° basinwards structural dip. Similar dips in adjacent back-reef sediments, previously considered depositional, probably also have a structural origin. Reoriented geopetal structures have also allowed the identification of a 200-m-wide, 25-m-deep gully within the reef, which has been filled by large (some  >15 m), randomly orientated and, in places, overturned blocks and boulders, surrounded by finer reef rubble, breccias and grainstones. Block supply continued throughout gully filling, implying that spalling of reef blocks was a longer term process and was not a by-product of the formation of the gully. Gully initiation was probably the result of a reef front collapse, with a continued instability of the gully bordering reef facies demonstrated by their incipient brecciation and by faults containing synsedimentary fills. Gully filling probably occurred during reef growth, and younger reef has prograded over the gully fill. Blocks contain truncated former aragonite botryoidal cements, indicating early aragonite growth within the in situ reef. In contrast, former high-magnesian calcite rind cements post-date sedimentation within the gully. The morphology of cavern passages is controlled by reef facies variation, with narrower passages cut into the in situ reef and wider passages within the gully fill. Gully fills may also constitute more permeable zones in the subsurface.     

海南岛的滨海旅游

海南岛位处中国的最面端,为热带季风气候区,地理位置优越,旅游资源特别是滨海旅游资源丰富,阳光、海水、沙滩、绿色、空气等要素齐全,再加上珊瑚礁、红树林等独特的海洋生态系统,为海南进行生态旅游及从观光旅游向观光度假旅游提供了良好的条件。海南建省后旅游业发展迅速,旅游景点和旅游设施逐渐完善,旅游市场不断规范。今后的发展趋势将是生态旅游,特别是在珊瑚礁和红树林区域,将科学考察、探险与休闲结合,在进行旅游的     

南海珊瑚礁硼同位素组成及其环境意义

采用正热电离质谱方法测定了中国南海诸岛７０００ａ以来的珊瑚礁的硼同位素的硼含量。讨论了珊瑚礁中硼同位素 硼含量,Ｐ不管不顾忻代等参数的关系。结果表明,所测定的珊瑚礁硼同位素组成变化范围为２２．７￣２４．８‰,并且与珊瑚 硼含量呈正相关关系。根据硼同位素与海水ＰＨ值的关系计算出过去７０００ａ南海泊ＰＨ值变化８．１０￣８．４１。初步探讨了硼同位素组成与南海海平面变化的关系。     

Early Benthic Organism Colonization on a Caribbean Coral Reef (Barbados, West Indies): a Plate Experimental Approach

Abstract. Macrofaunal colonization was studied using coral plates fixed at 10 m depth on a fringing reef in Barbados, West Indies. Two sites were compared: Spring Garden, a site that is affected by eutrophication, and Six Men's Bay which is relatively free of this effect. Two sets of plates were immersed in winter and spring 1990 at each site and monitored for 28 and 19 weeks, respectively. Green and brown algae colonized first, followed 2 weeks later by ostracods, cumaceans, amphipods and polychaetes: terebellids, nereidids and syllids. Most colonizers either nestled or encrusted. A total of 11 017 invertebrates belonging to 145 species were collected. Polychaetes were the most abundant and diverse zoological group. Considering polychaetes, crustaceans and molluscs, the study sites shared around 75% of the species. Overall, densities were higher on lower (shaded) surfaces while diversities were higher on upper (illuminated) sides. Similarity coefficients and correspondence analysis showed different macrobenthic assemblages and colonization patterns in light and shaded and in polluted and unpolluted sites. Coral plates were associated according to their 'immersion time' and were closely linked to their stage of development. Spring Garden (polluted) presented a higher number of soft-bottom and deposit-feeder species ( e.g. , Capitella capitata ).     

珊瑚的高精度热电离质谱定年和Sr/Ca温度计对古环境研究意义

珊瑚等海底沉积物中留下了过去气候变化的高分辨率记录,利用高分辨中的取样方法和热电离质谱（TIMS）铀系法对其进行测年,可以提取很短时间间隔内的环境参数,进一步证实了海洋珊瑚骨骼的Sr／Ca与海水温度间有很好的相关关系,是恢复古环境的一个有效方法。     

