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621.
The rapid economic and social developments in the Luoyuan and Lianjiang counties of Fujian Province, China, raise certain environment and ecosystem issues. The unusual phytoplankton bloom and eutrophication, for example, have increased in severity in Luoyuan Bay(LB). The constant increase of nutrient loads has largely caused the environmental degradation in LB. Several countermeasures have been implemented to solve these environmental problems. The most effective of these strategies is the reduction of pollutant loadings into the sea in accordance with total pollutant load control(TPLC) plans. A combined three-dimensional hydrodynamic transport-transformation model was constructed to estimate the marine environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand(COD). The allowed maximum loadings for each discharge unit in LB were calculated with applicable simulation results. The simulation results indicated that the environmental capacity of COD is approximately 11×104 t year-1 when the water quality complies with the marine functional zoning standards for LB. A pollutant reduction scheme to diminish the present levels of mariculture- and domestic-based COD loadings is based on the estimated marine COD environmental capacity. The obtained values imply that the LB waters could comply with the targeted water quality criteria. To meet the revised marine functional zoning standards, discharge loadings from discharge units 1 and 11 should be reduced to 996 and 3236 t year-1, respectively.  相似文献   
622.
BOOK REVIEWS     
Book Reviewed in this article: Redundant Spaces in Cities and Regions? Studies in Industrial Decline and Social Change . J. Anderson, S. Duncan and R. Hudson. eds. The Social Consequences and Challenges of New Agricultural Technologies . Gigi M. Berardi and Charles C. Geisler, eds. Determinants of Fertility in Developing Countries, Vol. I, Supply and Demand for Children . Rodolfo A. Bultao and Ronald D. Lee, eds. Computer Mapping: Progress in the‘80s . James R. Carter. Washington: Colonial Africa . A. J. Christopher. Geography of the Soviet Union . J. P. Cole. Chicago Mapmakers, Essays on the Rise of the City's Map Trade . Michael P. Conzen, ed. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists and the Ecology of New England . William Cronon. Mizner's Florida: American Resort Architecture . Donald W. Curl. Geographical Studies on the Soviet Union: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris . George Demko and Roland J. Fuchs, eds. Fluvial Hydrology . S. Lawrence Dingman. Pueblo Indian Water Rights: Struggle For a Precious Resource . Charles T. DuMars, Marilyn O'Leary and Albert E. Utton. Women in the Cities of Asia: Migration and Urban Adaptation . James T. Fawcett, Siew-Ean Khoo, and Peter C. Smith, eds. America's National Parks and Their Keepers . Ronald A. Foresta. Neighborhood Revitalization and the Postindustrial City . Dennis E. Gale. China in Canada: A Dialogue on Resources and Development . R. Louis Gentilcore, ed. China: The 80s Era . Norton Ginsburg and Bernard A. Lalor, eds. Boulder, CO: Global Resources: Challenges of Interdependence . Martin I. Glassner, ed. River Networks . Texas: A Geography . Terry G. Jordan with John L. Bean, Jr. and William M. Holmes. The American Frontier: An Archaeological Study of Settlement Pattern and Process . Kenneth E. Lewis. Water Resources, Geography and Law . Olen Paul Matthews. A Field Guide to American Houses . Virginia and Lee McAlester. Population: Patterns, Dynamics, and Prospects . James L. Newman and Gordon E. Matzke. Wood, Brick, and Stone, The North American Settlement Landscape, Vol. 1: Houses . Allen G. Noble. Historical Analysis in Geography . William Norton. The Displaced Worker and Community Response: Case Study of Portsmouth, Scioto County, Ohio . H. Milton Patton and Janet W. Patton. Disaster Management: Warning Response and Community Relocation . Ronald W. Perry and Alvin H. Muskatel. The Anthropology of Space: Explorations into the Natural Philosophy and Semantics of the Navajo . Rik Pinxten, Ingrid van Dooren, and Frank Harvey. What STYLE Is It? A Guide To American Architecture . John C. Poppeliers, S. Allen Chambers, Jr., and Nancy B. Schwartz. Appalachia: A Regional Geography—Land, People and Development . Karl Raitz and Richard Ulack. An Introduction to Urban Geography . John R. Short. Ford, A Village in the West Highlands of Scotland: A Case Study of Repopulation and Social Change in a Small Community . John B. Stephenson. Income and Jobs: USA Diagnosing the Reality . George Sternlieb and James W. Hughes. Weather and Climate of the Antarctic . W. Schwerdtfeger. History and Ecology: Studies of the Grassland, James C. Malin . Robert P. Swierenga, ed. Optimal Control of Spatial Systems . K. C. Tan and R. J. Bennett. Social Science and Revolutions . Stan Taylor. The Global Textile Industry . Brian Toyne, Jeffrey S. Arpan, David A. Ricks, Terence A. Shimp and Andy Barnett. Integrated Water Development: Water Use and Conservation Practice in Western Colorado . James L. Wescoat, Jr. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Maps and Graphics for the Visually Handicapped . Joseph W. Wiedel, ed.  相似文献   
623.
本文通过洛阳盆地地下水资源线性规划的实例,介绍了如何根据水文地质条件将盆地模型化,如何选择相应的解析公式并利用计算机对地下水资源进行线性规划的具体方法。计算结果与其它方法所得结果基本一致。  相似文献   
624.
Geologic surface interpolations can be augmented by adding physical constraints to available data. Here a method is outlined that allows one to constrain surface interpolations for two geologic surfaces based on the apparent thickness of the bounded layer. The resulting interpolation scheme is posed as a quadratic programming in which the interpolation of each surface is solved approximately and subject to linear constraints on the apparent thickness. Results can be further improved by adding cubic polynomials to the interpolating functions to regularize the problem. In one-dimensional interpolations of geologic folds, the method improves the results over unconstrained interpolations by eliminating interpenetrations (negative apparent thicknesses) and regions of small apparent thicknesses. In a two-dimensional application for the monocline at Raplee Ridge, UT, the capability of this method is illustrated by overcoming interpenetration of two surfaces, the tops of the Mendenhall oil sand and the Unnamed limestone. The minimum curvature spline interpolation is applied to topographic data taken from an airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) survey and interpolated by detailed geologic mapping. This method can be extended to allow for multiple layers.  相似文献   
625.
In this paper, liquefaction potential of soil is evaluated within a probabilistic framework based on the post-liquefaction cone penetration test (CPT) data using an evolutionary artificial intelligence technique, multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP). Based on the developed limit state function using MGGP, a relationship is given between probability of liquefaction (PL) and factor of safety against liquefaction using Bayesian theory. This Bayesian mapping function is further used to develop a PL-based design chart for evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil. Using an independent database of 200 cases, the efficacy of the present MGGP-based probabilistic method is compared with that of the available probabilistic methods based on artificial neural network (ANN) and statistical methods. The proposed method is found to be more efficient in terms of rate of successful prediction of liquefaction and non-liquefaction cases, in three different ranges of PL values compared to ANN and statistical methods.  相似文献   
626.
加权函数组合预测边坡变形模型的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
边坡变形监测是边坡监测的主要内容之一,其变形预测问题是边坡工程中主要技术难题之一。考虑边坡位移变形预测模型的局限性,如神经网络预测方法需要大量的实测数据作为学习样本,灰色系统模型要求原始数据序列必须满足指数规律,且数据序列变化速度不能太快等。建立了边坡变形反向传播神经网络预测模型,同时给出了灰色GM(1,1)边坡预测模型。提出边坡的神经网络与灰色系统加权函数组合预测模型,采用动态规划解法,将原模型转化为多阶段决策问题,使组合预测误差的平方和最小,得到组合权重,这样得到的变形预测结果的精度将大大提高,弥补了单一方法的局限性,满足工程预测的需要。通过边坡实例加以验证,加权函数组合预测模型的预测结果精度有一定提高,能够与实际监测数据相吻合,达到准确预测的目的。  相似文献   
627.
孙聪  李春光  郑宏  孙冠华 《岩土力学》2015,36(6):1784-1790
上限原理有限元法不仅可以得到边坡的安全系数,还可以给出临界滑动面,且具有比极限平衡法更严谨的理论基础,因此,拥有更广阔的应用前景。针对传统的上限有限元法不能考虑强度各向异性的问题,提出了一种新的摩尔-库仑屈服面线性化方法。该方法在对方位角离散化的基础上,建立了线性化的方位离散塑性流动约束方程,丰富了基于线性规划的上限法理论。两个算例结果表明:该方法可以稳定地从极限解的上方收敛;且对边坡进行稳定性分析,若忽略了边坡的强度各向异性,则会高估边坡的稳定性,得到较大的安全系数。  相似文献   
628.
综合分析高速公路高程设计与测量方法以及所采用的数学模型,利用VB语言编制高程计算程序,开发公路高程测量信息系统,并针对具体实例建立和应用所开发的高程信息系统。  相似文献   
629.
Book Reviewed in this article:

Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India. Rais Akhtarand A.T.A. Learmonth, eds.

Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment. Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica.

American Electoral Mosaics. J. Clark Archerand Fred M. Shelley.

Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie. W.S. Barnard, ed.

Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City. Yehoshua Ben-Arieh.

The World as a Total System. Kenneth E. Boulding.

A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed. John Burnett.

Human Migration. W.A.V. Clark.

Regional Population Projection Models. Andrei Rogers.

The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus. David Colemanand Roger Schofield, eds.

Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future. Joseph C. Corn, ed.

Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú. Michael R. Dove.

Glacial Geologic Processes. David Drewry.

Physics of Desertification. Farouk El-Bazand M.H.A. Hassan, eds.

Housing the Homeless. Jon Ericksonand Charles Wilhelm, eds.

Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map. Russel L. Gerlach.

Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands. Yehuda Gradus, ed.

Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks. Owen Greene, Ian Percivaland Irene Ridge.

The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City. Günter Heinritzand Elisabeth Lichtenberger, eds.

Regional Input-Output Analysis. Geoffrey J. D. Hewings.

Spatial Transportation Modeling. Christian Werner.

The Atlas of Georgia. Thomas W. Hodlerand Howard A. Schretter, eds.

Latin America. 5th ed. Preston E. Jamesand C.W. Minkel.

Applied Remote Sensing. C.P. Lo.

Localities, Class, and Gender. The Lancaster Regionalism Group.

Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells. Stuart Lowe.

Politics and Method. Doreen Masseyand Richard Meegan, eds.

Land Use. A. S. Mather.

The Kingdom of Coal. Donald L. Millerand Richard E. Sharpless.

The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700. Thomas H. Naylorand Charles W. Polzer, S.J., comps. andeds.

Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety. Stan Openshaw.

The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart. Thomas O'Toole.

Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology. Márton Pécsi, ed.

Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation. Floyd F. Sabins, Jr.

Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States. Jurgen Schmandtand Hilliard Roderick, eds.

Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology. M.J. Selby.

International Migration: The Female Experience. Rita J. Simonand Caroline B. Brettell, eds.

On Geography and Its History. D.R. Stoddart.

Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach. D. Teodorovic.

Processes in Physical Geography. R.D. Thompson, A.M. Mannion, C.W. Mitchell, M. Parry, J.R.G. Townshend.

Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys. J.W. Trevett.

Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets. Yi-Fu Tuan.

Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century. James E. Vance, Jr.

Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution. Edward Yourdon.  相似文献   
630.
The observed hydrogeochemical condition of groundwater at a particular well is usually represented as a mixture of various sources of pollution and background conditions and is given in terms of measurements of multiple dissolved inorganic water contaminants such as total dissolved solids (TDS). Concentrations from a given set of wells can be compared against one another in a variety of ways, but the consideration as to which chemical concentrations are best related to one another is limited. In this analysis, an example is given to show that if there are a total of N concentration values, all N must be considered simultaneously in order to ascertain whether the observed conditions at the well can be explained as a mixture, and this can be done by solving a quadratic programming problem-convex hull.
Resumen La condición hidrogeoquímica observada en un pozo particular es generalmente resultante de la mezcla de varias fuentes de contaminación y las condiciones antecedentes y se traduce en términos de medidas de múltiples contaminantes inorgánicos disueltos tal como los sólidos totales disueltos (STD). Las concentraciones de un conjunto de pozos pueden ser comparadas unas contra otras por una variedad de métodos pero la consideración de las concentraciones químicas que mejor se relacionan es limitada. En este análisis se introduce un ejemplo que muestra que si existe un total de N valores de concentración, todos los N deben ser considerados simultáneamente a fin de establecer si las condiciones observadas en el pozo pueden ser explicadas como una mezcla. Esto se realizada por resolución de un problema cuadrático de envolvente convexa.

Résumé L’état hydrogéochimique des eaux souterraines observé au droit d’un puits particulier est usuellement représenté comme un mélange de diverses sources de pollutions et de bruits de fond et est donné en terme de mesures de plusieurs contaminants inorganiques dissous, comme les solides totaux dissous par exemple (STD). Les concentrations issues d’un groupe de puits peuvent être comparées entre elles de différentes manières, mais le souhait de corréler au mieux telle concentration chimique avec une autre est limité. Dans cette étude, l’exemple traité montre que s’il existe un nombre total N de valeurs de concentration, ces Nvaleurs doivent être considérées simultanément afin de déterminer si les conditions observées au puits peuvent s’expliquer en terme de mélange ; ceci peut être réalisé en résolvant un problème quadratique programmable-une enveloppe convexe.
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