Lithospheric Thermal Isostasy of North Continental Margin of the South China Sea

Accompanied with rifting and detaching of the north continental margin of the South China Sea,the ernst and the lithosphere become thinner away from the continental margin resulting from the tectonic activities,such as tensile deformation,thermal uplift,and cooling subsidence,etc..Integrated with thermal,gravimetric,and isostatic analysis techniques,based on the seismic interpretation of the deep penetration seismic soundings across the northern margin of the South China Sea,we reconstructed the lithospheric thermal structure and derived the variation of the crust boundary in the east and west parts of the seismic profde by using gravity anomaly data.We mainly studied the thermal isostasy problems using the bathymetry of the profiles and calculated the crust thinning effect due to the thermal variety in the rifting process.The results Indicate that the thermal isostasy may reach 2.5 kin,and the compositional variations in the ilthospheric density and thickness may produce a variation of 4.0 kin.Therefore,the compositional isostatic correction is very important to recover the relationship between surface heat flow and topography.Moreover,because of the high heat flow characteristic of the continental margin,building the model of lithospheric geotherm in this region is of great importan for studying the Cenozoic tectonic thermal evolution of the north passive continental margin of the South China Sea.     

南大西洋被动陆缘盆地盐构造形成的控制因素

南大西洋两岸被动陆缘含盐盆地油气分布与盐构造的构造样式及分布有直接联系。基于地震资料的构造解译和物理/数值模拟实验,前人对被动陆缘盆地盐构造的形成演化进行了大量研究,然而尚缺乏对盐构造形成演化主控因素的系统论证。本文基于地震资料的构造解释,采用离散元数值模拟手段,通过2组共8个模型的对比实验,探讨了被动陆缘盆地底板倾斜角度和盐岩上覆地层厚度对盐构造形成的控制作用。数值模拟的结果表明:①随着底板倾斜角度的增加,盐岩及其上覆沉积流动速度逐渐增大。其中,从无倾角到2.5°倾角,盐岩流速增加最大,后续陆源沉积搬运距离增加了约1.5倍,远高于其他角度模型间的距离增量;②盐层的上覆地层厚度越大,后续沉积搬运能力越差,盐构造及其相关构造越难形成。上覆地层的厚度直接影响了盐岩的流动速度,上覆地层厚度每增加1m,沉积物的搬运距离减小约5%~10%。最后,基于上述模拟结果定量分析,探讨了两种因素对盐构造形成的影响机制。     

巴布亚新几内亚陆缘火山岛弧成矿带铜金成矿规律

巴布亚新几内亚陆缘火山岛弧成矿带形成于印澳板块与太平洋板块的边界带,其演化涉及俯冲与火山岛弧（岩浆弧）的形成、弧陆碰撞与造山、俯冲陆壳折返、岩浆侵入、成矿作用等多种地质作用。该成矿带的铜金成矿时代比较年轻,成矿集中于23～12（Ma）、7～1（Ma）及0.5～0（Ma）三个成矿高潮期。空间上可以分为6个成矿亚带,分别为奥克泰迪-波尔盖拉成矿亚带、弗里达河-拉穆成矿亚带、海登山谷-凯利门戈成矿亚带、托鲁库玛-比尼山成矿亚带、瓦普鲁-伍德拉克成矿亚带、利希尔-潘古纳成矿亚带。成矿带主要铜金矿床类型为斑岩型、浅成低温热液型和矽卡岩-斑岩型。成矿受控于俯冲作用、弧陆碰撞造山作用、侵入杂岩体、褶皱和断裂、破火山口等因素。     

内蒙古宝音图钼矿床花岗岩稀土元素地球化学特征及花岗岩成因

宝音图钼矿床是近几年在内蒙古西部地区发现的大型斑岩型钼矿床。重点研究该钼矿床成矿花岗岩稀土元素地球化学特征,探讨花岗岩成因。通过对稀土元素配分模式和特征值（∑REE-LREE/HREE、δEu-LREE/HREE相关性）的分析,对比幔源岩浆及南岭花岗岩稀土元素组成特点,结合岩石化学组成,推断宝音图成矿花岗岩属于陆壳熔融成因花岗岩。由斜长花岗岩→二长花岗岩→钾长花岗岩→细晶花岗岩,岩体成分逐渐变化。岩浆演化中有成分分异,有利于成矿,特别是晚期钾长花岗岩富集成矿元素和矿化剂元素。     

Evolution of the Pearl River and its Implication for East Asian Continental Landscape Reversion

As the link connecting the South China Continent and the northern South China Sea(SCS),the Pearl River is the focus of sedimentology and petroleum geology research.Its evolutionary process and controlling factors are of great significance in revealing the East Asian continental landscape reorganization during the Late Cenozoic.Based on published data,’source-to-sink’provenance analyses allow systematic deliberation on the birth and evolutionary history of the Pearl River.Close to the Oligocene/Miocene boundary,an abrupt shift in the sedimentary composition indicates significant westward and northward expansion of the river’s watershed area,followed by the establishment of a near-modern fluvial network.This sedimentary change generally concurred with a series of regional geological events,including the onset of the Yangtze throughflow,large-scale development of the loess plateau,and formation of the northwestern arid zone and Asian Monsoon system.These major changes in the geology-climate-ecoenvironment system are in close response to the process of the Cenozoic Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau uplift.Consequently,the East Asian continental landscape and most of midCenozoic drainage systems underwent critical reversion into east-tilting,or east-flowing networks.     

