关于GeoMedia Professional坐标系统定义问题的探讨

介绍了GeoMedia Professional软件在油田地面工程数字化工作中的应用,并针对设置工作空间、数据库、特征类的坐标系统时容易混淆的问题,及该问题引起的不同数据库之间的坐标系统不一致,以及一个数据库中个别特征类的坐标系统参数不正确的情况进行了分析,同时总结了操作过程中需要注意的问题及解决方法。     

GPS高程拟合中神经网络法的基本思想

高程问题一直是困扰GPS的问题之一,而不同的GPS高程拟合方法都有其适用条件,并且精度不等。本文在对人工神经网络的基本原理、神经元模型、网络结构、数据结构和训练方式等研究的基础上,给出一种新的算法(新BP算法)。以“阜新控制网改造工程”作为一个具体实例,使用Matlab语言来完成GPS高程的拟合,并与其他方法作了比较,最后给出有益的结论。     

无人机机载LiDAR在沿海滩涂大比例尺地形测绘中的应用

以南京市以下长江12.5 m深水航道建设工程中的白茆沙整治建筑物工程的年度监测为例,介绍了利用无人机航摄和机载LiDAR技术进行大比例尺高精度的滩涂地理信息数据采集的关键技术。研究案例表明,采用无人机搭载数码相机和LiDAR联合进行数据采集,在小区域、通行困难地区的高分辨率影像和地面高程数据快速获取方面具有明显优势,为沿海滩涂开发中的工程用图测绘工作提供了一种新的有效快捷的技术手段。     

Greenness Index from Phenocams Performs Well in Linking Climatic Factors and Monitoring Grass Phenology in a Temperate Prairie Ecosystem

Near-surface remote sensing (e.g., digital cameras) has played an important role in capturing plant phenological metrics at either a focal or landscape scale. Exploring the relationship of the digital image-based greenness index (e.g., Gcc, green chromatic coordinate) with that derived from satellites is critical for land surface process research. Moreover, our understanding of how well Gcc time series associate with environmental variables at field stations in North American prairies remains limited. This paper investigated the response of grass Gcc to daily environmental factors in 2018, such as soil moisture (temperature), air temperature, and solar radiation. Thereafter, using a derivative-based phenology extraction method, we evaluated the correspondence between key phenological events (mainly including start, end and length of growing season, and date with maximum greenness value) derived from Gcc, MODIS and VIIRS NDVI (EVI) for the period 2015-2018. The results showed that daily Gcc was in good agreement with ground-level environmental variables. Additionally, multivariate regression analysis identified that the grass growth in the study area was mainly affected by soil temperature and solar radiation, but not by air temperature. High frequency Gcc time series can respond immediately to precipitation events. In the same year, the phenological metrics retrieved from digital cameras and multiple satellites are similar, with spring phenology having a larger relative difference. There are distinct divergences between changing rates in the greenup and senescence stages. Gcc also shows a close relationship with growing degree days (GDD) derived from air temperature. This study evaluated the performance of a digital camera for monitoring vegetation phenological metrics and related climatic factors. This research will enable multiscale modeling of plant phenology and grassland resource management of temperate prairie ecosystems.     

A comparative study of energy performance of hydrostatic seafloor sediment samplers and a new high-efficiency sampler

The hydrostatic energy of high-pressure seawater is a renewable and green energy source for ocean exploration and have been used to replace underwater electrical energy transmission through the cable and underwater battery pack to power seafloor equipment. The advantage of the energy supply method is the cost-effective and the robustness. In the paper, the energy performance of the existing hydrostatic seafloor sediment samplers powered by seawater hydrostatic energy are modelled and analyzed and compared. In view of the common shortcoming of existing technology, a novel hydrostatic seafloor sediment sampler is proposed. The model of energy conversion of the new sampler is built, and its energy performance is obtained. The analysis results indicate that the energy conversion efficiency of the novel sediment sampler is much higher than the existing ones, which means that the new sampler can collect much longer sample with the limited amount of hydrostatic energy. The seawater hydrostatic energy conversion system of the new sampler can also be used to power other seafloor equipment.     

