Impact of evaporation on field capacity during water drainage redistribution in a soil

To this day, field capacity (FC) is rarely defined in the context of soil properties, and the use of non-physical simplistic models is the common way to normalize water content at FC. In this study, the problem of water drainage redistribution in a soil column with and without the presence of evaporation (EV) was extensively studied. Analytical solutions for the Richards equation were established for the case of water drainage redistribution through a deeply wetted soil water column with and without EV at FC conditions. Water retention and depth evolution curves were plotted first, using different EV values of (2 $\frac{\mathbf{mm}}{\mathbf{day}}$, 5 $\frac{\mathbf{mm}}{\mathbf{day}}$ and 8 $\frac{\mathbf{mm}}{\mathbf{day}}$) and second, for different drainage redistribution durations of (1 day, 4 days and 6 days) where EV was set to zero for the case with no EV or to a fixed value of 5 $\frac{\mathbf{mm}}{\mathbf{day}}$ for the case with EV. The results suggest that EV plays a significant role in soil water drainage suggesting that, in the presence of EV, the FC drying front reaches much higher depths in the soil water profile than if EV is turned off. It was also concluded that FC reaches deeper depths faster the stronger EV is acting at the surface of a soil water column. Additionally, the results suggest that the texture of the soil receiving drainage controls the amount of water available for EV and as a result, EV was found to play a stronger role the smaller the hydraulic conductivity of the soil is.     

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen content of density fractions and effect of meadow degradation to soil carbon and nitrogen of fractions in alpine Kobresia meadow

This research was conducted on the non-disturbed native alpine Kobresia meadow(YF) and the severely degraded meadow(SDL) of Dari County of Qinghai Province.By a density fractionation approach,each soil sample was divided into two fractions:light fraction(LF) and heavy fraction(HF).The obtained fractions were analyzed for organic carbon(OC) and nitrogen(N) concentrations.The results showed:(1) the OC concentration in HF and LF was 3.84% and 28.63% respectively while the nitrogen concentration in HF and LF wa...     

离子类土壤固化剂对高温冻土工程性质改良试验研究

为了研究离子类土壤固化剂对青藏高原高温冻土工程性质的改良效果,分别选用酸性和碱性离子类土壤固化剂对冻结青藏粉质黏土进行了改良测试。塑性指数测试表明,两种固化剂的最优含量为0.2%。固化剂含量小于0.3%时,冻结温度相对原状土样没有明显的下降。对不同含量碱性和酸性固化土力学性质进行了测试,无侧限单轴抗压强度相对原状土样整体增大,碱性和酸性固化土抗压强度最大分别提高了78.7%和46.6%,最优配比（0.2%）的碱性和酸性固化土体积压缩系数随养护龄期增大而减小,两种固化土的体积压缩系数相对原状土样最大分别下降了80.0%和38.5%,固化效果明显。碱性固化土力学性质变化更显著,说明其更适合对青藏黏土进行改良。     

碱渣土的振动排水固结特性试验研究

在土动三轴仪上模拟碱渣土压滤排水条件的基础上进行振动排水固结试验,根据不同固结压力、振幅和频率情况的试验与静压排水固结试验的比较,分析了振动排水固结特性以及振动排水效应,总结出振动排水的作用机制。试验表明,振动作用可明显地提高排水速度,增加排水量;固结压力、振幅和频率对碱渣土的振动排水效应产生明显影响。由此试验结果分析了现行碱渣土压滤技术脱水效果不佳的原因。给出的试验结果和振动排水的机制分析,对改进当前碱渣土压滤脱水技术及其工艺设计具有重要的指导意义和实用价值。     

断裂带土中氡浓度影响因素分析及特征曲线应用

土壤中的氡气（Rn）是研究断裂的一个有效手段,通过氡浓度变化曲线可以大致确定断裂带的位置、范围和产状等。一般而言,断裂带上方呈现Rn峰值异常,远离断裂带逐渐衰减至正常水平。土壤中氡浓度变化取决于断裂的规模、倾角、岩性、破碎带宽度、充填物透气性、覆盖层、地下水、稀释效应和放射性平衡等因素。     

软土后生作用的探讨

讨论了软土地区的褐黄色硬壳层、暗绿色硬土层和所谓“次生硬土”等特殊土层的成因,提出后生作用对软土改造的观点。这类土往往是建构筑物的天然地基或桩基持力层,因此进一步搞清其成因变化将是研究土力学和工程特性的重要地质学基础。     

双峰县金坑冲金矿地质特征及找矿前景

本文概述了金坑冲金矿地质特征,并对其矿化规律作了总结。在此基础上,依据地质类比与土壤地球化学测量成果,指出王家湾一丫头山一带,是找石英脉一蚀变岩型金矿的远景区。     

四川紫色土退化的分类与分区

四川紫色土耕地面积406.1万公顷,占全省耕地面积的36.5％,属全省农业生产的主体区域。四川紫色土普遍退化。退化分为物理性(含构造性)、化学性、营养性三类。用模糊综合评判方法,评价了四川(主要为盆地丘陵区)紫色土退化的程度和状况。同时又建立了退化紫色土的分区原则,将四川紫色土退化分布区域划分为6个退化亚区,10个退化小区。     

福州市农业土壤多环芳烃的含量、来源及生态风险

研究了福州市农业表层土壤（0-10cm）。中美国环境保护署（USEPA）优控的16种多环芳烃（PAHs）含量,并对其来源和生态风险进行了分析。结果表明,供试土样中16种PAHs检出率达到100％,其总量的含量范围为100.2-1215.1μgkg^-1,且与土壤总有机碳的含量呈显著正相关;土壤中PAHs主要源于生物燃烧和石油。利用毒性当量因子（TEF）计算了供试土样中PAHs单体相对于苯并[a]芘的毒性当量（Bapeq）,土样中总Bap。值的范围为12.50-147.95μgkg^-1,其中50％土样总Bapeq的值超过荷兰规定目标值（总Bapeq=32.96μgkg^-1）,表明福州市部分农业土壤存在一定的潜在生态风险。