地质调查中手持GPS转换参数的确定

手持GPS在地质矿产调查中常用来测量地质观察点和一般地质工程点点位坐标.本文根据多年的实践经验探讨手持GPS的使用及坐标转换,获取需要的各种测量成果,具有较强的实用性.     

耕地非农化与收入差距关系的实证研究

在已有研究的基础上,引入收入差距因素,以1988-2004年为样本期,选取年内建设占用耕地新增数量和基尼系数两个指标,运用Granger因果分析方法,探讨了两者间的因果关系.结果表明:耕地非农化与收入差距之间存在着双向的因果关系:滞后3期的耕地非农化是收入差距扩大的原因;滞后4期的收入差距扩大又导致了耕地非农化的加快.基于此认识,提出了慎重对待耕地非农化过程、合理分配耕地非农化收益、建立健全社会保障体系等建议,为耕地非农化的调控提供参考.     

黄土高原地区退耕还林还草模式案例研究——以宁夏原州区为例

对地处黄河上游、黄土高原西北部、水土流失严重并以贫困著称的宁夏原州区退耕还林还草模式进行研究。通过与原州区有关部门座谈、6个村的典型调查、偶遇抽样的农户问卷调查,在对调查记录和取得的73份有效问卷进行分析的基础上,总结了该区退耕还林还草的模式、工程实施的现状;分析该区退耕还林（草）工程实施过程中模式选择带来的一些问题;最后,提出了相应建议。旨在对新形势下巩固已经取得的退耕还林还草成果,进一步推进退耕还林还草等生态建设,提供实践方面的案例剖析。     

GPS����λˮ׼

????????????θ?????????GPS????λ??,????????????????????????GPS???????EIGEN-CG03C????????λ?????е?????????????????????GPS????λ???????θ??????????0.5 m???????θ??????????????????????????10 cm?? ????????λ??????????????θ??????????, GPS???????????????????????????θ???????????????GPS????λ??????????????????????     

艾比湖湖面变化对周缘农牧生态系统功能影响

为进一步探讨艾比湖湖面应恢复或保持的面积问题,按照耗散结构理论,对艾比湖周缘农牧生态系统功能受自然辅助能变化影响趋势进行研究.通过调查收集1998-2004年间艾比湖周缘七个农牧生态系统物质投入、产出数据,在数据规范化处理后比较表明:体现农业生态系统功能稳定性的能量产投比率与湖面面积大小变化呈现着明显的正相关关系;提出艾比湖湖面最低应恢复或保持在800 km2以上.为推进应用生态学在生物生产领域的广泛应用,并就研究中遇到的问题提出讨论.     

2005年林甸M_S5.1地震的震源深度

2005年7月25日23点43分在黑龙江省林甸县发生了Ms5.1地震.据黑龙江省地震台网测定,这次地震的震中位置为北纬46°56'、东经124`54'.根据大庆地震台网记录结果,至2005年12月30日24时止,大庆林甸5.1级地震序列共发生余震88次,最大余震为7月25日23时57分ML4.0地震.其中不可定位地震56次,ML0.1-0.9地震1次,ML1.0-1.9地震18次,ML2.0-2.9地震7次,ML3.0-3.9地震4次,ML4.0-4.9地震1次.     

基于成像射线的偏移剖面和速度时深转换评述

深度域地震波速度模型是地震勘探中最重要的参数之一,是获得精确深度域偏移剖面的基础.本文基于成像射线的概念,阐述了时间偏移域和深度域之间的关系,明确了时间偏移后的像点是通过成像射线与深度域的散射点联系起来的.在有横向变速的情况下,时间偏移剖面需要经过时深转换才能真实反映深度域层位,同样,从时间偏移剖面上提取的速度也需要经过时深转换才能得到深度域的速度.与前者不同的是,在速度的时深转换中,不仅速度的位置需要改变,且其数值也需要进行校正.该校正因子有几种等价的描述形式：度规量、速度扩散因子和几何扩散因子.     

A new solution of transient confined–unconfined flow driven by a pumping well

A new solution of transient confined–unconfined flow driven by a pumping well is developed and compared to previous approximate solutions of Moench and Prickett [Moench AF, Prickett TA. Radial flow in an infinite aquifer undergoing conversion from artesian to water table conditions. Water Resour Res 1972;8:494–9] and Hu and Chen [Hu L, Chen C. Analytical methods for transient flow to a well in a confined–unconfined aquifer. Ground Water 2008;46(4):642–6]. The problem is rewritten in dimensionless form with the Boltzmann transform. The nonlinear equation for flow in the unconfined zone is solved with the Runge–Kutta method. Position of the conversion interface is determined with an iteration scheme. This study shows that the confined–unconfined flow depends on three dimensionless parameters that represent the confined–unconfined storativity ratio (a_D), the ratio of the initial hydraulic head over the aquifer thickness (f_i), and the dimensionless pumping rate (q_D). The rate of expansion of the unconfined zone increases with q_D, but decreases with a_D and f_i. Differences between the two previous approximate solutions and the new solution of this study are observable in the estimated position of the conversion interface and the drawdown–time curves. The new solution can be applied to estimate the time for confined–unconfined conversion to occur (critical conversion time), and the time when the pumping well becomes dry (critical drying time). The critical conversion time is found to be very sensitive to the initial hydraulic head. The critical drying time is often much larger than the critical conversion time and may never be observed during a finite pumping period.     

Discussion on the Relationship between Different Earthquake Magnitude Scales and the Effect of Seismic Station Sites on Magnitude Estimation

Based on the earthquake catalog reported by the Chinese digital seismic network in recent years, we select the earthquakes with both surface wave magnitude and local magnitude and fit them into a relationship between the two magnitudes. The systematic difference is found from the formula which has been used for 30 years. Because of a large dynamic range and wide frequency range of the current digital observation system, in addition to a larger number of stations and earthquakes being used compared to before, the relation obtained in this paper seems more reliable. Our calculation shows that there is no significant difference before and after magnitude conversion so we suggest the abandonment of magnitude conversion. The site response of a station consists of amplification at different frequencies. The amplification is equal to about 1 and changes little with frequency at stations located on basement rock, and it is greater than 1 at low frequency ranges and less than 1 at high frequency ranges at stations located on sediment layers. The difference between magnitudes from single station located on sediment layer and the average magnitude from the whole network increases from negative to positive with period. It seems that there is no fixed station correction factor and the station correction method does not work to improve the accuracy and magnitude estimates.     

两系法杂交稻65396在我国一季稻区的制种播差期决策

以具有超高产水平的两系杂交稻 6 5 396 (培矮 6 4 s× E32 )为研究对象 ,在分析母本不育系培矮 6 4 s用作单季稻区域制种时的稳定不育期的季节和持续期的基础上 ,用生育期模型分析了培矮 6 4 s与 E32在南方一季稻区制种时的播差期及其变化规律。研究得到的两系法杂交稻制种技术的气象学方法可供其他熟制地区应用。