Wave energy conversion under constrained wave-by-wave impedance matching with amplitude and phase-match limits

This paper investigates an approach to limit the fullness of ‘tuning’ provided by wave-by-wave impedance matching control of wave energy devices in irregular waves. A single analytical formulation based on the Lagrange multiplier approach of Evans [1] is used to limit the velocity amplitude while also limiting the closeness of the phase match between velocity and exciting force. The paper studies the effect of the present technique in concurrently limiting the device velocity and the required control/actuation force. Time domain application requires wave-profile prediction, which here is based on a deterministic propagation model. Also examined in the time domain is the effect of possible violation of the displacement constraint, which for many designs implies impacts at hard stops within the power take-off mechanism. Time domain simulations are carried out for a 2-body axisymmetric converter (with physical end-stops) in sea states reported for a site off the US east coast. It is found that the approach leads to effective power conversion in the less energetic sea states, while as desired, considerable muting of the optimal response is found in the larger sea states. Under the assumptions of this work, the end-stop collisions are found to have a minor effect on the power conversion. The present approach could be used to guide the design of power take-off systems so that their displacement stroke, maximum force, and resistive and reactive power limits are well-matched to the achievable performance of a given controlled primary energy converter.     

基于动态极坐标参数化的遥感影像匹配方法

图像匹配作为三维重建至关重要的环节,其精度直接影响了平差优化、正射校正等模块的精度。对于城镇、农场等特征密集型区域,特征距离小,相似性强,易于匹配图像;而针对草地、沙漠等特征不明显区域,特征距离大,如果使用特征点匹配的方法,严格阈值下难以获得足够数量的匹配对,放宽阈值又将引入较多误匹配对,这也是导致稀疏点云不够均匀的原因之一。在此场景下,本文提出了基于动态极坐标参数化的无人机正视影像匹配算法,首先对图像做极坐标参数变化,采用动态策略解决极轴方向采样不均匀的问题,使用最小二乘法对得到的极坐标影像对做位移方向上的匹配,匹配后得到的旋转量和平移量,将该结果和SIFT算法的结果做比较。本文设计了2组实验,即参数已知的解算实验和参数未知的解算实验,且每组实验进行3次。在同等配置的计算机上,对两张7360像素×5400像素,32位的影像,本文方法的位姿解算时间相比SIFT的时间减少约57%,二者求得的位姿差通常小于1%。结论表明二者的结果在精度上表现相当,在时间上明显优于SIFT算法,具有实际的应用价值。     

对流层延迟与可降水量直接转换模型研究

采用线性回归和最小二乘法拟合建立无线电探空可降水量（RS-PWV）与GPS对流层延迟（GPS-ZTD）、地面温度及大气压之间的直接转换模型,并将直接转换模型得到的PWV分别与RS-PWV及GPS反演得到的可降水量（GPS-PWV）进行比较。结果表明,RS-PWV与GPS-ZTD之间存在良好的线性关系,相关系数达0.927 6;RS-PWV与4阶拟合温度和大气压呈现较好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.640 1和－0.626 3;基于ZTD的单阶单因子模型PWV与GPS-PWV的相关系数达到0.969 9;基于ZTD、温度及大气压的单阶多因子模型PWV比基于ZTD的单阶单因子模型PWV精度明显提高,RMS从4.3 mm提高到3.3 mm。     

一种新型鲸鱼式潮流能发电装置的设计与试验研究

为了进一步提高潮流能的利用率,提出了一种新型鲸鱼式潮流能发电装置。借鉴风机叶片设计方法及水平轴水轮机的设计原理,利用结构力学、流体力学和CFD相关方法,对该装置的螺旋桨叶、导流筒和固定桩等部件进行了设计研究,从获能效果、装置可靠性和发电功率等方面进行了优化设计,并通过900 W样机试验验证了设计的有效性。试验结果显示,海流高潮期装置最大发电功率可达到980 W,一天内大约有4个缓潮期,此间发电功率明显下降,但持续时间不长,总体平均发电功率在800 W上下;同时潮流能轮机启动流速在0.41 m/s左右,有着良好的低速启动性能。     

利用椭球变换建立独立坐标系的方法

详细阐述了8种利用椭球变换建立独立坐标系的方法,推导了独立坐标系高程面与椭球面之间的相互关系,进而建立了椭球变换模型,减少了高程归化变形;并通过计算实例对其投影变形值进行分析,以探究不同方法间的特点与差异,得出了一些有益的结论。