南海长棘海星物种有效性探讨

南海长棘海星暴发已严重威胁到该海域珊瑚礁生态系统健康,乃至整个南海生物多样性。针对南海长棘海星拉丁学名混用、中文名不统一的现状,我们采集了中沙群岛济猛暗沙海域长棘海星样品,结合长棘海星此前物种分类和分布的研究结果,对南海长棘海星物种有效性进行探讨。结果表明：所有长棘海星序列明显分为4个类群,各类群间遗传距离范围为0.087 5~0.104 7,达到了种间差异水平。南海长棘海星与长棘海星的太平洋种聚类到一起,实为太阳长棘海星(Acanthaster solaris),与其余3个种存在明显的种间差异。太阳长棘海星中2个支系间的遗传距离为0.005 3,在COⅠ基因层面属于种内差异。南海长棘海星物种有效性的研究结果为后续开展其遗传特征与适应性机制、种群分布与扩散机制、种群暴发机制等内容的研究提供科学依据。     

海南岛热带作物多目标规划模型

本文从海南热带作物生物特性、现实生产结构和地区气候条件出发、对热作种植业进行了模湖区域性划分；在计算构成各区产量基本参数的基础上，应用多目标规划方法，建立了热作结构优化的近期分区模型；并通过近期基础模型和对未来参数的预测，建立了远期灰色规划模型。结果表明，近期方案可提高收益5．1－55．7％，远期方案可提高54－90％，远近期方案均取得了明显的经济效果。     

城市热岛强度的数值试验

本文从大气热力—动力学方程出发,导出形式较为简单的热岛分析解,通过数值试验,讨论了城市热岛强度与影响因子(如平均风速,城市加热量,摩擦效应和大气稳定度等)之间的关系。     

闽东无居民海岛岛群资源与保护性利用研究

阐述了闽东宁德市无居民海岛过境岛等7个海岛所组成的岛群资源的调查结果,首次报道所调查海岛面积与岸线测量结果,描述了这些海岛植被生态特征和海岛开发利用现状,结合海岛开发利用主导方向和社会经济发展需求,分析岛群资源利用的不同方式与布局,评述海岛开发可能带来的生态环境问题.从海岛生态脆弱性出发,提出保护性利用措施与对策.     

THE ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY OF CARIBBEAN ISLAND NATIONS*

ABSTRACT. Within the hazards‐ and disaster‐research community consensus exists as to factors that magnify or attenuate the effects of extreme natural events on local places. But less agreement and understanding exist concerning the methods or techniques for comparing hazard vulnerability within or between places, especially small‐island developing states. Using two Caribbean nations, Saint Vincent and Barbados, as study sites, we asked which island has the greater level of hazard vulnerability, and why. Results indicate that, although neither island has a large portion of its population living in extremely hazardous locations, Barbados has many more residents in risk‐prone areas. The methods used in this research provide valuable tools for local emergency managers in assessing vulnerability, especially through the delineation of highly vulnerable hot spots. They can also help donor organizations interested in vulnerability reduction on islands use their resources more efficiently.     

西琛1井碳酸盐岩的矿物成分、地化特征及地质意义

西沙群岛晚新生代碳酸盐岩是南海形成演化的产物,它的矿物组成、化学成分和Sr同位素组成可以较好地反映其形成时的古海洋环境.西沙群岛西琛1井是南海最深的全取心钻井,揭示3层白云岩和4层石灰岩.其中.白云岩层具有MgO含量高、Sr总量低的特点,同时出现岩盐、赤铁矿和菱锰矿等指相矿物,反映了古海水盐度较高的氧化环境,对应着三个冰期事件;石灰岩层具有MgO含量低、Sr总量高的特点,同时出现菱铁矿和黄铁矿等指相矿物,反映了古海水盐度较低的还原环境,对应着四个间冰期事件.整体上看,西沙群岛晚新生代碳酸盐岩中Sr的总量和87Sr/86Sr自下而上表现为递增趋势,受控于欧亚和印度板块碰撞引起的青藏高原隆升大的构造背景.但又具有明显的分层性,其中,中-上中新统白云岩层Sr含量偏低,而87Sr/86Sr增加趋势明显,与最大一次冰期事件引起的海退和强烈的白云岩化作用有关;上上新统-全新统石灰岩层Sr总量骤增,87Sr/86Sr明显减小,且变化幅度大,与中新世的白云岩化作用和第四纪幔源岩浆强烈喷发有关.     

