太古宙克拉通型下地壳剖面：华北怀安－丰镇－尚义的麻粒岩－角闪岩系

华北克拉通北缘晋冀内蒙交界地区有变质程度连续变化、从高压基性麻粒岩、麻粒岩到角闪岩相的变质岩系出露。它们的古变质压力由＞１．４ＧＰａ（５０ｋｍ）变化到０．５ＧＰａ（１５ｋｍ）；岩石类型从变辉长岩、中酸性正片麻岩到表壳岩变化；变质矿物组合由不含水的耐火组合变为富含云母和角闪石的组合；地球化学性质表现出从贫Ｓｉ和Ａｌ、轻度亏损生热元素到具有正常的化学成分的连续变化；包裹体流体性质在轻度亏损生热元素的麻粒岩中均为ＣＯ２流体，而在麻粒岩相的表壳岩和角闪岩系中Ｈ２Ｏ流体逐渐增加。上述变质岩系剖面的组成和特点符合大陆下地壳的定义，可能代表了包括最下部地壳在内的华北地块太古宙克拉通型大陆下地壳。据此本文建立了我国第一条克拉通型大陆下地壳剖面，并讨论其地质意义以及相关的问题     

Stratigraphy of the upper cretaceous and lower tertiary strata in the Tethyan Himalayas of Tibet (Tingri area,China)

The 1500-m-thick marine strata of the Tethys Himalaya of the Zhepure Mountain (Tingri, Tibet) comprise the Upper Albian to Eocene and represent the sedimentary development of the passive northern continental margin of the Indian plate. Investigations of foraminifera have led to a detailed biozonation which is compared with the west Tethyan record. Five stratigraphic units can be distinguished: The Gamba group (Upper Albian - Lower Santonian) represents the development from a basin and slope to an outer-shelf environment. In the following Zhepure Shanbei formation (Lower Santonian - Middle Maastrichtian), outer-shelf deposits continue. Pebbles in the top layers point to beginning redeposition on a continental slope. Intensified redeposition continues within the Zhepure Shanpo formation (Middle Maastrichtian - Lower Paleocene). The series is capped by sandstones of the Jidula formation (Danian) deposited from a seaward prograding delta plain. The overall succession of these units represents a sea-level high at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary followed, from the Turonian to Danian, by an overall shallowing-upward megasequence. This is followed by a final transgression — regression cycle during the Paleocene and Eocene, documented in the Zhepure Shan formation (?Upper Danian - Lutetian) and by Upper Eocene continental deposits. The section represents the narrowing and closure of the Tethys as a result of the convergence between northward-drifting India and Eurasia. The plate collision started in the Lower Maastrichtian and caused rapid changes in sedimentation patterns affected by tectonic subsidence and uplift. Stronger subsidence and deposition took place from the Middle Maastrichtian to the Lower Paleocene. The final closure of remnant Tethys in the Tingri area took place in the Lutetian.     

东亚陆缘扩张带──一条离散式大陆边缘成因的探讨

亚洲东部大陆边缘，介于大陆与大洋之间，存在着一条巨型的“沟弧盆”地带。该构造带的出现是亚洲大陆岩石圈演化－运动史上的重大事件之一，它的成因问题流行假说颇多，本文侧重从亚洲东部壳体演化运动历史背景的分析入手，探讨该构造带形成时期的历史动力环境，地壳结构及性质、壳体演化过程的特点，以及壳体增生扩展过程等，阐明了它是由于东亚陆缘扩张所成。并探讨了该陆线扩张带的形成与壳体演化运动的关系及其扩张机因。研究表明：亚洲陆缘扩张带的形成机理，并非“洋壳俯冲、弧后引张”所致。它们主要是陆缘壳体上的大陆类型活动区（华夏地洼型造山带），在其发展的余动期，由于陆缘扩张及陆壳薄化所致。作者认为，从壳体大地构造学这一新思路入手，对该陆缘扩张带成因的深入研究，有助于正确认识该大陆架上广泛分布的有色、稀有金属内生矿床，以及泥炭、褐煤、油气田的构造类型、特点、分布规律及其经济价值。     

龙门山平驿铺组沉积体系及旋回层序研究

本文首次从龙门山区下泥盆统平驿铺组中，划分出河口湾、三角洲、滨岸和陆棚四个沉积体系和三个Ⅲ级Ｔ－Ｒ旋回层序。平面上，四个沉积体系组成了扬子板块西侧的古大陆边缘由过渡相区和滨岸相区相间分布的古地理格局；垂向上，两相区中的三个Ⅲ级Ｔ—Ｒ旋回层序也由不同的沉积体系组成，旋回层序的演化虽然受构造差异沉降影响，但仍以Ⅲ级海平面升降变化为主要控制因素，并具同步演化规律，可分别代表古大陆边缘活动型和相对稳定型的两种Ⅲ级Ｔ—Ｒ旋回层序模式。     

黔中三叠纪地层研究新进展

通过对黔中地区区域地质调查，在二叠系—三叠系过渡层中发现了一系列的韵律层，并通过岩性岩相、矿物学、地球化学和地层古生物学研究，认为过渡层中韵律层是远源火山碎屑重力流沉积产物，并据古生物、沉积学、地层学研究将过渡层归属于三叠系。原安顺组下部“大汪段”之上、下发现大量牙形刺化石，根据岩性及古生物特征，将“大汪段”归入大冶组。黔中—黔南中三叠统陆源碎屑体系的物源来自江南古陆；菊石、双壳类化石层是浊流作用形成的事件沉积层。     

