中国创新型城市的可持续发展——定量评估与创新未来(英文)

Innovative cities not only constitute an important basis for innovation activities, but also play a strategically critical role in constructing an innovative country, producing new forms of urban development, and fostering urban sustainable development. Currently, China is marching toward the goal of establishing an innovative country by 2020, but in the start-up phase of this process of innovative city construction, the fundamental transition from factor-driven development to innovation-driven development is not being realized. As a result,a wide gap currently exists between China's innovative cities and the advanced innovative cities in developed countries. This paper argues that this necessary transition is being constrained by a series of bottlenecks in investment, income, techniques, contributions, and talents. The article takes 287 prefecture-level cities as its object of comprehensive assessment, developing a comprehensive assessment system for innovative cities and devising innovative monitoring system software in order to evaluate the current situation in China's innovative city construction. The analysis addresses four key aspects – namely,independent innovation, industrial innovation, living environmental innovation, and institutional innovation – as well as the spatial heterogeneity of the innovative city construction process. The results demonstrate that the level of innovation in Chinese cities is low, and the paper warns that building an innovation-oriented country will, as a consequence,be difficult. Some 87.8% of the cities studied maintained comprehensive levels of innovation that were lower than the national average. The level of comprehensive innovation in a city was found to have close and positive correlation with economic development. The level of the eastern region of China was, in particular, found to be significantly higher than that of the central and western regions. The levels of urban independent innovation, industrial innovation,environmental innovation, and institutional innovation showed consistent spatial heterogeneity, as did the comprehensive level of innovation in cities. In the future, the authors suggest, China should speed up the construction process in accordance with the basic principles of "independent innovation, breakthroughs in key fields, market-oriented, regional interaction, talent-supported," with the purpose of building up Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai,and Guangzhou as global innovation centers; and Nanjing, Suzhou, Xiamen, Hangzhou, Wuxi,Xi'an, Wuhan, Shenyang, Dalian, Tianjin, Changsha, Qingdao, Chengdu, Changchun, Hefei,and Chongqing as national innovation centers, by 2020. Through this process, China will finally build a national urban innovation network that includes 4 global innovative cities, 16 national innovative cities, 30 regional innovative cities, 55 local innovative cities, and 182innovation-driven development cities, thereby contributing to the establishment of an innovative country by 2020.     

Analogue-Dynamical Prediction of Monsoon Precipitation in Northeast China Based on Dynamic and Optimal Configuration of Multiple Predictors

Supported by the Special Public Welfare Research Fund for Meteorological of Profession China Meteorological Administration (GYHY200806005), National Natural Science Foundation of China (40875040 and 40930952), and National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2007BAC29B01 and 2009BAC51B04).     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000029

The Preandean geological configuration of the eastern North Patagonian Massif is established through the use of geological and geophysical analysis.The positive gravity anomalies located near the Atlantic coast are due to 535 and 540 Ma old rocks belonging to the Pampean Orogeny （Precambrian-middle Cambrian）,which are widely recognized in central and northern Argentina.The Famatinian Cycle （Ordovician-Devonian） is represented by a Silurian-Devonian marine basin equivalent to those of eastern-central Argentina and South Africa,and which was deformed at the end of the Devonian byan～E-W to WNW-ESE compressional event,part of the Famatinian Orogeny.Containing strong gravity gradients,the NW-SE belt is coincident with fault zones which were originated during the Gondwanide Orogeny.This event also produced NW-SE overthrusting of the Silurian-Devonian sequences and strike-slip faults that displaced blocks in the same direction.This deformation event belongs to the Gondwanide Orogeny that includes movements related to a counterclockwise rotation of blocks in northern Patagonia.The strong negative anomalies located in the western part of the area stem from the presence of rocks of the Jurassic Ca（n）adón Asfalto basin interbedded in the Marifil Complex.These volcaniclastic sequences show mild deformation of accommodation zones in a pre-Jurassic paleorelief.     

