Isostatic response of the Laccadive Ridge from admittance analysis of gravity and bathymetry data

The Laccadive Ridge (L-R), trending roughly parallel to the west coast of India, is an intriguing segment of the northernmost Chagos-Laccadive Ridge (C-L-R) system. Although crustal nature and isostatic response of the southern C-L-R is well known, there are no similar studies on the L-R. In the present study, the isostatic response of the lithosphere beneath the L-R is estimated so as to characterize its crustal nature, total crustal as well as effective elastic plate thickness and mode of compensation. Twelve gravity and bathymetry profiles across the ridge were analyzed using linear transfer function and forward model techniques. The observed admittance function within the diagnostic waveband of 250 < λ > 80 km (0.025 < k > 0.080 km⁻¹) fits well with (i) the Airy model whose average crustal thickness (T_c) and density are 17 ± 2 km and 2.7 × 10³ kg m⁻³, respectively, and (ii) the thin plate flexure model of isostasy with an effective elastic plate thickness (T_e) of 2–3 km. The estimated average crustal thickness and density are in good agreement with published seismic refraction results over the ridge. The results of the present study support an Airy model of isostasy for the L-R. The low T_e value, in view of other published results in the study area, suggests stretched and loaded continental lithosphere of the L-R during the evolution of the western continental margin of India.     

Hydrocarbon accumulation in network and its application in the continental rift basin

The concept of hydrocarbon accumulation in network was presented on basis of the overall analysis of the formation and evolution characteristics of the continental faulted basin and of the systemic re-search on the major controlling factors on the hydrocarbon accumulation. The hydrocarbon accumu-lation in network can be defined as hydrocarbon accumulation in a three-dimensional network system which is constituted by the hydrocarbon migration passages under multiple dynamics,following the hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. The research shows that the hydrocarbon accumulation in network is composed of four elements,i.e.,hydrocarbon source (source rock kitchen),hydrocarbon accumulation terminal (trap),network pathway connecting source and terminal (transporting system),and network potential driving hydrocarbon migration in the network pathway (migration dynamics). Compared with other networks,hydrocarbon accumulation in network has three basic characteristics: the irreversible geological process of material and information flow in the network; the loss of material and information in the flow process in the network; the multiple dynamics in the flow process. Interac-tion of all the elements in the geological process can be called hydrocarbon accumulation in network. There are three basic models for hydrocarbon accumulation in network,that is,hydrocarbon accumu-lation in the network source area,hydrocarbon accumulation in the network pathway,and hydrocarbon accumulation in the network terminal. The key in the application of the hydrocarbon accumulation models in network in practice is to confirm the major accumulation stage and the function range of the four elements controlling the hydrocarbon firstly,to predict the profitable accumulation region by su-perposition of the favorable areas confirmed by four elements consequently,and to evaluate the oil-bearing property of the trap as well as confirm drilling targets. This paper takes the Dongying De-pression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an application example.     

Aluminum in the East China Sea and Okinawa Trough, marginal sea areas of the Western North Pacific

The distribution of aluminum (Al) in seawater has been investigated in the continental slope and the Okinawa Trough areas of the East China Sea, which is one of the marginal seas in the western North Pacific Ocean. Aluminum concentration in waters over the slope and the Trough ranged from 5.6 to 25 nmol/kg in the surface layer (0–100 m), and had a minima of 1.1 nmol/kg between 400 and 500 m depth and ranged from 1.3 to 9.7 nmol/kg in the deep or bottom waters. Aluminum values were higher than in the surface waters of the central North Pacific, while minimum values were similar to levels in the intermediate or deep waters of the central North Pacific, except for the bottom water over the slope. This suggests that the high Al concentration in the surface reflects the large atmospheric input of Asian dust around the western side of the North Pacific region. On the continental slope, Al concentrations in the upper 500 m depth decreased slopeward. This horizontal gradient of Al can be explained from the combination of dilution by upwelling of Al-poor water originated from the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) which intrudes into the mid-depth of the Okinawa Trough and the scavenging of Al by biogenic particles in the continental slope zone.     

