可配置地质环境评价系统研究与应用

地质环境评价是掌握地质环境时空格局、变化趋势,开展地质环境防治保护管理工作的必要前提和重要手段。根据不同的应用目的,地质环境评价需采用不同的指标体系和数据,而且随着地质环境业务的发展,指标体系和数据也会不断扩展和变化。为了适应地质环境评价发展的需要,本文提出并研发了可配置的地质环境评价系统,该系统围绕地质环境评价核心过程,通过配置层可以对地质环境评价指标因子及权重、指标数据源及获取方法、指标评价计算方法,以及指标分级标准与空间可视化方法等多个环节进行灵活设置。与传统的地质环境评价软件相比,可避免地质环境评价指标或数据源发生变化时,需要重新进行软件编码、重新组织数据库等问题。唐山市应用实践表明,该系统具有良好的可配置能力、扩展性和应用性。     

河南煤田地质发展与管理问题的思考

河南省煤田地质局是拥有辉煌历史的国家级地质功勋队伍,近几年来在资源贡献、生产规模、经济总量、资产增值、产业跨度、装备提升、技术创新、改革管理、基地建设、职工收益等方面作出了巨大成绩,取得了许多宝贵的经验。面对新的形势,为贯彻落实科学发展,提出了“一业为主,关联多元”,“五个转变”的新思路,即定位于煤炭地质勘探主业,发展相关联产业,着力培育新的经济增长点,努力实现向社会地质、矿井地质、多矿种地质、服务性地质工作及国际地质市场的转变。为此应首先瞄准资源地质、水文地质、工程地质、环境地质、灾害地质等领域,加强在调查与评估、设计与评价、勘查与施工、防治与监理、咨询与服务等方面的市场开拓工作。依据河南煤田地质局当前的实际情况,指出应紧紧抓住人才和知识、技术和装备、品牌和商誉、市场和效益等管理之重点,推动地质勘察单位再次实现跨越式发展。     

贵州煤田地质局技术队伍建设问题探讨

目前地质市场由计划经济转化为市场经济,市场的竞争究其本质是人才竞争。因此应该采取科学合理的技术人才资源管理方法和管理体制,以整体和局部、近期和长远为目标进行有计划、有步骤的技术队伍建设,注重从才培养,激励地质技术人员专业技能的提高,采用倾斜政策留住人才、招纳人才,只有这样贵州煤田地质局才能在不久的将来拥有一支精干、高效的地质专业技术队伍,确保全局乃至二级单位适应煤田地质市场的需要,保证全局科学、和谐健康有序的发展。     

利津县黄河湿地生态治理浅析

刁口乡自然保护区位于利津县东北部,丰富的湿地植被和水生生物资源已成为当地生态旅游的重要场所和经济来源,但由于区内自然资源开发,特别是石油、天然气的勘探开采,石油外溢引起的大面积水土污染,导致自然生态系统破坏。根据当地地质环境和湿地生态系统特点,制定了工程措施和生物措施的湿地治理设计方案,使黄河湿地生态系统得到恢复,带动当地海洋经济板块发展和产业结构调整。     

电子政务空间辅助决策综合数据管理研究与实践

本文通过对电子政务数据特点和处理要求的分析,提出了电子政务空间辅助决策综合数据模型。在此基础上,作者完成了电子政务空间辅助决策综合数据管理方法研究与实践。实现了多种类型数据的管理,扩展并完善了基于空间数据的电子政务应用数据管理的内容和技术。     

Unfolding relations between land cover and farm management: high nature value assessment in complex silvo-pastoral systems

The high nature value (HNV) concept, proposed by the European Environment Agency, recognizes that specific farming systems support high biodiversity levels, mainly as a result of extensive management practices. The Portuguese montado is one of the most significant HNV systems in southern Europe. However, considering the great complexity characterizing these systems both in land management and in landscape structure, a specific context-oriented methodology to assess which montado areas are likely to be classified as HNV farmland is needed. In this sense, the aim of this study is to explore a methodological approach which makes it possible to assess land management pressures through land cover information on these complex silvo-pastoral systems. The proposed methodology was tested through a local case study in a montado area in southern Portugal, assessing the relation between management practices and a vegetation cover index. Results show that in similar montado areas different land management strategies varying in stocking density, but also in type of grazing animals and shrub control practices, configure different vegetation cycles. These results indicate there is a way to develop a straightforward methodology to assess the HNV value of Mediterranean silvo-pastoral systems based on land cover indicators. These would make it possible to assess the HNV of montado areas with direct and objective information and independent of farmer’s surveys or other farm-based data.     

Function of Soils for Human Societies and Environment

This study assessed the spatial distribution of vulnerability to extreme heat in 1990 and 2000 within metropolitan Phoenix based on an index of seven equally weighted measures of physical exposure and adaptive capacity. These measures were derived from spatially interpolated climate, normalized differential vegetation index, and U.S. Census data. From resulting vulnerability maps, we also analyzed population groups living in areas of high heat vulnerability. Results revealed that landscapes of heat vulnerability changed substantially in response to variations in physical and socioeconomic factors, with significant alterations to spatial distribution of vulnerability especially between eastern and western sectors of Phoenix. These changes worked to the detriment of Phoenix's Hispanic population and the elderly concentrated in urban-fringe retirement communities.     

Spatial dimensions of New Zealand's environmental management

New Zealand's regional council boundaries drawn as part of the 1989 local government reforms privilege integrated catchment management. This privilege is now challenged by calls to both fragment and amalgamate councils and centralise decision‐making but with little analytic assessment of the spatial differentiation to support them. The spatial underpinnings of these calls were explored using a case study that assessed the spatial dimensions of environment management. Analysis of the Land Environments and River Environment Classification databases and councils' planning documents highlights challenges local governments face in applying integrated natural resource management within single purpose jurisdictions and implications for wider sustainable development policy.     

Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science,Policy, and Management for the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem

In this commentary, we wish to draw from Kathryn's experience in Askole to complicate the argument we developed in favor of an autoethnographic sensibility in the earlier article in this issue (Butz and Besio 2004 ButzDavid KathrynBesio 2004 The value of autoethnography for field research in transcultural settings. The Professional Geographer 56 3 350 60 [Google Scholar]). Just as we used David's first-person singular voice in much of that article, we use Kathryn's voice here to reflect the central influence of her research circumstances on the points that we make. We will return to the first-person plural voice in the commentary's conclusion where we attempt to synthesize the lessons of our two sets of research experiences.     

A Review of “Managing the Infosphere: Governance,Technology, and Cultural Practice in Motion”

The antiquated and undemocratic rules operating in the United Nations Security Council do not reflect and serve today’s integrated global society, nor does the institution adequately represent the diversity of member states. Despite General Assembly discussions that have lasted a quarter-century, no result has materialized on the expansion issue. The author concludes that regional rivalries, the veto, the onerous Charter amendment process, and the failure to devise a truly representative model are responsible for the lack of progress. A model with eighteen rotating seats, based on population, area, and regional position, and four elected seats deserves consideration as an alternative. Key Words: metageography, political geography, population and area ratings, United Nations Security Council.