北祁连东段冷龙岭地区毛藏寺岩体和黄羊河岩体的岩石成因及其构造意义

文中研究了北祁连东段冷龙岭地区毛藏寺岩体和黄羊河岩体的年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素组成。毛藏寺岩体主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩。锆石U Pb定年获得花岗闪长岩岩浆结晶年龄为（424±4） Ma。花岗闪长岩具有高的Mg#（约55）,K2O/Na2O=0.77~0.91,A/CNK=0.92~0.94,表明岩石属准铝质。在微量元素组成上,花岗闪长岩富集LILE、亏损HFSE,轻重稀土分异明显［(La/Yb)N=16.9~19.5］,具有弱的Eu负异常（Eu/Eu*=0.75~0.83）;花岗闪长岩具有ISr=0.706 3~0.706 5,εNd(t) =-1.5~-1.1,TDM=1.10~1.16 Ga。这些地球化学特征和Sr Nd同位素组成表明,花岗闪长岩岩浆源区为基性下地壳变玄武质岩石,但在成岩过程中有少量幔源物质的加入。黄羊河岩体主要由钾长花岗岩组成,其岩浆结晶年龄为（402±4） Ma。岩石富碱（K2O+Na2O=6.91‰~7.66%）,K2O/Na2O>1,A/CNK=0.97~1.05。钾长花岗岩富集LILE及HFSE,轻重稀土元素分馏中等［(La/Yb)N =10.6~17.8］,并具有明显的负Eu异常（Eu/Eu*=0.43~0.68）,表明钾长花岗岩具有铝质A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。钾长花岗岩具有ISr=0.710 3~0.711 3,εNd(t)=-6.7~-6.0,TDM=1.46~1.55 Ga,反映岩浆主要来自地壳中长英质物质的部分熔融。冷龙岭地区花岗岩类的岩石成因及其岩浆演化揭示了北祁连山造山带从加里东早期的挤压构造体制向加里东晚期的伸展构造体制的演化。这些花岗岩类形成于碰撞后构造背景,岩浆的产生可能与俯冲的北祁连洋板片的断离作用有密切联系。     

五台山新太古代绿岩带中高镁安山岩（HMA）的化学特征

采用高镁安山岩（HMA）新的分类方法,描述了五台地区新太古代绿岩带中HMA的化学特征,并与实验的HMA以及自然界中典型的HMA（日本的Chichijima地区HMA和Setouchi地区HMA）进行了对比,显示该区HMA具有与上述HMA类似的化学特征。初步认为五台新太古代HMA产于洋俯冲带的环境,进而表明板块构造理论的适用时间范围可推演到新太古代。     

Comparing models of debris-flow susceptibility in the alpine environment

Debris-flows are widespread in Val di Fassa (Trento Province, Eastern Italian Alps) where they constitute one of the most dangerous gravity-induced surface processes. From a large set of environmental characteristics and a detailed inventory of debris flows, we developed five models to predict location of debris-flow source areas. The models differ in approach (statistical vs. physically-based) and type of terrain unit of reference (slope unit vs. grid cell). In the statistical models, a mix of several environmental factors classified areas with different debris-flow susceptibility; however, the factors that exert a strong discriminant power reduce to conditions of high slope-gradient, pasture or no vegetation cover, availability of detrital material, and active erosional processes. Since slope and land use are also used in the physically-based approach, all model results are largely controlled by the same leading variables.Overlaying susceptibility maps produced by the different methods (statistical vs. physically-based) for the same terrain unit of reference (grid cell) reveals a large difference, nearly 25% spatial mismatch. The spatial discrepancy exceeds 30% for susceptibility maps generated by the same method (discriminant analysis) but different terrain units (slope unit vs. grid cell). The size of the terrain unit also led to different susceptibility maps (almost 20% spatial mismatch). Maps based on different statistical tools (discriminant analysis vs. logistic regression) differed least (less than 10%). Hence, method and terrain unit proved to be equally important in mapping susceptibility.Model performance was evaluated from the percentages of terrain units that each model correctly classifies, the number of debris-flow falling within the area classified as unstable by each model, and through the metric of ROC curves. Although all techniques implemented yielded results essentially comparable; the discriminant model based on the partition of the study area into small slope units may constitute the most suitable approach to regional debris-flow assessment in the Alpine environment.     

黄骅埕古1井水位异常研究

黄骅埕古1井自2007年进行模拟静水位观测以来,曾出现多次水位异常变化,本项目通过对埕古1井水位资料与该井所处的地质构造和环渤海地区地震活动综合分析,认为该井的水位异常变化与环渤海地区地震活动存在一定的联系,埕古1井所处的部位是该地区的一个应力敏感点。     

