RCEP自贸区的建立及其成员国间贸易格局演化

RCEP自贸区是目前全球体量最大的自由贸易区,是中国推动多边贸易体制发展、引领包容性全球化的重要平台和载体。推动RCEP自贸区建设对中国对外贸易格局优化、形成国内国际双循环的新发展格局具有重要意义。本文梳理RCEP自贸区建立过程,解析RCEP成员国间贸易格局演变态势,以期为中国引领RCEP自贸区发展提供支撑。研究认为：①RCEP自贸区的建立可划分为构思、谈判和建设三个阶段,东盟发挥了核心引领作用,但中国的作用逐步增强;②2001—2019年,RCEP成员国间的贸易联系快速提升,总体经历了快速增长、平稳发展、波动上升三个时期,RCEP在世界贸易格局中的地位不断上升;③2001年以来,RCEP贸易网络由以日本为核心的单核结构逐渐转变为以中国、日本为核心的双核结构,再转变为以中国为核心的单核结构;④RCEP成员国间的贸易关系演化呈多样化特征,综合贸易规模和贸易集中度,可将各国演化模式划分为6类。其中,中国、越南、澳大利亚等国均属于快速增长型,在RCEP自贸区中的贸易地位明显上升;文莱、日本、新加坡等国家的贸易地位则下降比较明显。     

黑龙江省内部中长期城镇人口迁移行为分析与建模

人口迁移的时空分异与影响机制一直是人口学研究关注的焦点。本文基于社保关系转移视角,从时间和空间两个维度探究黑龙江省城镇工作人口省内的中长期迁移规律与时空分异特征,并且结合人口推拉理论与OD模型,综合考虑经济和就业政策因素,建立了能够反映以社保劳动关系转移为基础的中长期人口迁移动力学模型。研究结果表明：基于社保关系的城镇工作人口迁移符合截断指数幂律分布,呈现列维飞行特点;该省省内人口迁出呈现多层级跨区域分布格局,人口迁入呈现“四核心-环东南”格局,人口迁入与迁出空间格局具有一定程度的类似性;黑龙江省边境城市人口流失情况较为严重;城镇职工迁移行为的无序性不断加大,迁移的频率较高;但是经过通过模拟,该省城镇职工的迁移系统趋向于平衡发展。     

Influence of size on the constitutive equations of concrete or rock dowels

The numerical fracture analysis of non‐homogeneous rock or concrete dowels subjected to shear and compression is described in detail. The method of analysis allows the consideration of scale and rate effects due to material non‐homogeneity and fracture. The proposed approach is verified by comparing numerical predictions with experimental results reported in the literature for a series of small rock samples, since experimental evidence for large bodies is not yet available (2007). Results generated by Monte Carlo simulation using the so‐called discrete element method to model the dowels suggest that a simple three parameters law can be used to predict the relationship between tangential stress at the base and lateral distortion. It is observed that the larger the size of the cubes, the smaller both the peak tangential stress and the rupture distortion. Size effects are also evaluated in samples with vertical restraint. The influence of loading rate is likewise numerically assessed for two sample sizes. The effect is compatible with experimental evidence available for concrete using small samples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A high strain‐rate constitutive model for sand and its application in finite‐element analysis of tunnels subjected to blast

The paper presents a constitutive model for simulating the high strain‐rate behavior of sands. Based on the concepts of critical‐state soil mechanics, the bounding surface plasticity theory and the overstress theory of viscoplasticity, the constitutive model simulates the high strain‐rate behavior of sands under uniaxial, triaxial and multi‐axial loading conditions. The model parameters are determined for Ottawa and Fontainebleau sands, and the performance of the model under extreme transient loading conditions is demonstrated through simulations of split Hopkinson pressure bar tests up to a strain rate of 2000/s. The constitutive model is implemented in a finite‐element analysis software Abaqus to analyze underground tunnels in sandy soil subjected to internal blast loads. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of relative density and type of sand and of the depth of tunnel on the variation of stresses and deformations in the soil adjacent to the tunnels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于OpenSees的砂土本构模型对比研究

饱和砂土液化是由地震引起的一种最常见的工程地质现象,也是造成重大地震灾害的主要原因之一。由于成因的复杂性和所造成灾害的严重性,饱和砂土液化一直是土动力学和岩土地震工程研究领域的重要课题。针对饱和砂土液化问题,基于开源地震工程数值计算平台OpenSees,对材料库中的4种砂土本构模型进行数值计算。采用二维u-p单元模拟土颗粒位移和孔隙水压力,分析和对比4种模型在循环动力荷载作用下的加速度、超孔隙水压力、位移、剪应力-剪应变和平均有效应力路径方面的响应结果。研究结果表明:(1)砂土对输入加速度表现出一定的放大效应,对于不同的模型,该放大效应存在一些差异;(2) Stress Density模型在循环动力荷载作用下易产生永久变形;(3)在循环动力荷载作用下,PDMY模型和CycLiqCPSP模型的强度逐渐降低,直到完全消失;(4) Stress Density模型和Manzari Dafalias模型在循环动力荷载下表现出明显的剪胀效应。研究成果对砂土液化的数值模拟问题具有重要的理论价值,可为饱和砂土的液化模拟和砂土本构模型的选取提供参考。     

