Modeling contaminant transport in homogeneous porous media with fractional advection-dispersion equation

The newly developed Fractional Advection-Dispersion Equation (FADE), which is FADE was extended and used in this paper for modelling adsorbing contaminant transport by adding an adsorbing term. A parameter estimation method and its corresponding FORTRAN based program named FADEMain were developed on the basis of Nonlinear Least Square Algorithm and the analytical solution for one-dimensional FADE under the conditions of step input and steady state flow. Data sets of adsorbing contaminants Cd and NH4+-N transport in short homogeneous soil columns and conservative solute NaCI transport in a long homogeneous soil column, respectively were used to estimate the transport parameters both by FADEMain and the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) based program CXTFIT2.1. Results indicated that the concentration simulated by FADE agreed well with the measured data. Compared to the ADE model, FADE can provide better simulation for the concentration in the initial lower concentration part and the late higher concentration part of the breakthrough curves for both adsorbing contaminants. The dispersion coefficients for ADE were from 0.13 to 7.06 cm2/min, while the dispersion coefficients for FADE ranged from 0.119 to 3.05 cm1.856/min for NaCI transport in the long homogeneous soil column. We found that the dispersion coefficient of FADE increased with the transport distance, and the relationship between them can be quantified with an exponential function. Less scale-dependent was also found for the dispersion coefficient of FADE with respect to ADE.     

A novel technique for studying diffusion of contaminants in fine-grained soils

Diffusion is one of the predominant contaminant transport mechanisms in fine-grained soils. Usually, conventional methods such as half-cell and column tests are adopted for establishing diffusion characteristics of such soils. However, these techniques are destructive in nature, quite time-consuming, and require cumbersome chemical analysis of the soil and its pore-solution. Hence, development of a technique that would overcome these limitations and would yield precise results, in extremely short duration, becomes essential. With this in view, a modified Perspex diffusion cell with provision for inserting a series of stainless steel electrodes has been fabricated to monitor the diffusive contaminant transport, indirectly, based on the variation of electrical impedance of the soil. An LCR meter is employed to measure the electrical impedance of the soil across each electrode over a period. Further, the electrical impedance variation is indirectly correlated to the diffusion of contaminants that occurs in the soil. Details of the study and the test setup developed for this purpose are presented in this paper. It has been demonstrated that the technique based on electrical impedance measurement is quite useful and efficient for establishing diffusion characteristics of the fine-grained soil.     

Effects of varying estuarine conditions on the sorption of phenanthrene to sediment particles of Yangtze Estuary

The sorption of phenanthrene on the Yangtze Estuary sediment was studied under varying conditions of particle size, sediment organic contents, salinity, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations. Small sediment particles showed higher trapping capacity for phenanthrene due to the higher organic contents associated. The organic carbon-based partition coefficient of phenanthrene to the Yangtze Estuary sediment was obtained as 7120 L/kg, lower than the values for other soils or sediments reported in previous studies. The magnitude and direction of the salt effect were complicated by the specific DOM studied. The sediment sorption capacity was greatly increased in saline water in the absence of DOM but decreased in the presence of DOM. Given the conditions in the Yangtze Estuary, the equilibrium sorption of phenanthrene would be decreased with increasing salinity. Overall, the nature and content of both sediment-bound and dissolved organic matter dominate the sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants in the estuary.     

我国北方型裂隙岩溶水流及污染物运移数值模拟研究进展

简要回顾了近几十年来我国北方型裂隙岩溶水流及污染物运移数值模拟方面的研究成果,评述了裂隙岩溶水资源评价和污染物运移模拟的计算方法和模拟技术,其中对一些与数值模拟相关的重要问题、近年来研究的热点问题,如模型参数识别及其尺度效应问题、数值弥散和数值振荡问题、Non-Darcy流和Non-Fickian运移问题以及随机方法研究等进行了重点评述,对已有的解决办法进行了比较和对照,并探讨了今后的研究趋势.     

乌海市PM_（10）污染浓度与气象条件分析

乌海市PM10浓度与风速的关系明显。总体而言,PM10污染物浓度随风速的增大而增大;冬季当风速在3.1～4.0m.s-1时,PM10污染物浓度低。PM10浓度与地面风向的关系：春季偏西风时PM10污染浓度最高,偏北风时污染浓度最低;冬季东南风时污染浓度最高,西北风时污染浓度最低。PM10浓度与空气湿度的关系：冬季PM10污染浓度值随湿度的增加而增加,正相关比较明显。春季当空气湿度越小,出现重度污染的频率越高。     

地下水中常见有机污染物的原位治理技术现状

随着人类活动的加剧,地下水的污染日益严重,而有机污染的调查与防治也已受到了更多的关注。国外的地下水有机污染治理技术研究和实践已有较长的历史,取得了较多的成果。主要技术方法有曝气法、生物处理法,化学氧化法、植物修复、渗透性反应墙法等。近年来,国内也开始了地下水有机污染治理的研究和试验,但尚处于起步阶段。本文以地下水中常见的有机污染物为线索,总结了它们的来源、危害及国内外治理技术的现状,以期对地下水污染的调查与治理工作有所借鉴。     

吉林省通榆县地下水化学动态分析

通过对吉林省通榆县1991~1995年间地下水水化学成分及其变化特征进行分析,发现该区地下水水化学成分复杂,污染比较严重,尤其是氟污染最为严重,氟含量有逐年增加的趋势.地下水中主要离子含量与降水量、蒸发量密切相关.     

昆明地热田岩溶地下热水系统中溶质运移的模拟

通过对昆明地热田深层基岩地下热水系统的地质、水文地质条件和开采现状的分析,建立了考虑温压变化和越流条件的岩溶热储层中地下热水的水流和溶质(污染物)运移的准三维非稳定流数学模型.对开采条件下地热田Ⅱ块段地下热水系统中水位及F-、Cl-、NH+4、SO2-4浓度的模拟结果表明,所建立的模型合理、可靠,具有较高的仿真性.模型可预测不同条件下地热田地下热水的流场和溶质浓度的动态变化趋势,为防治地下热水环境的进一步恶化提供参考.     

渗透系数的空间变异性对污染物运移的影响研究

随机水文地质学方法,较传统的确定性方法而言,是解决非均质含水层中水流和溶质运移问题的一种更为合理的手段。据以往研究,假设渗透系数场遵循对数正态分布,利用直接傅立叶变换方法来生成渗透系数随机场。应用基于随机理论的蒙特卡罗方法,来研究渗透系数的空间变异性对污染物运移结果的影响。实例研究表明,污染物在含水层中运移过程中污染羽的展布范围(二阶矩)随着渗透系数空间变异方差的增大而扩大,而污染羽在空间上的质心位置(一阶矩)基本不受方差的影响,仅取决于渗透系数随机场的均值大小。另外还分析了污染羽在各点的浓度变化方差和变异系数分别随渗透系数变异方差的变化状况。     

有机单体同位素分析技术在地下水污染中的研究现状

有机单体同位素分析(CSIA)在地下水污染研究领域的测试数据主要应用于:确定污染物的来源;确定和量化污染场地的生物(或非生物)迁移反应;表征生成分子的元素反应机理.介绍了CSIA分析前处理技术及水污染研究领域中应用CSIA方法确定污染物来源和生物非生物降解分馏作用的研究进展,总结了CSIA技术在其他稳定同位素领域的研究进展和未来发展方向.