西藏羌塘盆地半岛湖地区索瓦组锶同位素组成与演化

西藏羌塘盆地中生代发育广泛的海相碳酸盐地层,前人对该区地层的对比研究多局限于古生物地层学,本文尝试通过锶同位素地层学方法对上侏罗-下白垩统索瓦组地层进行全球对比。根据锶同位素地层学的基本原理,本文在对样品进行显微组构分析、阴极发光分析、Ca、Si、Sr和Mn等元素含量分析及评估其对同期海水代表性和样品溶解过程合理性的基础上,测试了羌塘盆地半岛湖地区上侏罗-下白垩统锶同位素组成,并建立了相应的演化曲线,进行了全球对比研究。结果表明,样品的锶同位素组成与前人已公布的同期海水锶同位素组成数据较为接近,其演化曲线与国际上已公布的锶同位素演化曲线有着较好的可对比性,晚侏罗-早白垩世时期全球海平面的变化和侵蚀作用的强弱是控制锶同位素演化曲线的主要因素。此外,通过对索瓦组海相碳酸盐锶同位素的研究,我们认为索瓦组的顶部可能延伸到早白垩世欧特里夫期,近而说明了羌塘盆地在早白垩世欧特里夫期还存在大规模的海相地层。     

腕足壳体与碳酸盐岩全岩中碳、氧、锶同位素差异

利用碳酸盐岩中的地球化学信息反演是研究地质历史时期古环境、古气候变化的一种常用手段.上世纪八十年代前,学术界一直将碳酸盐岩全岩样品作为研究对象.近年来,腕足化石壳体引起了科学家的注意,认为相比碳酸盐岩全岩样品,腕足壳体能更为完好地保存原始的地球化学信息.研究通过对比四川龙门山泥盆纪腕足化石和碳酸盐岩全岩样品中碳、氧、锶同位素(黄思静、卢长武等人数据),发现腕足化石中氧同位素明显高于碳酸盐岩全岩;但碳、锶同位素基本一致.上述结果表明:相比腕足化石,碳酸盐岩全岩样品蕴含的地球化学信息虽有所差异,但在大多数情况下,尤其是缺乏腕足化石的时期,碳酸盐岩全岩蕴含的地球化学信息照样可以反演地质历史时期的古环境变化,尤其是碳、锶同位素.     

南祁连化隆地区鲁满山花岗岩的岩石成因:地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素约束

位于南祁连化隆地区的鲁满山花岗岩体,岩石类型主体为黑云二长花岗岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年测得其成岩年龄为(452.9±1.8)Ma,属于加里东期岩浆活动的产物。化学组成上,岩体具有高硅、富碱的特征,属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列。微量和稀土元素组成上,岩体富集大离子亲石元素Rb、U、Th、K和Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、Ta、Nb、P、Ti,具明显轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损特征,显示较强烈的负Eu异常(δEu=0.06~0.55,平均0.31),综合地质地球化学资料指示该岩体应属于高分异的Ⅰ型花岗岩。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示,岩体的εHf(t)为-7.4~0.1,二阶段模式年龄介于1425~1930 Ma,指示成岩过程中应有亏损地幔组分参与,其壳源源区很可能包括化隆岩群。结合区域构造演化,认为鲁满山花岗岩体形成于柴北缘洋壳与中南祁连陆壳俯冲碰撞的地球动力学背景下,由幔源岩浆与其诱发的地壳物质熔融产生的长英质岩浆在地壳深部混合后再经历分异演化形成。     

北京地区地热水氘过量参数特征分析

文章通过80组不同地热田的样品,分析总结了北京地区地热水资源氘过量参数的特征:(1)地热水的平均δ值为5.4,常温地下水的平均d值为6.04,热水的d值与氚值都较低,水岩作用所导致的氧同位素交换比冷水更容易进行;(2)地下热水的氢和氧同位素组成具有明显的热交换趋势,d值随地下水年龄增大而递增,当地热水年龄为(12.76±0.13)ka时,d值为11.2,而当地热水年龄为(38.96±0.63)ka,d值为14.6;(3)在同一地区,d值随着地下水埋深加大而减小,埋深为125.13 m时d值为5.72,埋深为3221 m时,d值为3.03;(4)从补给源到排泄区,地下水的d值应逐渐降低,其中北部补给区平均d值为7.31,北京断陷盆地平均d值为5.68,南部凤河营地区仅为-9.20;补给源区与排泄区水的d的差值越大,地下水的运动速度越慢;(5)当Eh小于200 m V时,北京地区地下热水的d值随着Eh值的降低而减少,如在桐热-7中,氧化还原电位为-326 m V,d值为-9.20,而在TR-43中氧化还原电位为158 m V,d值为7.48;当Eh大于200 m V时,地下热水的d值随着Eh值的降低而增加,但增幅较小。     

