Anatomy of garnets in a Jurassic granite from the south-eastern margin of the North China Craton: Magma sources and tectonic implications

The Late Jurassic Jingshan granite located at the south-eastern margin of the North China Craton contains abundant garnets which can be subdivided into three types based on texture and composition: (i) euhedral garnet in mafic biotite and garnet rich enclave (Grt I), (ii) coarse-grained garnet (Grt II) in the host granite, and (iii) small euhedral garnet in aplite (Grt III). In general, Grt I has higher FeO, CaO and lower MnO contents than Grt II. Grt III has higher Mn, but lower Ca contents than others. Grt I has lower MREE and HREE contents than Grt II. Grt III has prominent and distinctly negative Eu anomaly as well as higher MREE composition compared to the others. Systematic variations in oxygen isotope compositions are observed among the three garnet types, with δ¹⁸O values of <3.8‰ in most of Grt I, 3.8–4.7‰ in most Grt II (for inclusion-free garnets), and typically >4.7‰ in Grt III. Some of the Grt II and Grt III display two distinct zonings with cores having similar major and trace element compositions to Grt I.Cathodoluminescence (CL) images revealed that the zircons from different garnet-bearing samples possess fine-scale oscillatory zoned magmatic rims with inherited cores. In situ zircon U–Pb dating and trace element analyses show that the dark-luminescent magmatic rims all have Jurassic concordia ages (∼160 Ma) and similar trace element patterns. Most of the inherited cores also display similar Triassic ages of 210–236 Ma, which is similar to the ages of ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks of the Dabie–Sulu orogen (230 Ma). In addition, Jurassic concordia ages were also found in a zircon inclusion in Grt I, implying that the Grt I was formed shortly before the main magmatic event. The age data suggest that the three different garnet types may be genetically related and modified by cogenetic magmatic events.Based on the zircon U–Pb ages from different garnet-bearing samples, the major element, trace element, oxygen isotope, and zoning textures of the three kinds of garnet we suggest that Grt I may be peritectic garnet, whereas Grt II and III are probably the results of magmatic dissolution–precipitation processes and re-equilibration of garnets with changing magmatic conditions during melting, differentiation, crystallization, and cooling within the granite. We conclude from the oxygen isotopic character of the garnets and ages of the zircons that the source rocks for the Jingshan granites are from Dabie–Sulu orogen representing the South China Craton.     

Fluid inclusion evidence for hydrothermal fluid evolution in the Darreh-Zar porphyry copper deposit,Iran

The Darreh-Zar porphyry copper deposit is associated with a quartz monzonitic–granodioritic–porphyritic stock hosted by an Eocene volcanic sedimentary complex in which magmatic hydrothermal fluids were introduced and formed veins and alteration. Within the deepest quartz-rich and chalcopyrite-poor group A veins, LVHS2 inclusions trapped high salinity, high temperature aqueous fluids exsolved directly from a relatively shallow magma (0.5 kbar). These late fluids were enriched in NaCl and reached halite saturation as a result of the low pressure of magma crystallization and fluid exsolution. These fluids extracted Cu from the crystallizing melt and transported it to the hydrothermal system. As a result of ascent, the temperature and pressure of these fluids decreased from 600 to 415 °C, and approximately 500–315 bars. At these conditions, K-feldspar and biotite were stabilized. Type A veins were formed at a depth of ∼1.2 km under conditions of lithostatic pressure and abrupt cooling. Upon cooling and decompressing, the fluid intersected with the liquid–vapor field resulting in separation of immiscible liquid and vapor. This stage was recorded by formation of LVHS1, LVHS3 and VL inclusions. These immiscible fluids formed chalcopyrite–pyrite–quartz veins with sericitic alteration envelopes (B veins) under the lithostatic–hydrostatic pressure regime at temperatures between 415 and 355 °C at 1.3 km below the paleowater table. As the fluids ascended, copper contents decreased and these fluids were diluted by mixing with the low salinity-external fluid. Therefore, pyrite-dominated quartz veins were formed in purely hydrostatic conditions in which pressure decreased from 125 bars to 54 bars and temperature decreased from 355 to 298 °C. During the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution, the composition and P–T regime changed drastically and caused various types of veins and alterations. The abundance of chalcopyrite precipitation in group B veins suggests that boiling and cooling were important factors in copper mineralization in Darreh-Zar.     

