滇东南南温河变质核杂岩解析

滇东南的南温河变质核杂岩由变质内核及盖层两部分组成,二者之间以基底剥离断层相分划,该杂岩是扬子地台西缘变质核杂岩带的组成部分。对该变质核杂岩的研究,将对滇东南地区的地壳演化认识及矿田勘查有重要意义。     

基于声发射多重分形特征的层状板岩失稳前兆研究

为探究层状板岩失稳前兆,开展了5组不同层理倾角（0°、30°、45°、60°、90°）板岩的单轴压缩试验,分析了其破坏形态、声发射参数及多重分形特征,讨论了多重分形谱宽Δα与损伤演化的关系,得到了基于多重分形的破坏前兆及预警时间。结果表明：当层理倾角由0°增加到90°时,板岩先由张拉劈裂破坏向劈裂剪切破坏转变,接着变为剪切滑移破坏,最终转变为张拉劈裂破坏;振铃计数突增以及低频-高幅信号比例的持续增加可作为板岩失稳前兆,且层状板岩在裂纹贯通阶段低频-高幅信号占比随层理倾角的增大呈先减后增的变化过程;多重分形谱宽?α先突减再突增也可作为不同层状板岩的失稳前兆,且Δα的突增时间提前于损伤突变,Δα预警时间随层理倾角的增大呈先增后减再增的变化过程,层理倾角为30°时预警时间最长。     

岩心声速垂向变化对古海水进退的指示意义

钻孔岩心声速Cp垂向变化与地质历史中的海进、海退事件有关;南海北部大陆架及东海大陆架的钻孔岩心声速垂向变化曲线,为揭示西太平洋边缘海在更新世以来至少发生过3次海进和3次海退的3次沉积旋回事件提供了佐证。海进时所带来的海相沉积物的声速较低(1450—1510m·s-1),海退时所形成的陆相沉积物的声速较高(1650—1720m·s-1)。     

苏北盆地高邮—金湖凹陷古近系阜宁组细粒沉积岩纹层特征与成因*

深水细粒沉积物不仅可作为烃源岩,也可成为非常规油气的储集层。以苏北盆地高邮—金湖凹陷古近系阜宁组阜二段半深湖—深湖水平层理细粒沉积岩为研究对象,通过高精度厘米级岩心观察描述、薄片鉴定、X射线衍射全岩矿物分析、微量元素测试及扫描电镜等手段,分析了岩石纹层特征并尝试探讨其成因。结果表明: 高邮—金湖凹陷阜宁组二段半深湖—深湖细粒沉积岩岩性复杂,多种物质组分的混合及叠置形成了不同颜色的纹层。水平层理可根据纹层厚度进一步分为薄纹层状和厚纹层状2类沉积构造,两者的宏观与微观结构、物质组成等均存在差异。纹层成因复杂,但主要受形成和保存2个方面因素影响。在纹层形成过程中,各物质组分的产生与沉淀均具有季节性意义;纹层的保存主要与水体深度有关。     

Gas flow in anisotropic claystone: modelling triaxial experiments

Selected gas pulse tests on initially saturated claystone samples under isotropic confinement pressure are simulated using a 3D thermo‐hydro‐mechanical code. The constitutive model considers the hydro‐mechanical anisotropy of argillaceous rocks. A cross‐anisotropic linear elastic law is adopted for the mechanical behaviour. Elements for a proper modelling of gas flow along preferential paths include an embedded fracture permeability model. Rock permeability and its retention curve depend on strains through a fracture aperture. The hydraulic and mechanical behaviours have a common anisotropic structure. Small‐scale heterogeneity is considered to enhance the initiation of flow through preferential paths, following the direction of the bedding planes. The numerical simulations were performed considering two different bedding orientations, parallel and normal to the imposed flow in the test. Simulations are in agreement with recorded upstream and downstream pressures in the tests. The evolution of fluid pressures, degree of saturation, element permeability and stress paths are presented for each case analysed. This information provides a good insight into the mechanisms of gas transport. Different flow patterns are obtained depending on bedding orientation, and the results provide an explanation for the results obtained in the tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

