Inter-manufacturer Difference and Temperature Dependency of the Fall-Rate of T-5 Expendable Bathythermograph

The fall-rate of the T-5 expendable bathythermograph (XBT) produced by Tsurumi Seiki (TSK) Co., Ltd and that by Sippican Inc., are intercompared by a series of contemporaneous and colocated measurements with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profilers. It is confirmed that the fall-rates of the two manufacturers' T-5 differ by about 5 percent, despite the fact that they had been believed to be identical for many years. The cause of the difference is discussed on the basis of a detailed cross-examination of the two T-5 models. It is found for the first time that the two models are different in several respects. The manufacturer's fall-rate equation is only applicable to the Sippican T-5, for which Boyd and Linzell's (1993) equation seems to be slightly more accurate. Kizu et al.'s (2005) equation gives a clearly less biased depth than the manufacturers' equation for the TSK T-5. It is also found that the fall-rates of both T-5 models are dependent on water temperature, perhaps because of viscosity. The temperature-dependency of the fall-rate of the TSK T-5 is larger than that of the Sippican T-5.     

矿区工程测量长度变形问题的处理

结合新疆煤矿矿山井巷工程,主要介绍了井巷施工测量长度变形问题的处理,抵偿高程面的选择、测量控制点坐标的归算,使实际测量长度与国家控制点反算长度之差在规定的误差范围内.     

基于组件技术的GIS数据格式转换研究

多源数据格式之间的转换是目前GIS深入应用遇到的重要问题,本文探讨了不同GIS数据之间的转换问题,提出了以组件技术为基础的数据转换自定义接口开发的思路,保证了数据转换的完整性和安全性,优化了GIS数据从制作到发布的流程。并以MapGIS和GeoMed ia为实例叙述了数据转换实施的过程。     

GIS空间数据转换为DXF格式的方法研究

G IS空间数据具有多源性的特征,为数据综合利用和数据共享带来不便,解决多格式数据源集成一直是近年来G IS应用系统开发中需要解决的重要问题[5]。DXF格式作为一种空间数据转换的事实上的标准,对于G IS软件来说,实现两者的数据转换具有重要意义。本文分析了G IS空间数据与AutoCAD数据模型的组织特征,在比较分析的基础上设计了转换方案,并就实现过程中的关键技术进行了论述。     

Receiver functions in northeast China - implications for slab penetration into the lower mantle in northwest Pacific subduction zone

Seismic studies of the subducting lithosphere and the upper mantle discontinuities in the northwest Pacific subduction zone beneath Japan and northeast China have suggested contrary subduction scenarios. There was little consensus on the issue whether the subducting slab penetrates the upper mantle discontinuities into the lower mantle or it is deflected atop of the 660-km discontinuity over several hundred kilometers. We calculate receiver functions from a recent seismic broadband station network located in northeast China and find topographic variations of the upper mantle discontinuities. A deeper-than-normal 660-km discontinuity is observed over an area of 400 km and it coincides with the stagnant slab imaged by seismic tomography. The 660-km discontinuity is locally depressed by more than 35 km and the transition zone is thickened by more than 20 km in the east of the region where it encounters the slab. These observations provide evidence of the slab accumulating in the mantle transition zone and locally penetrating into the lower mantle.     

瑞利波勘探的波长解释法新探

从理论上探讨了瑞利波勘探中波长与深度的内在依托关系,计算了不同泊松比时瑞利波质点运动椭圆轨迹的椭圆率随单位波长深度的关系曲线;通过大量的正演模型计算,探索了瑞利波波长与对应探测深度之间的转换关系问题。     

经纬仪工业测量系统直接坐标传递后的点位坐标及精度分析

对经纬仪工业测量系统应用于亚毫米级的大型工件的测量 ,提出了一种快速坐标转换的方法。利用定向参数作为坐标转换参数 ,导出了在统一坐标系下点位坐标的计算公式 ,并对转换后的坐标进行了精度分析。     

应力波在平台-桩系统中传播的实验研究

分析了应力波在平台－桩系统中的传播图案。对有限尺寸的平台来说，应力波在平台边界面上会发生反射，反射波不仅有同类波同时还有转换波，除此之外，平台表面的响应还受桩及桩土相互作用的影响。除非桩身反射波走时较长，可以避开平台上的各种干扰波，否则，由平台实测波形特征来分析平台下桩的完整性是很困难的。通过对平台上完整桩实测波形与异常桩波形进行比较，可以提高波形识别的准确度，此外，根据桩侧面测点及平台表面测点走时，相位、幅值间关系，将两者信号进行比较，可以从复杂的信号中辨别出桩身反射波信号。     

Conversion of sedimentary fatty acids from extractable (unbound + bound) to tightly bound form during mild heating

Prolonged heating (1–248 days) of a recent sediment was conducted under mild conditions (65 and 83°C) to understand the thermal behavior of extractable (unbound and bound) fatty acids (C_12C32). In the course of the heating, the concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids first decreased, and then increased. This indicates that extractable fatty acids can be converted to a tightly bound form upon heating, before fatty acids are extensively released from sediment matrices. Changes in molecular distributions of extractable fatty acids upon heating were also observed. The higher molecular weight fatty acids (?C₂₀) are more likely to become tightly bound than are lower molecular weight (<C₂₀). Monounsaturated fatty acids (C_16:1 and C_18:1) are more easily converted to the tightly bound form than polyunsaturated fatty acids (C_18:2 and C_18:3). These differences probably reflect their mode of occurrence in sediments, which are closely related to their origin.     

三维地震勘探技术在潞安矿区的应用

潞安矿区属黄土丘陵地貌,浅层地震地质条件较好,但由于矿区内村庄、工业矿区等地面建筑较多,严重影响数据采集质量。目前潞安矿区三维地震勘探存在的主要问题为：小构造遗漏较多,特别是5m以下的断层和20m以下的陷落柱;陷落柱的解释误差较大,影响巷道及工作面布置;时深转换不准确,煤层底板等高线出入较大;第四系厚度不准。虽然受测区地震地质条件和技术限制存在多解性和误差,但就潞安矿区已开展的三维地震勘探来看,采区三维地震勘探是潞安矿区精细化地质勘查的必要手段,其在煤矿生产的合理设计、采区的合理划分及巷道、工作面的合理布置等方面发挥了重要作用。