BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India . Rais Akhtar and A.T.A. Learmonth , eds . Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment . Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica. American Electoral Mosaics . J. Clark Archer and Fred M. Shelley . Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie . W.S. Barnard , ed . Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City . Yehoshua Ben -Arieh . The World as a Total System . Kenneth E. Boulding . A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed . John Burnett . Human Migration . W.A.V. Clark . Regional Population Projection Models . Andrei Rogers . The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus . David Coleman and Roger Schofield , eds . Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future . Joseph C. Corn , ed. Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú . Michael R. Dove . Glacial Geologic Processes . David Drewry . Physics of Desertification . Farouk El -Baz and M.H.A. Hassan , eds . Housing the Homeless . Jon Erickson and Charles Wilhelm , eds . Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map . Russel L. Gerlach . Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands . Yehuda Gradus , ed . Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks . Owen Greene , Ian Percival and Irene Ridge . The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City . Günter Heinritz and Elisabeth Lichtenberger , eds . Regional Input-Output Analysis . Geoffrey J. D. Hewings . Spatial Transportation Modeling . Christian Werner . The Atlas of Georgia . Thomas W. Hodler and Howard A. Schretter , eds . Latin America. 5th ed . Preston E. James and C.W. Minkel . Applied Remote Sensing . C.P. Lo . Localities, Class, and Gender . The Lancaster Regionalism Group . Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells . Stuart Lowe . Politics and Method . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan , eds . Land Use . A. S. Mather . The Kingdom of Coal . Donald L. Miller and Richard E. Sharpless . The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700 . Thomas H. Naylor and Charles W. Polzer , S.J., comps . and eds . Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety . Stan Openshaw . The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart . Thomas O'Toole . Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology . Márton Pécsi , ed . Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation . Floyd F. Sabins , Jr . Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States . Jurgen Schmandt and Hilliard Roderick , eds . Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology . M.J. Selby . International Migration: The Female Experience . Rita J. Simon and Caroline B. Brettell , eds . On Geography and Its History . D.R. Stoddart . Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach . D. Teodorovic . Processes in Physical Geography . R.D. Thompson , A.M. Mannion , C.W. Mitchell , M. Parry , J.R.G. Townshend . Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys . J.W. Trevett . Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets . Yi -Fu Tuan . Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century . James E. Vance , Jr . Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution . Edward Yourdon .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Latin America: Case Studies . Richard G. Boehm and Sent Visser Locality and Rurality: Economy and Society in Rural Regions . Tony Bradley And Philip Lowe The City and the Grassroots . Manuel Castells Geopolitics and Conflict in South America. Quarrels among Neighbors . Jack Child Post-Industrial America: A Geographical Perspective . David Clark Coastal Research: UK Perspectives . Malcolm W. Clark A Rural Policy for the EEC? Hugh Clout Peasant Agriculture in Assam: A Structural Analysis . M. M. Das . Environmental Change and Tropical Geomorphology . I. Douglas and T. Spencer Advances in Abandoned Settlement Analysis: Application to Prehistoric Anthrosols in Colombia, South America . Robert C. Eidt Measuring Culture . Jonathan L. Gross and Steve Rayner North America: A Human Geography . Paul Guinness and Michael Bradshaw A Geographical Bibliography for American Libraries . Chauncy D. Harris et al. Geography and the Urban Environment: Progress in Research and Applications, Vol. VI . D. T. Herbert and R. J. Johnston Changes in Global Climate: A Study of the Effect of Radiation and Other Factors During the Present Century . K. Ya . Kondrat'ev . Rural Development and the State: Contradictions and Dilemmas in Developing Countries . David A. M. Lea and D. P. Chaudhri The Martial Metropolis: U.S. Cities in War and Peace . Roger W. Lotchin The Climate of the Earth . Paul E. Lydolph . Weather and Climate . Paul E. Lydolph . Spatial Divisions of Labor: Social Structures and the Geography of Production . Doreen Massey . Panorama of the Soviet Union . N. Mikhailov . Soviet Armenia . K. S. Demirchian . USSR: Geography of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period . K. Spidchenko . Planung und Verwirklichung der Wiener Ringstrassenzone (Planning and Materialization of the Ringstrasse-Zone of Vienna). Kurt Mollik , Hermann Reining , Rudolf Wurzer . The American West Transformed: The Impact of the Second World War Gerald D. Nash . An Overview of the Survey of Income and Program Participation . Dawn Nelson , David Mc Millen, and Daniel Kasprzyk . Phenomenology, Science and Geography: Spatiality and the Human Sciences . John Pickles . Biological Diversification in the Tropics . Ghillean T. Prance Die Wanderviehwirtschaft im gebirgigen Westen der U.S.A. und ihre Auswirkungen im Naturraum . Gisbert Rinschede . Social and Economic Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal: Considerations for Institutional Management . World-Wide Weather . K. Takahashi Coastal Geomorphology in Australia . B. G. Thom Settlement System in Rural India: A Case Study of the Lower Ganga-Yamuna Doab . Ram Chandra Tiwari . Computer Programming for Geographers . David J. Unwin and John A. Dawson . Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union . A. A. Velichko, ed . H. E. Wright , Jr. and C. W. Barnosky Ethics in Planning . Martin Wachs     