河北省变质核杂岩

河北省变质核杂岩形成于中一新生代,围绕华北拗陷盆地呈环带状分布在太行山,燕山地区。分为穹状和长垣状两种。同美国科迪勒拉式变质核杂岩相比,在主拆离断层内缺失巨厚的韧性剪切带。其形成的动力机制包括岩浆底辟、区域大陆伸展和地幔（亚）柱上隆作用。     

吉林省延边地区二叠纪的三类植物群与古陆缘再造

吉林省延边地区早二叠世晚期－晚二叠世早期存在着开山屯、解放村、青沟子等二处不同类型的植物群、前者属华夏植物群,中间为华夏与安加拉混生植物群,后者则是安 拉植物群,反映出和龙地块北部陆缘活动带、兴凯地块西部陆缘活动带、佳木斯地块东南部陆缘活带达三者鼎足而立的古地理展布格局。阐明这三类不同植物群的古植物地理区的属性,不仅藉以证明上三地块间各自陆缘活动带的存在及其相互关系,且将为解决延边地区争论至今的二     

Microseismicity and focal mechanisms at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault and their implications for continental tectonics

For seven weeks, a temporary network of 68 seismological stations was operated in Central Greece, in the region of Thessaly and Evia, located at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault system. We recorded 510 earthquakes and computed 80 focal mechanisms. Seismic activity is associated with the NE–SW dextral North Aegean Fault, or with very young E–W-striking normal faults that are located around the Gulf of Volos and the Gulf of Lamia. The important NW–SE-striking faults bounding the Pilion, or the basins of Larissa and Karditsa, are not seismically active, suggesting that it is easier to break continental crust, creating new faults perpendicular to the principal stresses, than to reactivate faults that strike obliquely to the principal stress axes     

活动大陆边缘的板片窗构造

正俯冲的洋中脊的持续扩张作用将会使该洋中脊两侧的洋壳板片之间形成一个持续加宽的间隙,这个间隙称为板片窗。板片窗往往形成于小于10Ma左右具浮力的大洋岩石圈俯冲时期。板片窗形态依赖于3个主要因素：板块的相对运动、俯冲前的洋脊一转换断层组合样式、俯冲角度。影响板片窗形态的次要因素还有热侵蚀、相变等因素。在板片窗出现的活动大陆边缘,软流圈、岩石圈、大气圈、水圈发生独特的多圈层相互作用,是地球系统最为活跃的地带。由于该地带的洋底消减往往与生长轴呈一定角度相交,不仅引起盆地的不对称消减,而且使得板片窗之上的活动大陆边缘的构造、岩浆、成矿和热效应明显不同于洋中脊平行于俯冲带的消减作用产生的构造、岩浆、成矿和热效应。     

东海陆架盆地台北坳陷月桂峰组生物地层及古环境

月桂峰组分布于台北坳陷西带,上覆灵峰组、下伏石门潭组,由灰黑色泥岩、砂岩组成。在微体古生物和地球化学微量元素详细分析的基础上,确立它属古近纪古新世沉积,推测可能为古新世早期,该地层相当于苏北盆地阜宁组一段。月桂峰组所含孢粉、藻类化石组合及地球化学微量元素特征表明月桂峰组当时的沉积环境以淡水湖相为主,局部时期(晚期)可能演变成海陆交互相,或者受到海水的影响。     

先锋盆地超厚优质煤层的异地成因模式

云南先锋盆地赋存有超厚的优质褐煤。煤层中发育有着丰富的异地成因的沉积学标志。这些成因标志揭示了一种新的异地堆积亚模式,即“腐植型植物碎屑河流远源搬运→植物碎屑扇三角洲沉积+湖滨泥炭沼泽植物碎屑沉积+泥质碎屑沉积→洪水或水下重力流的混合和搬运作用→有机碎屑与无机碎屑的机械分异和再沉积”,简称为“湖相植屑扇三角洲-水下重力流二次堆积”,或者“先锋亚模式”。这种亚模式补充了作者原先所建立的中国中、新生代内陆断陷盆地超厚煤层的成因模式——“阜新亚模式”和“抚顺亚模式”,可以统称为“异地-微异地湖泊二次复合堆积模式”。     

海南岛东西陆架秋季悬浮体分布特征对比

2005年8月到10月国家海洋局第二海洋研究所在海南岛周围进行了近海底质和悬浮体的调查。利用悬浮体调查数据对比了海南岛东西两侧陆架悬浮体浓度的分布特征,并探讨影响其分布的因素。研究结果表明,海南岛东西两侧陆架的悬浮体在垂向上的分布形式基本有3种:增加型、C型和稳定型。海南岛东西侧陆架在悬浮体浓度分布方面存在较大差异,自然条件是造成这种差异的主要因素。物质来源对悬浮体体积浓度分布也有较大影响。悬浮体体积浓度在局部的高值、高梯度区与流系(如暖涡和上升流)有较为密切的关系。在东侧陆架,盐度分布与悬浮体的浓度分布有一定的关系。