双向地震波作用下巨子型有控结构建筑的隔震设计

为了增强巨子型有控结构建筑的动力特性,提升其稳定性,设计双向地震波作用下建筑有控结构。采用3种磁流变阻尼器(MRD)与滑移隔震混合控制结构构成单体建筑有控结构,其包括巨结构和子结构,并建立该有控结构的动力分析模型。在动力分析模型中输入水平和竖向地震,得到模型的竖向和水平滑动状态运动微分方程,依据这两个方程采用自适应模糊神经网络优化动力分析模型,构建优化模型。从优化模型出发,通过实例实验分析得出,优化设计双向地震波作用下建筑有控结构时,在其上部结构层间和隔离层各安装一个MRD,可确保优化设计后的有控结构在不同双向地震工况下的地震反应控制效果最佳,且有控结构在双向地震工况2下,结构第一层、中间三层以及顶层的加速度和位移的时程曲线走向一致,且差距微小;同时有控结构的巨结构顶层侧移响应随着子结构刚度增加而提高,动力特性没有明显的变化,子结构随着其自身刚度增加顶层侧移响应表现稳定,子结构动力特性增强。     

Damping identification of a full‐scale passively controlled five‐story steel building structure

A series of large‐scale dynamic tests was conducted on a passively controlled five‐story steel building on the E‐Defense shaking table facility in Japan to accumulate knowledge of realistic seismic behavior of passively controlled structures. The specimen was tested by repeatedly inserting and replacing each of four damper types, that is, the buckling restrained braces, viscous dampers, oil dampers, and viscoelastic dampers. Finally, the bare steel moment frame was tested after removing all dampers. A variety of excitations was applied to the specimen, including white noise, various levels of seismic motion, and shaker excitation. System identification was implemented to extract dynamic properties of the specimen from the recorded floor acceleration data. Damping characteristics of the specimen were identified. In addition, simplified estimations of the supplemental damping ratios provided by added dampers were presented to provide insight into understanding the damping characteristics of the specimen. It is shown that damping ratios for the specimen equipped with velocity‐dependent dampers decreased obviously with the increasing order of modes, exhibiting frequency dependency. Damping ratios for the specimen equipped with oil and viscoelastic dampers remained constant regardless of vibration amplitudes, whereas those for the specimen equipped with viscous dampers increased obviously with an increase in vibration amplitudes because of the viscosity nonlinearity of the dampers. In very small‐amplitude vibrations, viscous and oil dampers provided much lower supplemental damping than the standard, whereas viscoelastic dampers could be very efficient. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

盐下构造速度建模与逆时偏移成像研究及应用

盐丘速度建模及成像是盐下油气藏勘探有关技术瓶颈问题.盐下构造由于盐丘速度与围岩地层差异大,且厚度横向变化大,造成地震波场复杂及时间域构造畸变.针对H区复杂盐丘的地质特征,通过技术创新重新认识盐下油气藏.针对盐丘速度建模的难点,提出了"多信息约束层控实体建模技术",采用序贯高斯模拟及克里金趋势约束速度反演方法,较好解决了盐下速度异常问题,大大提高了速度建模的精度;针对盐下复杂构造成像, 基于有限差分方法研究了精确且高效的差分格式逆时波场外推算法.基于GPU/CPU协同平台,将波场延拓通过GPU实现.采用逆时偏移深度域成像技术,使高角度反射界面、甚至超过90°盐丘侧翼界面的反射波精确成像.通过盐丘理论模型试算验证算法及方法的正确性.上述方法解决了盐丘速度建模精度问题、盐丘侧翼的回转构造成像问题,实现了对盐丘边界及盐丘侧翼的准确归位.消除了速度异常造成的时间域构造畸变,使盐下地层在深度域能够准确成像.     

Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Improving Air Quality Perception

Energy‐efficient ventilation strategies relating to good indoor air quality (IAQ) are a major task for building performance according to the requirements set by the energy performance of buildings directive (EPBD) in 2010. Applying demand‐controlled ventilation (DCV) in buildings, using sensors for IAQ control that enables variable airflow rates adapted to the actual indoor load conditions is one possibility to fulfill the requirements of adequate IAQ while reducing the energy consumption at the same time. CO₂ concentrations above outdoors are generally used as an indicator for occupancy generated indoor air pollution and corresponding ventilation rates. The objective of this study is focused on a micromachined metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor module developed for IAQ control, based on volatile organic compound (VOC) detection. The sensor output was correlated with measured CO₂ concentrations and quantified VOCs in 15 field scenarios. Energy demand and IAQ, applying the sensor module for DCV in an office, were compared to natural and time‐scheduled ventilation in the office. The study accentuates the need for DCV and proves the functionality of the sensor module for IAQ control at adequate comfort levels. Compared to time‐scheduled ventilation, 15% heating energy and 70% power consumption were saved with DCV.     