基于方位离散线性化的上限原理有限元法

上限原理有限元法不仅可以得到边坡的安全系数,还可以给出临界滑动面,且具有比极限平衡法更严谨的理论基础,因此,拥有更广阔的应用前景。针对传统的上限有限元法不能考虑强度各向异性的问题,提出了一种新的摩尔-库仑屈服面线性化方法。该方法在对方位角离散化的基础上,建立了线性化的方位离散塑性流动约束方程,丰富了基于线性规划的上限法理论。两个算例结果表明：该方法可以稳定地从极限解的上方收敛;且对边坡进行稳定性分析,若忽略了边坡的强度各向异性,则会高估边坡的稳定性,得到较大的安全系数。     

嵌入法地下水管理模型的分段决策技术

以地下水流的支配方程(有限元形式)作为线性规划的部分约束条件构成的地下水管理模型,称之为嵌入法;以各时段内务节点的水头之和最大作为目标函数在各时段内寻优,就是本文探讨的地下水管理模型的分段决策技术。该模型所形成的庞大的约束矩阵,往往需要超大容量计算机。本文利用线性变换消去约束条件中的有限元方程,并将决策变量转化为该时段的抽水量和补给量。将该模型运用于一个实际水源地,其结果令人满意,说明此模型是具有实用意义的。     

中高度极隙区电磁不稳定性

研究了中高度（离地心３－４个地球半径）极隙区上行电子束流和上行氧离子（ｏ^＋）锥引起的沿磁力线传播的电磁不稳定性．采用的物理模型假定：上行电子具有单能束流分布函数，而上行氧离子（ｏ^＋）锥可用单能环－束分布函数来描述．结果表明，左旋和右旋圆偏振的低频电磁模是不稳定的，激发不稳定性的自由能源主要由上行电子束流提供，而上行氧离子（ｏ^＋）锥因自由能太小只影响频率色散关系，上行粒子（电子和氧离子）与背景等离子体密度比的变化对电磁不稳定性有重要影响．这些结果对解释权隙区纬度地面站低频电磁波观测资料和理解极隙区动力学过程是很有益的．     

枣庄地下水与水资源可持续开发利用规划研究

缺水制约着中国北方及东部沿海城市的经济发展。本项研究探讨以能源原材料工业为主的粗放型工业地区的水资源可持续开发利用规划问题。在对枣庄市水资源条件研究与供需平衡分析基础上,充分考虑水资源的自然属性,生活资料属性,商品属性和环境因子功能,用多目标线性规划方法进行了水资源开发规划,提出了水资源可持续开发利用的管理建议,以期达到水资源开发利用与社会,经济,环境的协调发展。     

灌溉水资源最优分配的DP-DP法

在缺水地区,为了增加农作物产量,实行节水灌溉和对有限的灌溉水资源进行最优分配至关重要。因此,提出了一种对有限灌溉水量在多种作物之间进行最优分配的两层动态规划的迭代方法(DP-DP法):第一层求单作物最优灌溉制度;第二层对有限灌溉水量在多种作物之间进行最优分配,总目标是使灌区的总效益最大。算例验证表明,模型合理,方法切实可行。还设计了通用高效的FORTRAN语言程序包,有利于方法的推广应用。     

桩基完整性检测与面向对象编程

根据反射波法原理,探讨应力波在一维变截面和不同周土中的传播及反射,从数值分析的角度推导相应的计算公式,并利用面向对象编程实现该计算方法。     

Matlab三维可视化编程在砂岩型铀矿勘查中的应用

根据Matlab编程简单、数据处理功能强大和图形可视化方便的特点,提出了将Matlab三维可视化编程、系列物探曲线解译和砂岩型铀矿理论相结合的找矿方法。通过实例验证表明,该方法能有效地识别矿体、追索矿体走向、圈定矿体范围、分析沉积环境,可在铀矿勘查中发挥重要作用。     

无线电波坑透数据处理系统的设计

采用汉化的FORTRAN语言,设计了无线电波坑透数据处理系统软件。该软件可在各种类型的PC机上运行;模块化结构,便于解释人员选择不同的数据处理方式;中文菜单及人机对话式提示,一目了然;图形可在显示器和各型打印机上输出;程序运行速度快,操作简单,易于解释人员掌握。