陡波型柔性立管浮力块参数优化及应用

浮力块分布和外径等参数直接影响柔性立管在环境载荷作用下的动力响应,对某深水柔性立管进行陡波型布置,开展时域内的整体动态有限元分析,得到浮力块分布和外径对柔性立管动力响应的影响规律,表明浮力块参数是陡波型柔性立管整体设计的一个重要因素。立管动力响应是弯曲加强器的设计载荷,根据上述规律,构造具有不同浮力块参数的柔性立管模型,进行多工况动态分析,通过对比弯曲加强器设计载荷对(T,θ)的散点图,得到弯曲加强器设计载荷优化方法及最优设计载荷。     

基于Voronoi图的岛礁水道空间配置模型研究

水道是连接两侧大陆或岛屿的狭长水域,是水上的生命线。在海洋中,水道通常与岛屿相伴而生,特别在礁体丛生的海域,岛礁与水道间的关系更为微妙,岛礁的价值在某些方面体现在其对水道安全的影响。本文以岛礁和水道的空间配置为出发点,提出基于Voronoi图的岛礁水道空间配置模型,利用岛礁对水道的控制强度,从水道的安全角度,描述岛礁的价值。最后,利用相关数据计算岛礁对水道的控制范围及强度,对岛礁与水道间的空间配置关系进行探讨。结果表明,空间配置关系是影响岛礁对水道的控制的重要因素,在空间相互关系的制约下岛礁的区位优势更能凸现其对水道的有效控制。该模型对海洋中岛礁分布区的水道安全及岛礁价值的研究有着重要的意义。     

Local spatial context measurements used to explore the relationship between land cover and land use functions

Research making use of satellite data for land change science has developed in the last decades. However, analysis of land use has not developed with the same speed as development of new satellite sensors and available land cover data. Improvement of land use analysis is possible, but more advanced methods are needed which make it possible to link image data to analysis of land use functions. To make this linking possible, variable which affect farmer's long term decisions must be taken into account in analysis as well as the relative importance of the landscape itself.A GIS-based tool for the measurement of local spatial context in satellite data is presented in this paper and used to explore the relationship between land covers present in satellite data and land use represented in official databases. By the use of the developed tool, a land configuration image (LCI) over the Siljan area in northern Sweden was produced and used for analysis. The results are twofold. First, the produced LCI holds new information about variables that are relevant for the interpretation of land use. Second, the comparison with statistics of agricultural production shows that production in the study area varies depending on the relative land configuration. Villages consisting of relatively large-scale arable fields and less diverse landscape are less diverse in production than villages which consist of smaller-scale and more heterogonous landscapes. The result is especially relevant for land use studies and policymakers working on environmental and agricultural policies. We conclude that local spatial context is an endogenous variable in the relation between landscape configuration and agricultural land use.     

瞬变电磁测量框外测深装置及其应用

文中提出了一种新的瞬变电磁测量装置——框外测量测深法,该方法通过在框外20～25m处测量测深点代替框中心回线测深.其特点是在精确测量时,该方法可以很好地抑制发射线圈自感噪音影响,提高精测分辨率,并加深探测深度.通过与中心回线装置对比测量实验及实际生产应用,认为该装置应用效果好,值得在今后工作中推广应用.     

低渗煤层注入/压降试井注入时间研究

为了得出低渗煤层注入/压降试井出现径向流时注入时间的大致范围,基于注入/压降试井的理论及经验,经过大量实测数据的研究和现场实地测试,提出了减小井储畸变时间、延长测试时间的可行措施,以及在煤层气参数井实行三开井制的理念。结果表明,在一定的测试时间内,对于低渗煤层注入/压降试井要出现径向流,必须在井筒安全的情况下保证注入时间(t_inj)大于 3倍的井储畸变时间(t_wb),关井时间(t_fall)大于等于2倍的注入时间。      

南宁膨胀土的体积含水率-等效介电常数关系

体积含水率-介电常数关系是时域反射法（TDR）测量土体体积含水率的理论基础。通过对重塑的南宁膨胀土进行试验,选择经验公式法、边界法及理论模型法模拟其体积含水率-等效介电常数的变化规律。研究发现,南宁膨胀土的实测值落在Hashin-Shtrikman边界和Wiener边界以内,但Hashin-Shtrikman边界具有更小的范围;由于膨胀土的黏性较大,结合水存在显著的影响,Topp公式计算值偏高,但采用考虑三相组分含量的Looyenga公式可反映结合水的影响,从而得到更好的结果;理论模型法的Maxwell-Garnett模型和差分有效介质模型（DEM）需要考虑三相的构成,单独采用气相连续或水相连续的模拟结果均不理想,但如考虑土中水、气分布形态,采用饱和度作为权重函数对单相计算结果进行加权平均后可取得较好的效果。     

观察型水下机器人ROV系统配置研究

在简述无人遥控潜行器(ROV)系统构成的基础上,就观察型ROV的推进系统、成像系统、应用环境以及风险分析等方面进行深入探讨,提出了在我国海域环境下,有关水下机器人系统配置以及实际应用等方面的建议。