井地电法的准解析近似三维反演研究

研究复杂地电模型上的井地电法三维反演一直是一个具有挑战性的课题。本文在准解析近似和重加权正则化的共轭梯度法的基础上,用visualFortran6.5开发了井地电法三维准解析近似反演程序。反演过程中的正演和Frechet导数矩阵计算都应用准解析近似大大提高了计算的速度。通过理论模型的合成数据反演试算,说明基于准解析近似法和加权正则化的共轭梯度法的井地电法三维反演程序有着计算速度快,反演精度高等特点。     

大型方程组快速解算方法研究

本文研究了大型方程组的解算方法，给出了改进的共轭梯度算法和预条件共轭梯度算法，推导了相应的计算公式。对各种算法的计算效率进行了比较，结果表明，改进的共轭梯度法和预条件共轭梯度法能有效提高大型方程组的解算效率，其缺点是不能精确给出参数估值的验后协方差矩阵。     

腾冲——勐海共轭地震构造带

使用地震和地质资料的综合分析方法研究了腾冲一勐海地区地震破裂特征,结果认为:本区存在长400km,宽45km的地震构造带,它是由一条长400km,宽25km的NNW向右旋剪切带为主干和几条NE-NEE向左旋走滑断裂变切而成的共轭地震构造带.带内地震具有线性排列和统一的周期性活动.     

广义共轭梯度算法

在地球物理反问题的求解过程中,共轭梯度(CG)法是一种经典的、很有价值的主要算法之一。本文在经典的共轭梯度标准基础上,将进一步发展,推导出了求解阻尼最小二乘(LS)解和最小绝对值偏差(LAD)意义下的迭代再加权最小平方(IRLS)解的标准算法形式,从而使得CG法的应用更具一般性。为了更好地理解GCG法的性能,文中还给出了两个例子,并将计算结果与公认的、好的求解病态问题的奇异值分解(SVD)算法的计算结果进行了比较,结果表明:GCG法亦具有很强的求解病态问题的能力,精度高,且运算速度快。此外,GCG法还具有两个显着的特点:①算法简单、编程灵活;②可以保持系数矩阵的稀疏特征。     

FIRST REPORT OF BERO ZECO ACTIVE FAULT IN GÊRZÊ, NORTHERN TIBET

In the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, the active tectonics are primarily marked by conjugate strike slip faults and north-trending rifts, which represent the E-W extension since late Cenozoic of the plateau. The conjugate faults are mainly composed of NE-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults in Qiangtang terrane and NW-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults in Lhasa terrane. While, the rifts mainly strike N, NNW and NNE within southern Tibet. However, it is still a debate on the deformational style and specific adjustment mechanism of E-W extension. One of key reasons causing this debate is the lack of detailed investigation of these active faults, especially within the northwestern plateau. Recently, we found a 20km long, NNW-trending active fault at Bero Zeco in northwestern Tibet. This fault is presented as fault sag ponds, channel offsets and fault scarps. Displacement of channels and geomorphic features suggested that the Bero Zeco Fault(BZF)is a dextral strike-slip fault with a small amount of normal slip component, which may result from the E-W extensional deformation in the interior of Tibet. BZF strikes N330°~340°W, as shown on the satellite image. The main Quaternary strata in the studied area are two stages alluvial fans around the Bero Zeco. From the satellite images, the old alluvial fans were cut by the lake shoreline leaving many of lake terraces. And the young fans cut across the lake terraces and the old fans. By contrasting to the "Paleo-Qiangtang Huge Lake" since late Quaternary, these old alluvial fans could be late Pleistocene with age ranging from 40ka to 50ka. And the young fans could be Holocene. The sag ponds along the BZF are distributed in the late Pleistocene alluvial fans. Also, the BZF displaced the late Pleistocene fans without traces within Holocene fans, suggesting that the BZF is a late Pleistocene active fault. The fault scarps are gentler with the slope angle of around 10° and the vertical offset is about 2m by field measurement. Reconstruction of the offset of channels suggested that the accumulated dextral offset could be about 44m on the late Pleistocene alluvial fans. Therefore, we infer that the dextral slip-rate could be around 1mm/a showing a low-rate deformation characteristic. The angle between the strike of BZF and principal compressive stress axis(σ₁)is around 30°, which is significantly different to the other faults within the conjugate strike-slip fault zones that is 60°~75°. Now, the deformation mechanisms on these conjugate faults are mainly proposed in the studies of obtuse angle between the faults and σ₁, which is likely not applicable for the BZF. We infer that the BZF could be the northward prolongation of the north-trending rifts based on the geometry. This difference suggests that the conjugate strike-slip faults may be formed by two different groups:one is obtuse angle, which is related to block extrusion or shear zones in Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes possibly; the other is acute angle, which may represent the characteristics of new-born fractures. And more studies are needed on their deformation mechanisms.     

