长江口邻近陆架区表层沉积物的木质素分布和有机物来源分析

对长江口邻近陆架区表层沉积物的有机物进行碳、氮元素、碳稳定同位素和木质素测定,以分析其物质来源,特别是陆源有机物的迁移埋藏。结果表明,碳与氮含量的比值为6.2~7.7,δ13C为-19.9×10-3~-22.4×10-3。8种木质素酚单位的总含量(相对于总有机碳)为0.15×10-2~1.56×10-2mg/mg,显著低于长江口门处的2.50×10-2mg/mg。香草基酚类的酸醛比平均值为0.90,表明该海区的陆源有机物是高度降解的;紫丁香级酚类与香草基酚类的含量之比为(0.78±0.35),肉桂基酚类与香草基酚类的含量之比为(0.13±0.08),表明这些陆源有机物源于草本和木本混合的被子植物。31.5°N以南站位木质素的降解程度比北部的高,草本植物源的贡献更大,被子植物的主导优势也更明显;长江输入的有机物以沿岸堆积为主,具有显著的离岸降低趋势。在31.5°N以北的陆架区,虽然近岸站位陆源有机物的贡献显著高于其他站位,但其他站位并没有离岸递减趋势。这种南北分布差别可能是由海流条件和水深梯度的差异引起的。计算结果显示,该海区表层沉积物中的陆源有机物占总有机物的5%~57%,且主要来自土壤有机质。     

西南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛火山岩地质初步研究

西南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛主要由基性熔岩、火山碎屑岩及薄层沉积岩组成,并有次火山岩体及脉岩发育.野外观察及K—Ar,Rb—Sr全岩年龄说明岩石形成于始新一渐新世.主要元素和微量元素地球化学特征说明岩石属低钾高铝钙碱性玄武岩,但具有拉斑玄武岩的某些特征,是岛弧火山活动的产物.岩层呈平缓单斜,发育有近同期及后期走滑正断层,以及由断层活动形成的局部以称褶皱.     

中秦岭南部耀岭河群稀土元素特征及其构造环境分析

根据大量稀土元素样品分析，耀岭河群ＲＥＥ的总体特征为“液体型”的右倾分布模式，稀土分馏不明显向稀土分馏明显演化。（Ｃｅ／Ｙｂ）＿Ｎ比值由玄武岩向中酸性岩逐渐增加，反映部分熔融程度的减少和分离结晶作用的加强；（Ｌａ／Ｓｍ）＿Ｎ比值由基性向酸性岩逐渐增高，反映了裂谷早期扩张较快，后期暗示着挤压环境；从Ｅｕ／Ｓｍ比值逐渐降低；δＭＥｕ由上异常转向负异常，表明分异程度的增强。从（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）＿Ｎ比值判别本区相当于Ｅ－ＭＯＲＢ富集型源区，其构造环境属大陆活动边缘裂谷发展的弧后洋盆。     

对"地幔对流"的几点质疑

地幔对流被认为是板块运动的驱动力源，但板块说提出35年来，始终未能阐明地幔对流是如何推动板块运动的，也未能证明地幔对流的存在。相反，却有观测与实物证据证明地幔对流并不存在。对地幔对流提出的质疑与剖析，将有助于地球动力学研究思路的扩展。     

摩天岭褶皱带及邻区晚前寒武纪板块构造初析

摩天岭褶皱带位于扬子地台西北缘,主要由中、晚元古宇“碧口群”火山、沉积杂岩系组成。笔者认为:该套杂岩系在刘家坪—铜钱韧性剪切带以南,是一套构造混杂岩,属中晚元古宙“碧口”古洋盆消减、关闭过程中形成的产物;在该剪切带以北,碧口杂岩系则主要由一套弧前盆地杂砂岩系和一套钙碱性火山岩系组成,后者属喷发在以鱼洞子群为基底的南秦岭古陆南缘之上的岛弧火山岩系。晚元古宙末,由于介于南秦岭古陆与扬子古陆之间的碧口古洋盆关闭,最终形成了扬子古陆北缘晚元古宙碰撞型造山带。摩天岭褶皱带则属该碰撞造山带的超迭壳楔和碰撞混杂岩单元部分。     

陕北三叠系上统延长油层中海绿石的发现及其初步研究

本文对陕北三叠系延长群延长油层中的海绿石——延长海绿石进行了分析研究。结果表明,延长海绿石的矿物学特征与一般海绿石相同,其扩展层含量19%,属于无序低钾云母型结构。碳同位素及微量元素分析表明,延长海绿石系陆相淡水-半咸水湖泊环境下的自生矿物,延长海绿石存在于湖泊三角洲前缘远沙坝或三角洲间湖湾的粉-细砂岩中,也常与自生黄铁矿共生,其形成时水深为50-100m。海绿石的存在指示着该处为弱还原环境,对于成油较为有利。因此,在陆相湖泊三角洲环境中,也应当建立海绿石地球化学相。     

Nature and growth rate of the Northern Izu–Bonin (Ogasawara) arc crust and their implications for continental crust formation

The bulk composition of the continental crust throughout geological history is thought by most previous workers to be andesitic. This assumption of an andesitic bulk composition led to an early hypothesis by 72 ) that the continental crust was created by arc magmatism. This hypothesis for the origin of continental crust was challenged by several authors because: (i) the mean rate of arc crust addition obtained by 50 ) is too small to account for some certain phases of rapid crustal growth; and (ii) the bulk composition of ocean island arcs, the main contributor to the Archean and early Proterozoic crust, is basaltic rather than andesitic ( 4 ; 49 ). New data from the Northern Izu–Bonin arc are presented here which support the 72 ) hypothesis for the origin of the continental crust by andesitic arc magma. A geological interpretation of P wave crustal structure obtained from the Northern Izu–Bonin arc by 66 ) indicates that the arc crust has four distinctive lithologic layers: from top to bottom: (i) a 0.5–2-km-thick layer of basic to intermediate volcaniclastic, lava and hemipelagite (layer A); (ii) a 2–5-km-thick basic to intermediate volcaniclastics, lavas and intrusive layer (layer B); (iii) a 2–7-km-thick layer of felsic (tonalitic) rocks (layer C); and (iv) a 4–7-km-thick layer of mafic igneous rocks (layer D). The chemical composition of the upper and middle part of the northern Izu–Bonin arc is estimated to be similar to the average continental crust by 73 ). The rate of igneous addition of the Northern Izu–Bonin arc since its initial 45-Ma magmatism was calculated as 80 km³/km per million years. This rate of addition is considered to be a reasonable estimate for all arcs in the western Pacific. Using this rate, the global rate of crustal growth is estimated to be 2.96 km³/year which exceeds the average rate of crustal growth since the formation of the Earth (1.76 km³/year). Based on this estimate of continental growth and the previously documented sediment subduction and tectonic erosion rate (1.8 km³/year, 24 ), several examples of growth curves of the continental crust are presented here. These growth curves suggest that at least 50% of the present volume of the continental crust can be explained by arc magmatism. This conclusion indicates that arc magmatism is the most important contributor to the formation of continental crust, especially at the upper crustal level.