河西走廊黑河流域地下水化学特征研究

黑河流域地处西北内陆干旱区,受径流蒸发和溶滤作用的控制,地下水水化学最重要的特征是自补给区至排泄区具有典型的水平分带性和垂直倒置分异规律。水平方向从祁连山山前洪积扇顶部到冲、洪积细土平原北部的盐沼(盐地),表层地下水的矿化度随着径流长度的增加而增高,由淡水过渡为咸水并达到卤水阶段,化学组分亦相应的由HCO3--Na -Ca 型递变为SO42--HCO3--Na -Ca2 型、SO42--Cl--Na -Ca2 型直到Cl--SO42--Na 型、Cl--Na 型,每个水化学带与一定的地貌单元相联系。垂向上在淡承压水分布的区域,上部潜水矿化度0.5～4.0g/L,下部承压水矿化度小于1g/L,且随着深度的增加矿化度降低。     

东昆仑那更康切尔银多金属矿床地质特征及成因类型

那更康切尔银多金属矿是东昆仑东段地区新近发现的一个大型矿床,探明银金属量超过2 000 t,成为青海省发现的首个大型独立银矿,具有成为超大型矿床的潜力。笔者通过对矿区地质背景、矿体特征和矿石结构构造及围岩蚀变进行研究,分析了矿床的控矿要素和找矿方向,探讨了矿床的成因,认为其与三叠纪陆相火山活动有关,矿体赋存于以流纹岩、安山岩和英安岩为主的火山建造中,受NW向断裂控制,属于浅成低温热液矿床之陆相火山-次火山岩型（又称火山热液型）。     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of late Ediacaran (605–580 Ma) post-collisional alkaline rocks from the Katherina ring complex,south Sinai,Egypt

The Katherina ring complex (KRC) in the central part of south Sinai, Egypt, is a typical ring complex of late Neoproterozoic age (605–580 Ma). It was developed during the final tectono-magmatic stage of the north Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) during evolution of the Pan-African crust. The KRC includes Katherina volcanics, subvolcanic bodies, ring dykes and Katherina granitic pluton. The Katherina volcanics represent the earliest stage of the KRC, which was subsequently followed by emplacement of the subvolcanic bodies and ring dykes. The Katherina granitic pluton depicts as the latest evolution stage of the KRC that intruded all the early formed rock units in the concerned area. The Katherina volcanics are essentially composed of rhyolites, ignimbrite, volcanic breccia and tuffs. Mineralogically, the peralkaline rhyolites contain sodic amphiboles and aegirine. The rhyolite whole rock chemistry has acmite-normative character. The subvolcanic bodies of the KRC are represented by peralkaline microgranite and porphyritic quartz syenite. The ring dykes are semicircular in shape and consist mainly of quartz syenite, quartz trachyte and trachybasalt rock types. The Katherina subvolcanic rocks, volcanic rocks as well as the ring dykes are alkaline or/and peralkaline in nature. The alkaline granitic pluton forms the inner core of the KRC, including the high mountainous areas of G. Abbas Pasha, G. Bab, G. Katherina and G. Musa. These mountains are made up of alkaline syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite. The mantle signature recorded in the KRC indicates a juvenile ANS crust partial melting process for the generation of this system. The evolution of the KRC rocks is mainly dominated by crystal fractionation and crustal contamination. Mineral geothermometry points to the high temperature character of the KRC, up to 700–1100 °C.     

滇西芒市盆地芒棒组软岩的水文、工程地质 特征及其对工程的影响 ——以芒究煤矿为例

滇西芒市盆地是在喜马拉雅构造运动第Ⅱ幕基础上形成的陆相沉积盆地,该盆地中的上新世芒棒组为河湖相沉积体系。根据矿区钻孔资料,芒棒组在工程地质岩组划分上属半固结软岩,可分为砂岩-砂砾岩软弱岩组、粉砂岩软弱岩组和炭质泥岩-煤层软弱岩组3类,各岩组强度依次为P砂-砾＜P粉砂＜P泥-炭。煤层为低—中灰分（15%~25%）、低硫—中硫（0.5%~2.5%）的半暗淡—半亮褐煤,有一定的自燃性。测井数据和曲线显示,煤层视电阻率中等,放射性异常曲线明显与其它围岩不同;抽水试验结果表明,渗透系数k在0.1~0.01m/d 之间 ,降落漏斗影响半径77~119m,煤矿虽然距离芒市河很近,但却无明显的水力联系,证实芒棒组整体透水性较差。矿山勘探、开采持续时间近50年,已形成了一些采空区和废弃采空区,由于距铁路优选线较远（1.5~2km）,不会对大理-瑞丽铁路建设产生明显的影响。     

大湄公河次地区构造单元划分

大湄公河次地区在地质构造上是西南三江构造带和华南加里东褶皱带的向南或南西的延伸。在理清了各构造单元的延伸趋势及其相互关系的基础上,对该区大地构造单元作了统一划分和对比。以印缅山脉结合带、澜沧江-文冬-劳勿结合带、金沙江-哀牢山-马江结合带作为主结合带,将该区划分为印澳板块、中缅马陆块、印支陆块和华南陆块4个一级单元。然后在亲冈瓦纳的中缅马陆块和亲华南型的印支陆块内再以次级结合带分别划分出4个二级构造单元:亲冈瓦纳型的西缅微陆块、腾冲-毛淡棉微陆块,保山-掸泰微陆块、临沧-景栋微陆块,亲华南型的景洪-帕府-东马来西亚微陆块、思茅-大叻微陆块、昆嵩微陆块和长山微陆块;华南陆块以越北斋江结合带为界分为扬子和华夏两微陆块。简要论述了各构造单元的基本地质特征,提出将可可西里-澜沧江-文冬-劳勿结合带作为南部冈瓦纳大陆和北部劳亚大陆的分界,指出昆嵩微陆块和长山微陆块是华夏微陆块的南西延伸,其西部的对应体可能是昌都微陆块。