日本MW 9.0级大地震前后华北和东北地区现今构造应力作用调整过程与研究意义探讨

为了探讨日本M_W 9.0级大地震前后华北和东北地区现今构造应力作用调整过程与研究意义,对华北和东北地区进行原位现今地应力绝对测量与实时监测、GPS测量,结果表明：日本大地震在山东半岛、华北北部地区和东北地区所诱发同震位移引起的张性效应调整周期分别约为6个月(即调整结束时间大约在2011年9月)、15个月(即调整结束时间大约在2012年6月)和26个月(即调整结束时间大约在2013年5月),张性效应调整周期与同震位移大小成正比。在这种调整过程中,往往表现出区域现今构造应力作用方式和构造应力场转换,并可能伴随重大地质事件(如地震等)的发生。2012年5月28日和29日、6月18日、8月26日及2013年1月11日在唐山及其周围地区分别发生的4.8级、3.2级、4.0级、3.3级和3.0级地震与华北北部地区构造应力作用方式和构造应力场转换有关,而2013年10月31日以来在吉林省松原市发生的地震群应与东北地区构造应力作用方式和构造应力场转换有关,而非一个大地震前的小震群。     

中国东部中新生代大地构造问题研究

基于"构造体系控油作用研究"项目, 总结中国东部中新生代大地构造的基本特征及其演变的内在规律。研究表明, 中国东部中新生代构造形变史, 以侏罗纪末幕运动为标志划分为前后2个大阶段, 发育2种巨型扭动构造型式, 即华夏系和新华夏系, 其间存在广泛的构造不整合; 显示二元结构, 即新华夏系形变构造层与华夏系形变构造层的叠置, 是本区大地构造的基本特征。      

论黑龙江右岸北西向构造带的确立及其对成矿的控制作用

从小兴安岭特殊的盆岭构造地貌景观、复杂的构造交叉、多期北西向及南北向成矿构造的继承延续、中生代花岗岩带和火山岩带对成矿的控制、北西向独特的地球物理异常构造趋势等客观存在的特征,确立了黑龙江右岸北西向构造-成矿带的存在.通过大量矿床实例论述了多期活动的北西向构造带具有控岩、控矿、导矿、容矿的多项成矿功能,矿床（体）呈北西向带状分布.矿床的展布具有明显的水平分带现象.为黑龙江右岸找矿预测提供了理论依据.     

利用重测定的震源深度特征探讨2013年吉林前郭5.8级震群发震因素

利用Pn-Pg震相组合的局部搜索法,采用5种地壳速度模型对2013年吉林前郭5.8级地震震群进行震源深度测定。计算结果显示,5种结果的震源深度的主要分布特征相似。对选取的32个地震震源深度进行重新测定,结果最小为6 km,最大14 km,主要集中在10 km左右,系统深度偏差约1.74 km,震源深度分辨率约1.58km,重定位后地震震中优势分布呈北西向。与当地的沉积层厚度分布对比,这些地震最有可能发生在盆地基底的基岩顶层,而不在油气圈闭的沉积盖层内,并且地震震群分布走向与通榆—长春断裂走向相一致。结合该地区的历史地震活动与构造关系,最后推测这些地震与北西向的通榆—长春断裂构造运动密切相关,而不是油田作业的直接产物。     

2014年新疆于田M_S7.3地震的地壳构造变形背景

利用2011~2013年的流动GNSS观测资料及处理结果,获得了2014年于田MS7.3地震区域水平形变场。结果显示:(1)于田MS7.3地震发生在构造活动较强烈的阿尔金断裂带西端,其两侧的形变差异运动为8~9 mm/a,左旋运动是差异运动的主要成份;(2)发震区域的主应变是全区最突出的区域,张压大小相对均等,主张方向为南东东—北西西;(3)该地震发生在左旋形变的高梯度带上,其北部的塔里木盆地为较弱的右旋形变,其南部约150 km以外几乎无旋形变;(4)地震发生的部位为面应变性质转变的过渡带,其西为面膨胀区,其东为面收缩区。     

Chronology and Geochemistry of Mesozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Linjiang Area,Jilin Province and their Tectonic Implications

Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical analytical results are presented for the volcanic rocks of the Naozhigou, Ergulazi, and Sidaogou Formations in the Linjiang area, southeastern Jilin Province to constrain the nature of magma source and their tectonic settings. The Naozhigou Formation is composed mainly of andesite and rhyolite and its weighted mean 206Pb/238U age for 13 zircon grains is 222±1 Ma. The Ergulazi Formation consists of basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and andesite, and six grains give a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 131±4 Ma. The Sidaogou Formation consists mainly of trachyandesite and rhyolite, and six zircon grains yield a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 113±4 Ma. The volcanic rocks have SiO2=60.24%–77.46%, MgO=0.36%–1.29% (Mg#=0.32–0.40) for the Naozhigou Formation, SiO2=51.60%–59.32%, MgO=3.70%–5.54% (Mg#=0.50–0.60) for the Ergulazi Formation, and SiO2=58.28%–76.32%, MgO=0.07%–1.20% (Mg#=0.14–0.46) for the Sidaogou Formation. The trace element analytical results indicate that these volcanic rocks are characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), relative depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs, Nb, Ta, and Ti), and negative Eu anomalies. Compared with the primitive mantle, the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Linjiang area have relatively high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7053-0.7083) and low εNd(t) values (?8.38 to ?2.43), and display an EMII trend. The late Triassic magma for the Naozhigou Formation could be derived from partial melting of a newly accretional crust with the minor involvement of the North China Craton basement and formed under an extensional environment after the collision of the Yangtze Craton and the North China Craton. The Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks for the Ergulazi and Sidaogou Formations could be formed under the tectonic setting of an active continental margin related to the westward subduction of the Izanagi plate.