逆断层对致密岩石构造裂缝发育的约束控制

致密岩石(如火山岩和碳酸盐岩)可广泛发育构造裂缝,这类致密岩石的构造裂缝数值建模是构造裂缝地震解释、地震反演和油藏数值模拟的基础.我国西北各盆地普遍发育逆断层,通过在新疆巴楚地区微波塔逆断层和一间房逆断层分别布置实测剖面对野外测量的构造裂缝面密度进行定量分析,发现受逆断层控制的裂缝面密度与逆断层面的曲率呈线性关系;裂缝面密度与地层层面的曲率亦呈线性关系;发现距断裂越远裂缝面密度越低,并存在一个裂缝密度骤减的范围,这个范围内为"断裂控制裂缝带", 这个"断裂控制裂缝带"可能与断裂的性质、规模和断距等因素密切相关,这个带的认识为构造裂缝的地震解释、地震反演和油藏数值模拟提供了重要参数.     

我国煤储盖层的成因类型、时空展布及控气特征

基于含煤岩系沉积研究的最新成果，将我国煤储盖层划分为浅海－障壁海岸、浅海－无障壁海岸、三角洲、河流、湖泊和冲积扇六种基本成因类型，并探讨其时空展布规律和对煤层气资源赋存的影响，指出碎屑海岸和三角洲型有利于煤层气的保存。     

新疆马庄山金矿控矿地质条件及其成因浅析

华力西期次火山活动及同熔岩浆侵入活动为马庄山金矿提供了中低温含金热液，前寒武纪结晶基底，石炭系白山组英安质凝灰岩及石英斑岩（次火山岩）为矿源层，横贯矿区的两条北东主干断裂（Ｆ３１２，Ｆ３１３）为导矿构造，次火山岩内张性断裂及主干断裂派生的张扭性断裂为主要容矿，控矿构造，今后找矿工作中应侧重深部找矿。     

贵州万人洞金矿电性特征及金矿找矿规律研究

为探索万人洞金矿与物探电性特征之间的规律,拓宽万人洞金矿找矿思路,通过介绍万人洞金矿区地质、物性特征及可控源音频大地电磁测深法(controlled source audio magnetotelluric method,CSAMT)工作原理,利用CSAMT及物性测量方法,对万人洞金矿区电性结构特征进行综合研究,查明了研究区与金矿相关的地质体、构造、矿化蚀变等空间分布特征,总结出金矿物探找矿规律: 金矿产出部位位于物探低阻异常带,或高、低阻过渡渐变带上,经后期钻孔验证,方法有效可靠。研究成果为万人洞金矿区或相关矿区金矿找矿提供物探方案。     

综合物探方法在滨海县月亮湾地热资源勘查中的应用

采用可控源音频大地电磁法和广域电磁法在江苏省滨海县月亮湾进行地热资源勘查,对可控源音频大地电磁法数据进行近场和过渡场曲线辅助校正和反演约束,获得滨海港地下地热资源电性结构信息,同时采用微动探测方法获得地下几何结构信息。综合分析3种地球物理资料进行解释结果,获得研究区地热模型,确定异常位置,随后钻井深度2 919 m,出水量2 171 m3/d,水温51 ℃,综合物探成果与地质及地热井资料高度吻合,说明运用综合物探方法进行地热勘查,提高了勘探结果的可靠性。     

Mechanism of tracer blasting

Summary A variety of overbreak control techniques are used during excavation with the drill and blast system. Tracer blasting is used in Canadian underground mines to minimize blast damage and involves placing a low-strength detonating cord along the length of a blast hole prior to charging with ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO). The results of tracer blasting are not always consistent and its mechanism is only hazily comprehended. In the absence of a clearly defined mechanism, it is difficult to analyse the results of tracer blasting and to identify the factors responsible for the inconsistency of results.A series of bench blasts and pipe tests were carried out to investigate the mechanism of tracer blasting. The evidence indicated partial deflagration and desensitization of ANFO, thus reducing the total available explosive energy. The rock mass surrounding the traced blasthole experienced a low level of ground vibrations. As a result of the continuous side initiation of ANFO, energy partitioning was more in favour of gas energy. A mechanism of tracer blasting has been proposed and the factors responsible for the inconsistency of the results have been identified in this paper.