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271.
Using wavelet analysis, regression analysis and the Mann-Kendall test, this paper analyzed time-series (1959–2006) weather
data from 23 meteorological stations in an attempt to characterize the climate change in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang
Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Major findings are as follows: 1) In the 48-year study period, average annual temperature,
annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity all presented nonlinear trends. 2) At the 16-year time scale, all
three climate indices unanimously showed a rather flat before 1964 and a detectable pickup thereafter. At the 8-year time
scale, an S-shaped nonlinear and uprising trend was revealed with slight fluctuations in the entire process for all three
indices. Incidentally, they all showed similar pattern of a slight increase before 1980 and a noticeable up-swing afterwards.
The 4-year time scale provided a highly fluctuating pattern of periodical oscillations and spiral increases. 3) Average annual
relative humidity presented a negative correlation with average annual temperature and a positive correlation with annual
precipitation at each time scale, which revealed a close dynamic relationship among them at the confidence level of 0.001.
4) The Mann-Kendall test at the 0.05 confidence level demonstrated that the climate warming trend, as represented by the rising
average annual temperature, was remarkable, but the climate wetting trend, as indicated by the rising annual precipitation
and average annual relative humidity, was not obvious. 相似文献
272.
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273.
异育银鲫气单胞菌病原菌鉴定和药敏试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从患病异育银鲫体内分离到5株可疑菌株,经API 20NE细菌生化鉴定,YCS07-03和YZ07-11株鉴定率为99.2%和99.3%。注射感染中5×108 CFU.mL-1剂量组表现出较强的致病性,12 d死亡率100%。菌株在营养肉汤培养液中呈均匀混浊状;在营养琼脂平皿中呈灰白色半透明菌落;在血琼脂培养基中呈光滑灰白色菌落,YZ07-11株出现透明的β溶血环;在TCBS培养基呈黄色菌落;在SS和麦康凯培养基中形成无色透明的扁平菌落。经负染电镜观察,菌株两端圆,呈直杆状,无芽孢,极生单鞭毛,菌株大小(短径×长径)分别为1.53μm×2.71μm和0.80μm×2.12μm。菌株经生化实验鉴定为温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)和嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)。试验结果表明:菌株对丁胺卡那霉素、头孢噻肟、庆大霉素、左氟沙星、复合磺胺、氟嗪酸、洛美沙星、复方新诺明、链霉素和新霉素均产生高度敏感;对万古霉素为中度敏感;氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素、强力霉素和青霉素产生耐药。 相似文献
274.
2013年以来,济南市为正确处理好保泉和市民饮用优质地下水的关系,组织实施了地表水转换地下水补源系列工程,旨在补源保泉的前提下开采地下水。大辛河地表水转地下水工程是其中重要的组成部分,为了查明大辛河渗漏补源后地下水的补给方向、径流速度等,在大辛河主要渗漏段开展了地下水示踪试验。结果显示:地下水渗漏补源后沿渗漏段—龙奥大厦—济南东区供水奥体加压站—贤文小区一线大体自南向北径流,视径流速度约45m/d,越往两侧流速越缓慢,表明大辛河地表水转地下水工程主要对东郊水源地进行补给,对市区四大泉群补给较弱。示踪试验得出的结论,对大辛河地表水转地下水工程运行具有重要指导作用,对后期管理部门合理规划补源、开采布局具有重要的借鉴意义,促进济南保泉和供水的有机统一。 相似文献
275.
276.
rmDUCnONInthecultUreofbenthicdiatomsasfeedforabalone,itisnecesoptoaddsomnu-trientssuchasnitIngen,Phosphorus,ironandsilicontotheSeawatermwhum.Thecom-monraioofthenutrientswas(lO-25):(l-2.5):o.l:l(mg/L)(Chenetal.,1977).Anstinetal-(l99o)rePOrtedthatheratioofnibogenandphosphorusinfluencedthebio-massdensityofthePeriphyton,whichInainlyconsistedOfbenthicdiatomPOPulations.However,theirrestiltswerenotbasedonmonoalgalwwh,andtherewerenodetallsonthereasonableratioofthesenutrientsintheirreports-Ther… 相似文献
277.
