NW断裂构造──鹅公山火山盆地铀矿成矿的关键要素

鹅公山火山盆地受郯庐断裂系影响，ＮＷ断裂构造尤为特色：张扭性，倾向ＮＥ，右行下滑，对盆地中３个铀矿床及绝大多数铀矿（化）点具明显控制作用，是铀矿成矿的关键要素。研究ＮＷ断裂对在鹅公山火山盆地及其它地区找矿都具有实际意义。     

试论矿产勘查中人的决定性因素

矿产勘查是一项系统工程，由多种因素构成，要想获得尽可能高的矿产勘查成果，仅依靠先进的成矿理论和找矿方法是不够的，还需注重掌握先进成矿理论与方法的管理人员的作用，在地勘行业调整与改革的现阶段，强调矿产勘查系统中人的决写性因素，认识人在矿产勘查中的地位与作用，提高勘查人员的素质，对调整，稳定发展地勘队伍具有一定的现实意义。     

我国主要金矿类型中黄铁矿"电子-空穴心"特征及影响因素

通过对我国主要金矿类型中黄铁矿导电类型的分析表明，黄铁矿“电子。空穴心”与金矿床的成因类型具有密切的联系，华北地台太古代变基性火山岩中的金矿床(绿岩带型)、热水淋滤型(卡林型)金矿床，黄铁矿多为单一的“电子心”型导电。大多数产于中生代岩体中的中深脉状金矿、火山次火山岩中的金矿床，黄铁矿为“电子心”、“空穴心”混合型导电，个别的为单一的“空穴心”导电。黄铁矿的“电子．空穴心”受杂质成分As、Co、Nl在成矿背景中的丰度，进入黄铁矿品格中的替代能力的差异、补偿类质同象现象、成矿时温度以及．f(S2)等多种因素的耦合制约。     

乌拉苔草光合速率日变化及日同化量

乌拉苔草沼泽是长白山沟谷湿地的重要类型 ,对其光合速率研究的结果表明 ,乌拉苔草光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线 ,最高峰出现在 1 0时 ,最大值是 1 8.0 7μmol(CO2 ) / (m2 ·s) ;与其该群落伴生的修氏苔草光合速率日变化出现“午休”现象。影响光合速率最大的环境因素是光量子通量密度和叶温 ,呈极显著的正相关 ,其他因素亦多呈正相关 ,环境因子综合影响了乌拉苔草的光合日进程。乌拉苔草光合作用的日总同化量为 1 896 0 1 .2 μmol(CO2 ) /m2 ,是光合能力较强的一种沼泽植物     

Chemical forms of heavy metal contaminants in sediments of Miyun reservoir

The chemical forms, spatial distribution and sources of As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn in sediments of the Miyun reservoir were studied. The results of sequential extraction demonstrate that most of As, Pb and Zn were bound to the residual fraction, Hg was associated with the sulfide fraction while Cd was associated with the carbonate fraction and the residual fraction. On the vertical profiles the concentrations of the heavy metals in total and each fractions mostly decreased with increasing depths in sediments, suggesting that the heavy metals input from the upstream watershed increases yearly. Summation of the residual fraction, the sulfide fraction and the carbonate fraction accounts for 60.03%―85.60% of the total heavy metal contents in the sediments, which represent the geochemical background values of the elements and relate closely to soil erosion. Results of the main factor analysis show that most sediments of the reservoir come from the upstream soil erosion, the point source pollution and domestic waste. Moreover, the microbial activities taking place on the sediment-water interface are also one of the major factors to cause the increasing content of the organic matter fraction and the iron-manganese oxide fraction. Environmental change of the reservoir water could make the removability of the heavy metals increase, leading to the increase of their concentrations in pore water in sediments, and imperiling water quality of the reservoir.     

Morphological and microtectonic analysis of Quaternary deformation from Puná and Santa Clara Islands, Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador (South America)

This paper presents the neotectonic study of Santa Clara and Puná Islands sited in the Gulf of Guayaquil eastern part. Both islands are located on the south-western segment of the fault zone bounding to the east the North Andean Block. Fault motion and morphostructural analysis were carried out from Pleistocene age terrain. A two step deformation characterises the South Puná tectonics. The first step involves the Zambapala Cordillera uplift that post-dates Pleistocene sediments and pre-dates a marine terrace correlated with the M.I.S. 11 or 13 (440–550 ka). The second step is the formation of a pull-apart that shows evidence of 2.9 km dextral offset since the M.I.S. 11 or 13, giving an offset mean rate of 5.3 to 6.6 mm/yr. This rate is higher than the one calculated on the Pallatanga Fault northeast of the study area, in the Western Andean Cordillera, suggesting that deformation is split in different fault segments from the Gulf of Guayaquil to the continent. The Zambapala Cordillera uplift and transpression deformation requires a compressive event that may have been induced by the subduction process during the early Pleistocene.     

基于SHAP值机器学习的江西暖季暴雨预报因子重要性分析

机器学习模型（Machine Learning,ML）的不可解释性给其在气象业务中的应用带来了挑战。模型解释和可视化是解决这一问题的有效途径。文中将SHAP值应用于天气预报ML模型解释,研究了江西省暖季暴雨模型的预报因子对预报结果的影响。分别选取2016—2020年、2021—2022年4—9月ECWMF（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts）高分辨率数值模式物理量及国家站降水观测数据进行XGBoost 建模与模型解释。结果表明,全局重要性排名前4位依次是总降水（重要性42.70%）、850 hPa比湿（重要性11.17%）、925 hPa相对湿度（重要性10.44%）、500 hPa相对湿度（重要性 9.16%）。个例分析表明,命中个例中高重要性物理因子在暴雨区的 SHAP 值较大,漏报（空报）个例在漏报（空报）区域高重要性物理因子的SHAP值偏小（偏大）。SHAP值从全局和局部可定量给出ML模型有物理意义的解释,解释结果与天气学原理和业务经验较一致,有利于ML在气象业务中的深入应用。     

滑坡稳定性分析与安全系数取值研究

在地质灾害中,滑坡灾害分布最广、发生频率最高、危害最大,是我国地质灾害防治的主要对象。滑坡研究的主要任务之一是稳定性分析。论文针对三板溪水电站进水口滑坡和水布垭水电站大岩淌滑坡,分别采用刚体极限平衡法、块体单元法、有限单元法对稳定安全系数和条间推力分布曲线进行分析和比较,研究各种方法的差异和计算精度,以及各种方法稳定安全系数的取值标准,希望为水利水电工程边坡设计规范有关有限单元法、块体单元法条目的编写和相应的允许安全系数取值标准的制定提供一定的参考。研究结果表明:①块体单元法计算的安全系数与刚体极限平衡法计算的安全系数可以采用相同的取值标准,而有限单元法计算的安全系数取值标准可适当降低;②块体单元法计算的条间水平推力、条间剪切力与刚体极限平衡法(尤其是Sarma法)计算的条间水平推力、条间剪切力非常相近,有限单元法计算的条间水平推力、条间剪切力较小;③分析方法、力学模型与参数取值应与安全系数取值标准相匹配。