重金属污染物侵入对土体强度影响的试验研究

通过三轴试验、压缩试验和直剪试验对重金属污染土进行了研究,在100、200、300KPa围压条件下,对5种重金属含量不同的污染土试样:一般土、污染土(重金属元素质量比分别为:1%、3%、5%、7%)进行三轴对比试验,试验结果表明:污染土的强度随着重金属元素的含量的增加显著降低,围压增大对重金属含量低的污染土的强度的影响不显著,质量比小于3%时,峰值强度降低10%~15%,质量比大于5%时,峰值强度降低40%~50%;直剪试验结果表明:质量比小于3%的污染土抗剪强度-垂直压力曲线基本平行,垂直压力与抗剪强度成正比,抗剪强度降低幅度为5%~10%,质量比大于5%的污染土抗剪强度-垂直压力曲线表现为不规则,抗剪强度降低45%~55%左右;压缩试验结果表明,污染土与一般土的压缩量差别较大,质量比超过5%以上时对压缩性的影响尤为显著。     

复合面状对象拓扑关系的表达模型

为表达复合面状对象间的细节拓扑关系,对经典9-交集模型进行了改进,给出两种基于分解思想的9-交集模型,其中分解成简单区域的9-交集模型方法相对简单,但表现形式繁琐;分解成点集的9-交集模型的表现形式符合经典9-交集模型,但计算较为复杂。通过示例比较了两种扩展9-交集模型及经典9-交集模型的表达能力。结果表明,两种扩展交集模型均能准确地表达出复合面状对象各子部分之间的拓扑关系的细节,扩充了9-交集模型的表达能力。     

地理国情普查中地表覆盖分类数据典型问题解析

由于地理国情普查是一个全新的、有别于其他测绘项目的新兴项目,在生产过程中难免会出现各种各样的问题。本文结合生产实际,对于地表覆盖分类数据生产过程中出现的一些特征明显、问题集中的错误进行归类解析。     

Test on dynamic characteristics of subgrade of heavy-haul railway in cold regions

Dynamic characteristics of heavy-haul railway subgrade under vibratory loading in cold regions are investigated via low-temperature dynamic triaxial tests with multi-stage cyclic loading process. The relationship between dynamic shear stress and dynamic shear strain of frozen soil of subgrade under train loading and the influence of freezing temperatures on dynamic constitutive relation, dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio are observed in this study. Test results show that the dynamic constitutive relations of the frozen soils with different freezing temperatures comply with the hyperbolic model, in which model parameters a and b decrease with increasing freezing temperature. The dynamic shear modulus of the frozen soils decreases with increasing dynamic shear strains initially, followed by a relatively smooth attenuation tendency, whereas increases with decreasing freezing temperatures. The damping ratios decrease with decreasing freezing temperatures. Two linear functions are defined to express the linear relationships between dynamic shear modulus (damping ratio) and freezing temperature, respectively, in which corresponding linear coefficients are obtained through multiple regression analysis of test data.     

Experimenting with spaces of encounter: Creative interventions to develop meaningful contact

To-date geographical research on encounters has primarily comprised observation of naturalistic settings (both micro publics and everyday public spaces) or narrative accounts of encounters generated by conventional methods, this paper focuses on a contrived spatial experiment to create meaningful contact across difference. Inspired by, and drawing on insights from, Architecture – a discipline relatively neglected by geographers in recent times – we use a creative form of spatial play to stimulate groups of people to explore their differences and to develop shared understandings. Whereas previous studies have identified the importance of material objects in art projects and home spaces in mediating relations between people, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the physical configuration of space in work on encounters, despite the fact that geography is a spatial discipline. Here, we engage directly with the role of the form and function of space. Our spatial experiments demonstrate how paying attention to the materiality of micro-spaces rather than social relations alone, can provide insights into the generation of positive interactions by contributing to a greater understanding of how meaningful encounters happen, and what can be done to facilitate them. Specifically, by exploring the size and configuration of space, issues of ownership and surveillance, the relationship between primary and secondary space, and aural architecture this research identifies how working together to create a shared private or intimate space – might facilitate a sense of empowerment and the production of social relations characterised by democracy and inclusion.