峡东埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组稳定碳同位素记录及其年代地层意义

基于峡东秭归青林口、泗溪和宜昌晓峰河埃迪卡拉系下部陡山沱组剖面岩石、层序和精细的碳同位素地层研究,在埃迪卡拉系下部陡山沱组底部、下部、中部、上部和顶部分别识别出5次以灰岩出现或黑色页岩增厚为标志的海侵事件,划分出5个可以进行区域对比的三级层序,自下而上分别命名为BDSS,LDSS,MDSS,UDSS和TDSS。以层序界面为对比标志,峡东埃迪卡拉纪不同古地理部位碳同位素组成变化的对比显示峡东埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组中内部发育5次可以进行区域乃至全球对比的碳同位素负异常,分别是分布在BDSS下部的SN1,LDSS上部的SN2,MDSS上部和顶部的SN3和SN4,以及分布在UDSS上部的SN5。其中SN1和SN4碳同位素负偏离最为明显,最小δ13C分别达到-4‰~-5‰和-9‰~-10‰,分别与Marinoan冰期上覆盖帽白云岩以及Gaskier冰碛沉积上、下地层中的碳同位素组成特点接近。SN4是埃迪卡拉系最晚冰期的产物。与SN1是埃迪卡拉系底界划分对比的标志相对比,SN4的出现应该是埃迪卡拉系内部再划分中另一个不可忽视的界线标志。     

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic ConstraintsOn Petrogenesis of Plagiogranite from the Cuomuqu Ophiolite, Bangong Lake Area, North Tibet

Field observation,geochemical signatures and zircon Hf isotope data indicate that Cuomuqu ophiolite in the Bangonghu area was formed in a back-arc basin(BAB) above a suprasubduction zone(SSZ). Zircon U-Pb dating of the diabase from the Cuomuqu massif yielded an age of 164.3±1.9 Ma,thus indicating that the ophiolite complex was formed in the Middle Jurassic during back-arc extension of the mature Bangonghu-Nujiang Ocean. The zircon εHf(t) and TDMC values of the plagiogranite are similar to the εHf(t) and TDM of the diabase,respectively. The mode of occurrence of plagiogranites and their bulk-rock and Hf isotope characteristics indicate that they were derived from the mantle,associated with the surrounding gabbro and diabase,and were formed by partial melting of altered and hydrated mafic rocks under shear conditions during lateral drifting of the oceanic crust. The zircon U-Pb age of the plagiogranite is 156.4±1.4 Ma,and it is 7.9 Ma younger than the hosting diabase. In this study,zircon chronological and Hf isotopic data were tentatively analyzed to determine the genesis of plagiogranites in the Cuomuqu ophiolite complex.     

In Situ Analyses of Trace Elements,U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes in Zircons from the Tongshankou Granodiorite Porphyry in Southeast Hubei Province,Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt,China

The Tongshankou Cu-Mo deposit, located in southeast Hubei province, is a typical skarn–porphyry type ore deposit closely related to the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry, characterized by a high Sr/Y ratio.Detailed in situ analyses of the trace elements and U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry were performed.Scarcely any inherited zircons were observed, and the analyzed zircons yielded highly concordant results with a weighted mean 206Pb/238 U age of 143.5 ± 0.45 Ma(n=20, mean square weighted deviation was 0.75), which was interpreted to represent the crystallization age of the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry.The chondrite-normalized rare-earth element pattern was characterized by a slope that steeply rises from the light-group rare-earth elements(LREE) to the heavy-group rare-earth elements(HREE) with a positive Ce-anomaly and inconspicuous Eu-anomaly, which was coincident with the pattern of the zircons from the Chuquicamata West porphyry, Chile.The analyzed zircons also had relatively low 176Hf/177 Hf ratios of 0.282526–0.282604.Assuming t=143 Ma, the corresponding calculated initial Hf isotope compositions(εHf(t)) ranged from-5.6 to-2.9.The results of the in situ analysis of trace elements and U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry suggest that a deep-seated process involving a thickened-crust/enriched-mantle interaction may play an important role in the generation of high Sr/Y-ratio magma and potentially in the generation of porphyry Cu-Mo systems.     