顺倾层状碎裂结构岩质边坡地震动力响应及破坏模式分析

顺倾层状边坡沿软弱带剪切方式破坏是滑坡的主要类型之一。采用块体砌筑斜坡振动台模型,在多维多参数地震动作用下,考虑斜坡不同工况下力学参数弱化的过程,研究了层状碎裂结构岩质边坡的地震动力响应和失稳破坏模式。结果表明：斜坡地震动特性和斜坡地质结构是决定斜坡地震动力稳定性以及破坏模式的决定因素;斜坡水平动力响应具有明显的高程和坡表放大效应,高程对斜坡的垂直动力响应影响较小,地震动放大效应与结构面力学强度、地震波波形、频谱特性等均有一定的关系,正弦波较天然波对坡体放大效应影响更为显著;坡体裂纹依托优势结构面在最弱部位起裂萌生扩展,并向节理面追踪形成蠕滑段和锁固段,节理面强度参数在外界地质营力作用下发生弱化,使潜在滑带出现由后缘向前端搭接贯通的前进式破坏模式和由前端向后缘的后退式破坏模式的分化,滑体也由高位剪出向溃散破坏演变。     

Influence of bedding orientation on the anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity in a well-sorted fluvial sediment

The paper describes a permeameter test method for determination of the hydraulic conductivity(AT) along multi-directions in fluvial sediments with cross beddings.Unlike existing in-situ permeameter methods that determine hydraulic conductivity for submerged streambeds,our method was intended to measure hydraulic conductivity of exposed streambeds or fluvial sediments.The method was applied to the Wei River,Shaanxi Province,Central China for characterization of the anisotropy of K in a well-sorted fluvial sediment.The results illustrated that even in well-sorted sediments,cross-bedding and sediment fabrication(or texture) can lead to varied K values along different measurement directions.The K value was the largest along the dip direction(or the major direction) that is parallel to the orientation of cross bedding and the smallest in the direction perpendicular to the bedding(or the minor direction). The K value in a given direction between the major and minor direction often fell in the range bounded by the K values in the major and minor directions.The anisotropy ratio of K(the ratio of K value between the major and minor directions) in two trenches for this well-sorted fluvial sediment was up to 1.14 to 1.23,respectively.Our results also demonstrated that even for well-sorted sediments,the K values between two sampling points only about 10 cm apart can differ.It is clear that the K distribution strongly correlates to the bedding orientation.     

Simulating the role of tides and sediment characteristics on tidal flat sorting and bedding dynamics

Understanding sediment sorting and bedding dynamics has high value to unravelling the mechanisms underlying geomorphological, geological, ecological and environmental imprints of tidal wetlands and hence to predicting their future changes. Using the Nanhui tidal flat on the Changjiang (Yangtze) Delta, China, as a reference site, this study establishes a schematized morphodynamic model coupling flow, sediment dynamics and bed level change to explore the processes that govern sediment sorting and bedding phenomena. Model results indicate an overall agreement with field data in terms of tidal current velocities, suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs), deposition thicknesses and sedimentary structures. Depending on the variation of tidal current strength, sand-dominated layers (SDLs) and mud-dominated layers (MDLs) tend to form during spring and neap tides, respectively. Thinner tidal couplets are developed during daily scale flood–ebb variations. A larger tidal level variation during a spring–neap tidal cycle, associated with a stronger tidal current variation, favours the formation of SDLs and tidal couplets. A larger boundary sediment supply generally promotes the formation of tidal bedding, though the bedding detail is partially dependent on the SSC composition of different sediment types. Sediment properties, including for example grain size and settling velocity, are also found to influence sediment sorting and bedding characteristics. In particular, finer and coarser sediment respond differently to spring and neap tides. During neap tides, relatively small flow velocities favour the deposition of finer sediment, with limited coarser sediment being transported to the upper tidal flat because of the larger settling velocity. During spring tides, larger flow velocities transport more coarser sediment to the upper tidal flat, accounting for distinct lamination formation. Model results are qualitatively consistent with field observations, but the role of waves, biological processes and alongshore currents needs to be included in further studies to establish a more complete understanding.     

基床的水下爆夯试验研究

分析了水下爆炸夯实基床的基本原理及作用机理，并应用于海南和帮码头基床的爆夯，取得预期的效果，表明基床的水下爆夯法有效，可行，具有广阔的应用前景。     

大榭岛西北海域海底断陷构造

本文依据大榭岛西北海域的测深、浅地层剖面和底质土工试验资料，详细分析了该海域海底地形形态、微地貌状况、浅部地层结构及底质工程性质，发现该海域海底地层断陷构造明显，并圈定了地层断陷的范围，探讨了其形成的原因和发生的时间。