Spatial data for landslide susceptibility, hazard, and vulnerability assessment: An overview

The aim of this paper is to discuss a number of issues related to the use of spatial information for landslide susceptibility, hazard, and vulnerability assessment. The paper centers around the types of spatial data needed for each of these components, and the methods for obtaining them. A number of concepts are illustrated using an extensive spatial data set for the city of Tegucigalpa in Honduras. The paper intends to supplement the information given in the “Guidelines for Landslide Susceptibility, Hazard and Risk Zoning for Land Use Planning” by the Joint ISSMGE, ISRM and IAEG Technical Committee on Landslides and Engineered Slopes (JTC-1). The last few decades have shown a very fast development in the application of digital tools such as Geographic Information Systems, Digital Image Processing, Digital Photogrammetry and Global Positioning Systems. Landslide inventory databases are becoming available to more countries and several are now also available through the internet. A comprehensive landslide inventory is a must in order to be able to quantify both landslide hazard and risk. With respect to the environmental factors used in landslide hazard assessment, there is a tendency to utilize those data layers that are easily obtainable from Digital Elevation Models and satellite imagery, whereas less emphasis is on those data layers that require detailed field investigations. A review is given of the trends in collecting spatial information on environmental factors with a focus on Digital Elevation Models, geology and soils, geomorphology, land use and elements at risk.     

Spatial-temporal patterns of China’s interprovincial migration, 1985-2010

Migration plays an increasing role in China's economy since mobility rose and economic restructuring has proceeded during the last three decades. Given the background of most studies focusing on migration in a particular period, there is a critical need to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of migration. Using bicomponent trend mapping technique and interprovincial migration data during the periods 1985-1990, 1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2005, and 2005-2010 we analyze net-, in-, out-migration intensity, and their changes over time in this study. Strong spatial variations in migration intensity were found in China's interprovincial migration, and substantial increase in migration intensity was also detected in eastern China during 1985-2010. Eight key destinations are mostly located within the three rapidly growing economic zones of eastern China (Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region), and they are classified into three types: mature, emerging, and fluctuant origins, while most key origins are relatively undeveloped central and western provinces, which are exactly in accordance with China's economic development patterns. The results of bicomponent trend mapping indicate that, in a sense, the migration in the south was more active than the north over the last three decades. The result shows the new changing features of spatial-temporal patterns of China's interprovincial migration that Fan and Chen did not find out in their research. A series of social-economic changes including rural transformation, balanced regional development, and labor market changes should be paid more attention to explore China's future interprovincial migration.     

燕山西部尚义盆地沉积岩区专题地质填图方法与成果

燕山运动是中国东部晚中生代重要的陆内造山运动,具有广泛而深远的地质影响。虽然前人对燕山运动的研究已近百年,积累了大量研究成果,然而目前对于燕山造山带的陆内造山过程仍存在很大争议。针对这一科学问题,选取燕山西部尚义盆地开展了1∶5万专题地质填图。在此基础上,通过盆地充填序列、岩相、沉积环境、物源的综合分析,恢复了盆地岩相古地理,建立了盆地演化模型,并探讨了燕山造山带陆内造山过程的沉积响应。根据沉积岩区岩相组合填图方法,绘制了1∶5万组-相级岩相分布图。燕山西部尚义盆地侏罗纪—早白垩世早期沉积演化记录了燕山造山带造山前伸展、同造山挤压和造山后伸展的全过程。     

基于GIS的地震专题图制图中的功能开发

在探索基于GIS的地震专题制图自动化中,开发建立了基于TrueType技术的地震专题符号库,提出了地震制图自动化中线型和面型的解决方法,利用二次开发弥补了MapInfo软件在标注功能上的不足,基本满足了地震专题制图的要求。     

Wavelet analysis and interpretation of gravity data in Sichuan-Yunnan region, China

Introduction Sichuan-Yunnan region, located in the east margin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetean) Plateau, is a transitional zone between the rapidly upheaving Tibetean Plateau and relatively steady Yangtze Platform. Under the pressure exerted by the northward movement of Indian Plate, Sichuan-Yunnan region has been undergone strong deformation and regmagenesis, becoming one of the regions with the most intensive seismicity in the world. The research on the tectonics and seismicity there is alw…     

我国测绘卫星的发展思路和应用展望

国家测绘局经过多年的研究开发,已基本形成了卫星测图的科学生产工艺,对于更大程度上发挥卫星遥感应用潜力起到了积极推动作用。为适应遥感技术的发展,国家测绘局已经于2005年编制了《测绘部门十一五航天规划(草案)》,测绘卫星计划包括研制发射我国自主的测绘系列卫星和建立自主版权的测绘卫星综合应用服务体系。高分辨率测绘系列卫星包括:高分辨率光学立体测图卫星、干涉雷达卫星、激光测高卫星和重力卫星等。随着我国航天事业和卫星制造技术的蓬勃发展,未来的卫星测绘应用能力将得到进一步加强。     

澳大利亚三维地质填图进展与实例

三维地质填图是目前国际上实现深部找矿勘查突破的重要途径,其通过对多元数据的集成,将不同学科、不同尺度的数据在三维空间中进行分析和对比,展示研究区地质体、构造之间的空间、成因和演化关系,有助于理解成矿系统和开展流体模拟,进而预测深部找矿靶区。本文从三维地质填图的概念出发,介绍了三维地质填图的工作流程和常用的工作平台。结合澳大利亚三个三维地质填图实例,介绍了三维地质填图在成矿带、油气和水资源领域中的应用和进展。通过对澳大利亚三维地质填图的综合分析,提出了对我国开展三维地质填图工作启示和建议。     

测绘在社会主义新农村建设中的作用

从党的十六大和十届全国人大五次会议确定的建设社会主义新农村的主要任务着手,指出了测绘工作在社会主义新农村建设中的重要作用,阐述了测绘部门在社会主义新农村建设中的主要任务并提出了相关建议。     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

Software Reviews are in this Article CCS Designer Version 3.0. CoStat Version 3.03; CoPlot Version 1.03, and CoDraw Version 1.03. LASERCAD Version 5.0. 1988. SPSS/PC + Studentware. 1988. SURVEY SYSTEM 1.1C , Version 3.0. THEMAPS Version 1.0.     

地面数字化测图网络自主学习系统的设计与实现

以地面数字化测图模拟与仿真平台为基础,研究基于GIS技术的地面数字化测图模拟与仿真平台可视化仿真方法,建立地面数字化测图网络自主学习系统,引导学生在提出问题的基础上自主选择解决问题的方法、途径和工具,建立探究性实验教学模式,从而培养学生的实践和创新能力。