共轭剪切角的流变学意义

基于最大侧向位移速率假设(Maximum lateral displacement rate, 简称MLDR), 本文提出了一个关于共轭剪切角的流变学理论。根据这个假设, 无论是压应力或张应力作用在一个固体上, 剪切带总是沿着使得被剪切带分割的块体的侧向位移速率为最大的方向发育。换句话说, 如果平行于驱动应力的纵向位移速率或驱动应力的大小被看作为边界条件, 那些被剪开的块体总是以最快的可能速度从两侧挤出或饲入变形区。该理论的优点是:剪切位移的方向是可逆的。因此, 同一剪切带可以在挤压和拉张应力体系中活动。在各向同性固体中, 剪切带的方位和驱动应力方向之间的夹角θ由方程式 tan θ= 确定, 其中n为描述该固体塑性流动的幂指数。      

新疆巴楚地区共轭膝折带的物理模拟研究

本文以塔里木地区巴楚隆起地层及构造为原型,设计了3层结构模型:底部为黄油层,作为滑脱层;中间为黏土层,模拟该地区膝折发育的地层;上部为细砂层,模拟上部松散沉积.研究了挤压速率、黄油层厚度、砂层厚度等因素对共轭膝折带形成的影响,对共轭膝折带的形成和演化阶段进行分析.结果表明:形成膝折带的有利条件是较厚的基底滑脱单元、上覆...     

隧道勘探AMT数据二维非线性共轭梯度反演的关键参数探讨

研究了二维非线性共轭梯度反演对于铁路隧道音频大地电磁(AMT)勘探的适应性。通过模型反演实验,确定控制反演进程的关键参数选取方法,以便于在不损失分辨率的前提下避免假异常。实验结果表明,在类似的地电条件下:①采用TE+TM模式联合反演;②使用浅部细分网格以更好地拟合地形;③不使用1000 Hz以上易受干扰的数据;④使用较小的正则化因子;⑤选用中、浅层电阻率的均匀空间作为初始模型;以上这些手段能提升反演结果的准确性,更适应铁路隧道勘探解释需要。     

辽东半岛中强地震活动及其与构造相关性

辽东半岛是中强地震活动较多的地区,除1975年海城7.3级地震外,这一地区还记录了≥5级地震19次.区内中强地震分布具有较好的规律性,基本上局限于地震活动条带及其网格的结点部位,空间分布上与金州断裂、鸭绿江断裂等NE-NNE向断裂及其共轭的NW向构造一致,且多发于2组构造交会部位的构造盆地或偏于NW向的构造带附近.NE-NNE向和NW向断裂是在现今NEE向近水平主压应力作用下所形成的一对平移走滑性质为主的共轭剪切破裂面,NE-NNE向断裂属于继承性破裂,规模大,对区域地质构造格局及其演化具有控制作用;NW向断裂多属于新生破裂,其规模通常同与其交会的NE-NNE向断裂有一定的相关性.研究表明,辽东半岛中强地震活动受到了NE-NNE向断裂的控制,但其发震构造基本上是NW向断裂,同时,与NW向断裂的规模相关联,中强地震活动存在由N向S、由W向E逐渐减弱的变化规律,地震强度大致从7 ～7.5级降为5.5 ～6级.     

地面可控源频率测深三维非线性共轭梯度反演

讨论了地面可控源电磁勘探三维非线性共轭梯度反演的可行性以及反演过程中考虑场源的必要性.反演采用非线性共轭梯度反演方法.反演过程中,模型响应利用交错网格有限差分技术计算.反演数据采用与发射源平行的电场x分量E_x.利用层状导电模型作为背景,设计了两个理论模型进行数值试验:第一个模型中包含两个电阻率异常,以检验反演的有效性;第二个模型中,在测区外设置了一个低阻异常,以考察源的信息在反演中的作用.两个模型的反演分别从层状背景模型开始,迭代120次后终止.数值试验结果表明,(1)非线性共轭梯度反演所获得的电阻率分布和理论模型吻合较好;(2)非线性共轭梯度算法收敛速度较慢,需要较多的迭代次数完成反演;(3)对于可控源频率电磁勘探,必须考虑源位置信息.因此,本文采用考虑场源信息的地面可控源非线性共轭梯度反演方法能完成真正意义上的可控源频率电磁测深数据的反演.