江西九瑞地区东雷湾矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床流体包裹体特征及稳定同位素地球化学研究

对位于江西九瑞地区的东雷湾矽卡岩型铜钼金多金属矿床主成矿阶段(石英金属硫化物阶段)石英中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学和显微测温研究。结果表明,与成矿有关的包裹体类型主要有4类,成矿流体的均一温度和盐度主要集中于210~350℃和1%~9%,总体属于高中温、中低盐度流体体系。包裹体的气相成分以H2O和CO2为主,其次有N2、CO、O2,有少量CH4、C2H2;液相成分中,阳离子以Ca2+、K+、Na+为主,含少量Mg2+,阴离子以Cl-、SO2-4为主,含少量NO-3、NO-2,流体属于CO2-H2O-Na Cl-Ca Cl2(KCl)体系,计算所得离子浓度为3.1%~34.5%。氢、氧同位素特征显示,主成矿阶段成矿流体δ18OH2O值为0.93‰~5.20‰,δDV-SMOW值为-81‰~-64‰,表明成矿流体主要为岩浆水,有极少量大气降水混入。矿石硫化物的δ34SV-CDT‰值为-2.2‰~3.4‰,结合铅、铼同位素特征表明,东雷湾矿床的成矿物质主要来源于上地幔,同时有一定量的壳源物质混入。东雷湾矿床为热液交代矽卡岩型矿床,区域褶皱和断裂为成矿岩浆提供运移通道,岩浆侵位发育矽卡岩型岩浆流体系统,并伴随有Cu(Mo、Au等)矿化,最终形成矿床。     

湖南七宝山铜多金属矿床地质特征与找矿方向

浏阳七宝山铜多金属矿床是湖南迄今为止探明铜资源量规模最大的矿床。经过多年的开采,探明的矿产资源日趋枯竭,迫切需要寻找和发现新的矿产资源。通过对矿床特征及成矿条件以及成矿规律的总结和研究,表明该矿床类型以矽卡岩型为主,其次为裂隙充填型、蚀变岩体型及风化淋滤型。成矿明显受地层、构造、岩浆岩控制,与花岗斑岩及石英斑岩成矿关系最为密切。矿化分带现象较明显,以岩体为中心向四周,成矿由高温向中低温变化。岩浆岩、围岩蚀变和物化探异常为区内重要的找矿标志。进而指出,矿区成矿地质条件良好,找矿潜力较大,下步找矿方向应是矿区的深边部及沿东西向断裂延伸方向。     

安徽月山矿田铜、金矿床氢氧同位素地球化学及成矿流体输运-化学反应成矿动力学

本文基于氢氧同位素的地球化学研究，论述了安徽月山矿田两类铜、金矿床成矿流体的来源、演化及成矿流体输运扣化学反应扣成矿作用动力学过程。结论认为。月山矿田金属矿床成矿流体为具复杂演化历史的岩浆水或多成因水的混合，主要成矿阶段成矿热液均以岩浆水占绝对优势，两类矿床是同源岩浆热液系统在不同的地质、地球化学环境下演化的产物，是成矿流体的等温输运反应及温度梯度输运反应等综合作用的结果。     

西沙群岛砗磲壳体碳、锶同位素研究及其对比

本文系统地测定了西沙群岛中双壳类鳞砗碟壳体碳、锶同位素，结果发现鳞砗碟壳体的碳、锶同位素的生长变化曲线表现出明显的周期性，碳同位素受到鳞砗碟新陈代谢作用的影响，幼年时期壳体的δ^13C变化，幅度小于发育期，这主要是由于鳞砗磲体内在幼年期能量的消耗大于发育期。通过与其壳体上的生长纹的对比，碳同位素的周期就是生物年生长周期。锶同位素的周期性主要是由于附近大陆年周期性降雨量的变化所引起的，它不受生物生长作用的影响。     