中国大陆岩石圈的化学元素丰度

中国大陆岩石圈模型的面积９６０万ｋｍ＾２，平均厚度１１０ｋｍ，体积１０．６亿ｋｍ＾３，岩石平均密度３．０６４ｇ／ｃｍ＾３、总质量３．２４５×１０＾１８ｔ。在中国大陆地壳元素丰度的基础上，作者首次求出中国大陆岩石圈的元素丰度值。其质量丰度，厚子丰度和相对丰度列于表１。此外还按１０类（７８种）元素分别讨论中国大陆岩石圈的主要化学特征。     

断块开合说--中国大地构造研究的新思维

对板块说应持分析态度，既充分肯定它的创见，又要看到其不足。张文佑倡导的断块说强调地质演化中的陆洋地壳转化，即拉张造洋、挤压造陆。近年来提出的开合说，继承了板块说、断块说和新地槽-地台说的合理内核。笔者认为，断块-开合大地构造说是中国大地构造研究中有代表性的思潮。本文概括了其基本观点，强调了开合中的多模式、多旋回和非封闭性、不可逆性。     

西天山艾肯达坂组火山岩系同位素定年及其构造意义

西天山艾肯达坂地区较好发育了艾肯达坂纽红色陆相火山岩建造．它不整合在下石炭统大哈拉军山组之上,未经变形和变质，属于陆陆碰撞晚期的橄榄安粗岩系，其年龄确定是厘定从碰撞造山向陆内构造演化的关键。因此,通过16件新获得的钾氩年龄测值，确定艾肯达坂组火山岩系形成在260Ma～270Ma之间，属早二叠世，而不是过去认为的石炭纪；西天山的陆陆碰撞应在二叠纪末结束,此后进入陆内造山阶段。     

Hydrothermal Mineralization on the Mesoproterozoic Passive Continental Margins of China： A Case Study of the Langshan-Zha＇ertaishan Belt, Inner Mongolia, China

Most ore-forming characteristics of the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan hydrothermal exhalation belt, which consists of the Dongshengmiao, Huogeqi, Tanyaokou and Jiashengpan large-superlarge Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide deposits, are most similar to those of Mesoproterozoic SEDEX-type provinces of the world. The characteristics include: (1) All deposits of this type in the belt occur in third-order fault-basins in the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan aulacogen along the northern margin of the North China Platform; (2) these deposits with all their orebodies hosted in the Mesoproterozoic impure dolomite-marble and carbonaceous phyllite (or schists) have an apparent stratabound nature; ores display laminated and banded structures, showing clear depositional features; (3) there is some evidence of syn-sedimentary faulting, which to a certain extent accounts for the temporal and spatial distribution and the size of the orebodies in all deposits and the formation of intrabed conglomerates and breccias; (4) they show lateral and vertical zonation of sulfides; (5) The Cu/(Pb Zn Cu) ratio of the large and thick Pb Zn Cu orebodies gradually decreases from bottom to top; and (6) barite is interbedded with pyrites and sometimes with sphalerite. However, some characteristics such as the Co/Ni radio of the pyrites, the volcanism, for example, of the Langshan-Zha‘ertalshan metallogenic belt, are different from those of the typical SEDEX deposits of the world. The meta-basic volcanic rock in Huogeqi, the sodic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Dongshengmiao and potassic bimodal-volcanic rocks with blastoporphyfitic and blasto-glomeroporphyritic texture as well as blasto-amygdaloidal structure in the Tanyaokou deposits have been discovered in the only ore-bearing second formation of the Langshan Group in the past 10 years. The metallogeny of some deposits hosted in the Langshan Group is closely related to syn-sedimentary volcanism based on the following facts: most of the lead isotopes in sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite plot on both sides of the line for the mantle or between the lines for the mantle and lower crust in the lead isotope composition diagram; cobalt content of some pyrites samples is much higher than the nickel content (Co/Ni= 11.91-12.19). Some volcanic blocks and debris have been picked out from some pyritic and pyrrhotitic ores. All Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide orebodies in these deposits occur in the strata overlying metamorphic volcanic rocks in the only ore-bearing second formation. In the Jiashengpan deposit that lacks syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession only Pb and Zn ores occur without Cu ore, but in the Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou and Huogeqi deposits with syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession Cu ores occur. This indicates a relatively higher ore-forming temperature. The process of synsedimentary volcanic eruption directly supplied some ore-forming elements, and resulted in secular geothermal anomaly favorable for the circulation of a submarine convective hydrothermal system, which accounts for the precipitation of deep mineralizing fluids exhaling into anoxidic basins along the syn-sedimentary fault system in the Langshan-Zha‘ertai rift. The Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou, and Huogeqi deposits hosted in the Langshan Group appear to be a transitional type of mineral deposit between SEDEX and VMS-types but with a bias towards SEDEX, while the Jiashengpan deposit hosted in the Zha‘ertai Group is of a characteristic SEDEX type. This evidence, together with other new discoveries of Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks and the features of lithogeny and metallogeny of the Bayun Obo deposit in the neighborhood emphasize the diversity, complexity and uniqueness of the Mesoproterozoic Langshan-Zha‘ertal-Bayun Obo ore belt.