坐标转换精度的分布规律研究

为了得到工程测量中坐标转换精度与公共点分布之间的内在关系,利用误差传播理论,建立了坐标转换精度与公共点信息之间的数学模型.分析该数学模型可得:坐标转换精度是以一点为中心,呈同心圆向外衰减分布.文中给出了相应的圆心坐标及圆半径计算公式.最后,通过算例验证了本文结论的正确性.     

Low-order pressure gradient schemes in sigma coordinate models: The seamount test revisited

This paper revisits the classic seamount test used in numerous previous studies to evidence the sigma errors of the pressure gradient force (PGF) and their long-term effects on circulation. Two kinds of analysis are developed. We first consider the initial PGF errors. Then, the global level of erroneous kinetic energy is computed along a 180-day simulation. The long-term circulation appears to be better correlated to the initial vorticity errors than to the initial error diagnostics.The original feature of this study is to reconsider the currently admitted idea that Density-Jacobian type PGFs perform better than the primitive sigma formulation discretized in a straightforward way (hereafter Straightforward-Primitive PGF). Errors on the discrete hydrostatic pressure are actually closely related to the way the density field is initialized. If a mass conserving method is preferred to a straightforward initialization, the rectangular integral of the Straightforward-Primitive PGF is likely to be more accurate than the trapezoidal rule usually involved in Density-Jacobian PGFs. Errors on the vorticity field of the Straightforward-Primitive PGF depend on the discretization of the hydrostatic correction term. A modified version of the Straightforward-Primitive PGF is shown to be in better agreement with the concept of bottom torque consistency. The seamount tests show that this so-called Modified-Primitive PGF performs globally better than the current low-order Density-Jacobian PGFs.     

基于Kriging算法实现等高线制式转换

地图上等高线的等高距主要有英美制（英尺、码）和公制（米）两种制式,不同制式间的等高线转换,其实质是等高线重构。克里金（Kriging）算法是对空间分布的离散数据进行无偏、线性最优内插估计的一种较理想的插值方法。论述了Kriging算法的基本原理,并以VB＋Surfer为二次开发环境,实现了等高线制式由码至米的转换,分析了该方法应用的主要特点。     

WGS-84坐标系和西安80坐标系转换方法及精度分析——基于新疆兵团C、D级GPS网成果

根据新疆兵团C、D级GPS网中的重合三角点、GPS2000网联合平差点、天文点成果,采用二维高斯平面坐标转换模型和Bursa七参数转换模型,完成WGS-84坐标系与80西安坐标系转换参数的计算与精度分析。     

A non-iterative and non-singular perturbation solution for transforming Cartesian to geodetic coordinates

The Cartesian-to-Geodetic coordinate transformation is re-cast as a minimization algorithm for the height of the Satellite above the reference Earth surface. Optimal necessary conditions are obtained that fix the satellite ground track vector components in the Earth surface. The introduction of an artificial perturbation variable yields a rapidly converging second order power series solution. The initial starting guess for the solution provides 3–4 digits of precision. Convergence of the perturbation series expansion is accelerated by replacing the series solution with a Padé approximation. For satellites with heights < 30,000 km the second-order expansions yields ~mm satellite geodetic height errors and ~10⁻¹² rad errors for the geodetic latitude. No quartic or cubic solutions are required: the algorithm is both non-iterative and non-singular. Only two square root and two arc-tan calculations are required for the entire transformation. The proposed algorithm has been measured to be ~41% faster than the celebrated Bowring method. Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm.     

隧道施工断面快速测量方法

在隧道施工断面测量过程中,在最小投入的前提下,采用极坐标法能够及时为施工提供可靠的测量数据,准确地指导断面施工。而三维坐标段落法,只需测量任意点的三维坐标即可计算其偏差,全面地反映整个段落任意桩号各个点的超欠挖情况。     

深圳区域椭球确定与坐标转换方法研究

提出了单点平移多点调整确定区域椭球的方法,构建了通过GPS水准点确定已知椭球面与似大地水准面之间倾斜关系的数学模型,实现了深圳独立坐标系与空间大地坐标系之间的无精度损失、无多义性转换。     

极坐标测量变形监测网稳定基准点组的检验

分析了全站仪极坐标测量变形监测网的特点,提出了利用坐标转换修正法进行稳定基准点组的检验方法,实现了变形监测网稳定基准点组的检验。     

GPS网中已知点间兼容性检验的探讨

为各项测绘工程建立的GPS控制网都应以一定的已知点作为约束数据进行约束平差,求得网中各点在国家坐标系统或地方独立坐标系统中的坐标成果并得以应用,所以已知点间的兼容性对于保证GPS控制网的整体精度和点位坐标值的正确性非常重要。本文就相关规范的规定提出坐标及边长回归分析法进行已知点间兼容性检验,并使用几种常用的GPS平差软件结合实例进行计算和分析,成功地选定相兼容的已知点;并就实际生产中对已知点的联测和使用提出了建议。     

ARC E00向GML数据格式转换无损性的研究

GML标准被视为空间数据集成和有效地解决异构数据共享的关键技术之一,但对其空间数据转换的无损性尚未能给予高度地重视。本文在分析了GML标准特点的基础上,以E00格式向GML标准转换为例,试图通过对两种数据结构的深入剖析,给出了GML3.1的数据转换模型。文章还对E00到GML3.1的点、线、多边形、投影、Tic、注记、拓扑的转换进行了转换结果的无损性讨论,分别从数据精度和数据段数量统计角度进行比较分析。实验证明,本文提供的数据转换方法具有空间信息转换无损特性,在转换的精度和转换的内容上都保持了不变,能够满足基于GML的多源异构空间数据转换的要求。