安徽沙溪斑岩铜矿床中伴生金的赋存状态

矿体赋存于燕山早期形成的石英闪长斑岩及闪长玢岩中。矿石的主要金属矿物有:黄铜矿、黄铁矿、斑铜矿、自然金、银金矿等。黄铁矿、黄铜矿是金的主要载体矿物。通过矿相鉴定、单矿物化学研究、物相分析,电子探针分析、透射电镜分析等,查明了金的赋存状态。显微金呈包体状态包含于黄铜矿之中,粒径为5—20微米。次显微佥呈球状、链状及不规则状分布于黄铁矿晶体边缘及微裂隙中。经探针分析,金的成色为790—850,平均成色为815。经物相分析,金的矿物量为85%—95%,表明金是以矿物态存在。我国玉龙、德兴、多宝山等地的斑岩铜矿都有不同程度金的显示,查明金的富集规律及赋存状态,对于综合开发斑岩铜矿,提高矿床利用价值将会开拓新的前景。     

黑矿型矿床成矿物质来源：日本上向黑矿铼—锇和氦同位素证据

上向黑矿（Uwamuki Kuroko)是日本最典型的黑矿型矿床，它形成于日本岛弧中新世矢折岛弧裂谷环境，产于双峰式岩石组合的长英质火山岩系中。矿床由下部筒状硅矿带和上部块状黑矿带构成，后者显示典型的上黑（黑矿）下黄（黄矿）金属分带。为探索研究长期争议的成矿物质来源，系统测定了矿石和主岩的Os,He同位素组成。含矿流纹岩系的R／RA值介于0．93－1．14间，证实该岩浆可能主要来源于陆壳重熔。上向黑矿的上部块状黑矿矿石具较高的^187Os/^188Os值（2．246－7．608），反映矿石Os主体来源于壳源沉积物或矿区基底岩系；下部脉状－网脉状硅矿、块状黄矿和少量黑矿则具低^187Os/^188Os值（0．423－0．793），证实矿石Os具两源性，估计幔源物质贡献约57％－89％，壳源物质贡献约11％－43％。此外，在上部块状黑矿带内部，矿石 ^187Os/^188O显示清楚的垂向韵律性变化，揭示了成矿流体及成矿物质的周期性混合，据此，本文提出了一个新的两阶段成矿模式。     

鲁西地区中生代碳酸岩类的微量元素和锶、钕同位素组成特征

对鲁西地区早白垩纪的碳酸岩岩体的稀土、微量元素和同位素组成的研究表明 ,鲁西碳酸岩不同于任何沉积成因的灰岩和变质成因的大理岩 ,而与世界典型的幔源碳酸岩具有相似的稀土元素组成 ,说明其为幔源成因 ,碳酸岩极度富集轻稀土元素。鲁西碳酸岩的锶、钕同位素组成表明其地幔源区为具有EMI和EMII端元混合特征的富集地幔。     

渭河平原地下水分布特征与环境同位素研究——以白杨水源地为例

白杨水源地座落在渭河下游重镇——渭南市西北约5km处，为渭河冲积平原的一部分。区内第四纪松散堆积物巨厚，地形平坦，降水充沛，地表水丰富，为地下水储存提供了良好的空间。按含水介质的埋藏条件可划分为潜水、浅层承压水、中层承压水和深层承压水4个含水岩组。为了进一步研究地下水的补给形成机制、储存运移过程、排泄开采条件，本文结合环境同位素（包括14C、13C、3H、D和18O）对水源地地下水年龄、地下水运动速率以及一些水文地质参数进行研究和探讨。而同位素测定表明：水源地潜水为现代水，3H含量较高，河水补给量占1/2