海上退役平台改作鱼礁体的稳定性及流场效应研究

海洋油气平台在达到作业寿命后必须进行废弃处置,将海上退役平台改作人工鱼礁投放,对优化渔业资源、促进海洋经济持续发展具有重要意义。基于平台拆卸结构,共制作了箱状、管状、柱状、网状4种典型鱼礁实物模型,通过室内模拟试验和数值模拟研究,分析了不同鱼礁类型单体的稳定性和流场效应。结果表明：开口率0.1至0.8的箱状礁的稳定性均能满足要求,但开口率高于0.6的箱状礁难以形成连续的背涡流区域,设计时应使开口率低于0.6;管状礁应选择堆叠放置方式投放,且堆叠层数与稳定性和流场造成能力均呈正相关,在设计时尽量提高管状礁的堆叠层数;柱状礁设计时应尽量降低其重心,并减小迎流投影面的中空面积投放;基于平台的钻井架、火炬臂、栈桥设计的3种网状礁,均满足礁体稳定条件,且均能形成大范围的背涡流区域,可作为人工鱼礁投放。研究成果为平台造礁礁体结构设计提供了理论依据与实践基础,对海上退役平台的废弃处置具有一定的参考价值。     

夜光藻赤潮发生视角下平潭岛近岸海域生态安全与旅游经济协同发展评价研究

根据近十年平潭海域生态环境调查资料与旅游经济产业发展数据,结合夜光藻赤潮观测资料,通过构建海洋生态-旅游经济复合系统协同发展评价体系,运用耦合、协同、脱钩评价方法对平潭海洋生态-旅游经济复合系统协同发展水平进行测度评价,从时间层面上分析海洋生态环境安全与旅游经济发展的协同强度和发展态势。研究结果表明：（1） 2009-2019年,平潭旅游经济呈线性上升趋势,而海洋生态系统演化呈较为平缓的波动上升趋势,海洋生态-旅游经济复合系统逐渐向高水平耦合阶段演化;（2）平潭海洋生态-旅游经济复合系统发展在研究期间处于非协同或低协同状态,但发展态势和协同程度有所上升;（3）废水排放入海量、废水中COD排放量、废水中氨氮排放量与平潭旅游经济发展呈较为理想的脱钩状态,废水中的有机污染物排放浓度逐年降低;（4）夜光藻赤潮持续天数与平潭旅游经济增长的脱钩指数波动较大,营养盐水平与夜光藻赤潮发生频次的相关性并不明显。基于以上研究结果,本文提出引入具有协同效应的巨涨落机制等对策建议,以期实现平潭海洋生态-旅游经济复合系统的提质升级。     

我国有居民海岛可持续发展评价研究

海岛具有重要的经济、政治、军事和生态价值,其可持续发展是国内外十分关注的焦点。本文选取我国62个有居民海岛为样本,以海岛发展指数表征海岛社会-经济-生态综合发展水平,以变异系数表征海岛社会-经济-生态协调程度,对我国海岛综合发展水平及分异特征、可持续发展及主要影响因素进行研究。结果显示：（1）综合发展水平处于良好、中等、一般水平的海岛分别占29.0%、33.9%、37.1%;海岛综合发展水平总体为正态分布,呈现出梯度分化态势。（2）海岛经济、生态和社会发展不均衡,海岛社会-经济-生态协调度与综合发展水平表现出正相关,经济发展和生态环境状况落后于社会民生和治理水平。（3）海岛间可持续发展差异较大,乡镇级海岛综合发展水平和可持续发展状况整体好于村级海岛,鼓浪屿、大王家岛、衢山岛、秀山岛、外伶仃岛等10个海岛可持续发展能力强。财政收入和居民收入等经济要素、污水处理等环境保护能力、公共卫生等社会要素和社区管理要素是影响海岛可持续发展的主要影响因素。     

厦门湾瘦枝珊瑚属空间分布及新记录种

厦门湾是一个集河口、红树林、浅海湿地等多种典型生态系统的海湾,生物多样性高,曾报道有28种八放珊瑚栖息,但未见瘦枝珊瑚属(Carijoa)的相关报道。为了解厦门湾内瘦枝珊瑚属资源现状,本研究于2014—2021年期间在厦门湾内的大佰屿、小佰屿、白哈礁、角屿、上屿、黄厝、鼓浪屿、火烧屿、青屿以及浯屿附近海域通过潜水调查采集珊瑚样本,其中有25株是瘦枝珊瑚属样本。对样本进行形态学鉴定及基因片段[细胞色素C氧化酶亚单位Ⅰ(COⅠ)、NADH脱氢酶第二亚基(ND2)]定序技术研究。结果显示,采集的25株瘦枝珊瑚属样本全部都是Carijoa riisei,这是该种在厦门湾的首次记录。C. riisei分布在厦门湾的小佰屿、白哈礁、上屿、角屿、鼓浪屿和火烧屿附近海域,而大佰屿、黄厝、青屿和浯屿站位未见该物种分布。本研究结果既丰富了厦门湾的珊瑚物种记录,也增加了C. riisei的世界地理分布信息,可为全球Carijoa属珊瑚生物地理信息研究提供数据支撑。