Hydrologic and geochemical survey of the lake “Specchio di Venere” (Pantelleria island,Southern Italy)

Hydrological and geochemical studies performed on Lake Specchio di Venere on Pantelleria island (Italy) indicate that this endorheic basin has been formed through upwelling of the water table, and that it is continuously fed by the thermal springs situated on its shores. The lake is periodically stratified both thermally and in salinity, albeit this stratification is rather unstable over time, since meteorological events such as strong rain or wind can determine the mixing of its waters. Periodical analyses of the lake water chemistry show large variations of the salt content due to the yearly evaporation-rain dilution cycle. These processes are also responsible for the saline stratification during steady meteorological conditions. The mineralogical characterisation of the bottom sediments shows the almost exclusive presence of neoformation minerals, mainly carbonates, formed in response to the pH gradient between spring- (pH ≈ 6) and lake-waters (pH ≈ 9). Finally, the CO₂ partial pressures in the lake water slightly exceeding the atmospheric one, are due to the large amounts of CO₂ brought to the lake through the bubbling free gas phase of the thermal springs. Nevertheless the high pH value of the lake water, its small volume and its periodical mixing prevent dangerous built up of this gas.     

An analysis of heat index over Naples (Southern Italy) in the context of European heat wave of 2003

Two strong heat waves in the summer of 2003 determined elevated heat discomfort conditions all across the Western Europe. In this context, the analysis of hourly Heat Index values in the city of Naples (Southern Italy) showed prolonged heat discomfort conditions during the second half of June 2003 and from the second half of July 2003 up to the first week of September 2003, resulting in highest mortality rate for persons 75 years or more.     

Natural hazard impacts in small island developing states: A review of current knowledge and future research needs

Small island developing states (or SIDS) are exposed to a large number of natural hazards and many characteristics of small island developing states make them particularly vulnerable to the impacts of natural hazards. In spite of this acknowledged vulnerability, there are relatively few studies which focus on the impacts of natural hazards in these countries. This paper presents a review of our current state of knowledge of impacts in small island developing states and highlights a number of research needs. Central to these is the need to integrate natural hazards research within a sustainable development context and the need to exploit existing procedures such as government coordinated disaster impact assessments to generate a detailed understanding of natural hazards impacts.     

Temporal Geochemical Evolution of Neogene Magmatism in the Baguio Gold–Copper Mining District (Northern Luzon, Philippines)

Baguio, in the Central Cordillera of Northern Luzon, is a district that displays porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization, associated with Early Miocene–Pliocene–Quaternary calc‐alkaline and adakitic intrusions. Systematic sampling, K‐Ar dating, major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic analyses of fresh magmatic rocks indicate three magmatic pulses: an Early Miocene phase (21.2–18.7 Ma), a Middle–Late Miocene phase (15.3–8 Ma) and finally a Pliocene–Quaternary event (3–1 Ma). The first phase emplaced evolved calc‐alkaline magmas, essentially within the Agno Batholith complex, and is thought to be related to the westward‐dipping subduction of the West Philippine Basin. After a quiescence period during which the Kennon limestone was deposited, magmatic activity resumed at 15.3 Ma, in connection with the start of the subduction of the South China Sea along the Manila Trench. It emplaced first petrogenetically related and relatively unradiogenic low‐K calc‐alkaline lavas and intermediate adakites. Temporal geochemical patterns observed from 15.3 to 1 Ma include progressive enrichment in K and other large ion lithophile elements, increase in radiogenic Sr and Pb and corresponding decrease in radiogenic Nd. These features are thought to reflect the progressive addition to the Luzon arc mantle wedge of incompatible elements largely inherited from South China Sea sediments. The origin of the long quiescence period, from 8 to 3 Ma, remains problematic. It might represent a local consequence of the docking of the Zambales ophiolitic terrane to Northern Luzon. Then, magmatic activity resumed at 3 Ma, emplacing chemically diversified rocks ranging from low K to high K and including a large proportion of adakites, especially during the Quaternary (dacitic plugs). The authors tentatively relate this diversity to the development of a slab tear linked with the subduction of the fossil South China Sea ridge beneath the Baguio area.