塔里木河流域径流变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
This paper has studied the change of streamflow and the impact of climatic variability conditions on regional hydrological cycle in the headwater of the Tarim River Basin. This study investigates possible causes of observed trends in streamflow in an environment which is highly variable in terms of atmospheric conditions, and where snow and ice melt play an important role in the natural hydrological regime. The discharge trends of three head streams have a significant increase trend from 1957 to 2002 with the Mann-Kendall test. Complex time-frequency distributions in the streamflow regime are demonstrated especially by Morlet wavelet analysis over 40 years. The purpose is to ascertain the nature of climatic factors spatial and temporal distribution, involved the use of EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) to compare the dominant temperature, precipitation and evaporation patterns from normally climatic records over the Tarim's headwater basin. It shows that the first principal component was dominated since the 1990s for temperature and precipitation, which identifies the significant ascending trend of spatial and temporal pattern characteristics under the condition of the global warming. An exponential correlation is highlighted between surface air temperature and mean river discharge monthly, so the regional runoff increases by 10%-16% when surface air temperature rises by 1 ℃. Results suggest that headwater basins are the most vulnerable environments from the point of view of climate change, because their watershed properties promote runoff feeding by glacier and snow melt water and their fundamental vulnerability to temperature changes affects rainfall, snowfall, and glacier and ice melt. 相似文献
278.
279.
Selection of sand models and identification of parameters using an enhanced genetic algorithm 下载免费PDF全文
Numerous constitutive models of granular soils have been developed during the last few decades. As a consequence, how to select an appropriate model with the necessary features based on conventional tests and with an easy way of identifying parameters for geotechnical applications has become a major issue. This paper aims to discuss the selection of sand models and parameters identification by using genetic algorithm. A real‐coded genetic algorithm is enhanced for the optimization with high efficiency. Models with gradually varying features (elastic‐perfectly plastic modelling, nonlinear stress–strain hardening, critical state concept and two‐surface concept) are selected from numerous sand models as examples for optimization. Conventional triaxial tests on Hostun sand are selected as the objectives in the optimization. Four key points are then discussed in turn: (i) which features are necessary to be accounted for in constitutive modelling of sand; (ii) which type of tests (drained and/or undrained) should be selected for an optimal identification of parameters; (iii) what is the minimum number of tests that should be selected for parameter identification; and (iv) what is the suitable and least strain level of objective tests to obtain reliable and reasonable parameters. Finally, a useful guide, based on all comparisons, is provided at the end of the discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
280.
Bettina Matti Helen E. Dahlke Bastien Dieppois Damian M. Lawler Steve W. Lyon 《水文研究》2017,31(24):4354-4370
Fluvial flood events have substantial impacts on humans, both socially and economically, as well as on ecosystems (e.g., hydroecology and pollutant transport). Concurrent with climate change, the seasonality of flooding in cold environments is expected to shift from a snowmelt‐dominated to a rainfall‐dominated flow regime. This would have profound impacts on water management strategies, that is, flood risk mitigation, drinking water supply, and hydro power. In addition, cold climate hydrological systems exhibit complex interactions with catchment properties and large‐scale climate fluctuations making the manifestation of changes difficult to detect and predict. Understanding a possible change in flood seasonality and defining related key drivers therefore is essential to mitigate risk and to keep management strategies viable under a changing climate. This study explores changes in flood seasonality across near‐natural catchments in Scandinavia using circular statistics and trend tests. Results indicate strong seasonality in flooding for snowmelt‐dominated catchments with a single peak occurring in spring and early summer (March through June), whereas flood peaks are more equally distributed throughout the year for catchments located close to the Atlantic coast and in the south of the study area. Flood seasonality has changed over the past century seen as decreasing trends in summer maximum daily flows and increasing winter and spring maximum daily flows with 5–35% of the catchments showing significant changes at the 5% significance level. Seasonal mean daily flows corroborate those findings with higher percentages (5–60%) of the catchments showing statistically significant changes. Alterations in annual flood occurrence also point towards a shift in flow regime from snowmelt‐dominated to rainfall‐dominated with consistent changes towards earlier timing of the flood peak (significant for 25% of the catchments). Regionally consistent patterns suggest a first‐order climate control as well as a local second‐order catchment control, which causes inter‐seasonal variability in the streamflow response. 相似文献