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of the Volcanic Host Rocks from the Tongyu VHMS Copper Deposit in the Western North Qinling Orogen and Their Geological Significance

Precise in situ zircon U-Pb dating and Lu–Hf isotopic measurement using an LA-ICP-MS system, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry were conducted on the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu copper deposit on the basis of further understanding of its geological characteristics. Three zircon samples from the volcanic host rocks yielded 206Pb/238 U weighted average ages ranging from 436±4 Ma to 440±5 Ma, which are statistically indistinguishable and coeval with the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab. The volcanic host rocks were products of magmatic differentiation that evolved from basalt to andesite to dacite to rhyolite, forming an integrated tholeiitic island arc volcanic rock suite. The primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns for most samples show characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks, such as relative enrichment of LILE(e.g. Th, U, Pb and La) and depletion of HFSE(e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf). Discrimination diagrams of Ta/Yb vs Th/Yb, Ta vs Th, Yb vs Th/Ta, Ta/Hf vs Th/Hf, Hf/3 vs Th vs Nb/16, La vs La/Nb and Nb vs Nb/Th all suggest that both the volcanic host rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the volcanic rocks from the regional Xieyuguan Group were formed in an island arc environment related to subduction of an oceanic slab. Values of ISr(0.703457 to 0.708218) and εNd(t)(-2 to 5.8) indicate that the source materials of volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the Xieyuguan Group originated from the metasomatised mantle wedge with possible crustal material assimilation. Most of the volcanic rock samples show good agreement with the values of typical island arc volcanic rocks in the ISr-εNd(t) diagram. The involvement of crustal-derived material in the magma of the volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit was also reflected in the zircon εHf(t) values, which range from-3.08 to 10.7, and the existence of inherited ancient xenocrystic zircon cores(2616±39 Ma and 1297±22 Ma). The mineralization of the Tongyu copper deposit shows syn-volcanic characteristics such as layered orebodies interbedded with the volcanic rock strata, thus, the zircon U-Pb age of the volcanic host rocks can approximately represent the mineralization age of the Tongyu copper deposit. Both the Meigou pluton and the volcanic host rocks were formed during the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean when high oxygen fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid released by dehydration of the slab and the overlying sediments fluxed into the mantle wedge, triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge, and activated and extracted Cu and other ore-forming elements. The magma and ore-bearing fluid upwelled and erupted, and consequently formed the island arc volcanic rock suite and the Tongyu VHMS-type copper deposit.     

Characterization of Galena and Vein Paragenesis in the Penjom Gold Mine, Malaysia: Trace Elements, Lead Isotope Study and Relationship to Gold Mineralization Episodes

The Penjom Gold Mine is located 30 km from the Bentong-Raub Suture at the western boundary of the Central Belt in Peninsular Malaysia. Gold mineralization hosted within the vein system is associated with pyrite, arsenopyrite, and minor base metals including galena. Trace element and lead isotope analysis was undertaken on nine samples that represent two stages of galena formed during two tectonic events. Both the Pb isotopes and the trace elements show that the first stage galena within the mineralized areas at the footwall has different geochemical characteristics compared with galena in non mineralized areas in the hanging wall, suggesting that galena crystallized from two different ore fluids and probably at two different times. Higher Te, Se and Bi in the galena from the mineralized area may indicate hydrothermal fluids that migrate through the structural conduit and leached out the metal along the pathway that consist of dominant carbonaceous unit. The Pb isotopic ratio composition are transitional between the bulk crustal growth and an upper crustal growth curve, indicating that derivation was from arc rocks associated with continental crust or a crustal source that includes arc volcanic and old continental sedimentary rocks.     

基于Micromine的赞比亚西北省希富玛铜矿床资源量估算

赞比亚西北省希富玛铜矿床是中矿资源勘探股份有限公司在"走出去"战略背景下取得的一个勘探找矿成果。文章基于Micromine三维矿业软件平台,建立了希富玛铜矿床地质数据库,并对矿体进行了地质解译及圈定,同时结合矿区的一个矿体,介绍了采用距离反比加权法进行资源量估算的原理和流程。