Transparency: aid or obstacle to effective defence of vulnerable environments from reservoir construction? Dam decisions and democracy in North East England

Public participation in transparent decisionmaking has been proposed as a panacea for environmental protection. Bargaining theory suggests drawbacks to transparency such as hardening of attitudes and intransigence. Yet achievement of consensus on environmental values for integrated water resource management demands public involvement. Historical study of attempts to prevent reservoir construction in upland valleys designated for protection of nature suggests that 'closed-door' bargaining proved more effective for environmentalists than open, public debate. Records now open for analysis of disputes over Teesdale and Farndale, 1950–1970, allow comparisons to be made between behind-the-scenes deliberations and 'open-door' public discussion. The ambition of progressing from public participation to devolution of environmental decisionmaking and responsibility to the local scale demands more conceptualization of the process of decisionmaking on water resource development.     

库车坳陷侏罗系煤成气动力学模拟研究

应用黄金管—高压釜封闭体系热模拟实验与GC、GC-IRMS分析技术,结合KINETICS专用软件,对库车坳陷侏罗系煤成气进行了动力学模拟研究。库车坳陷侏罗系煤具有高的产气性,在高演化阶段主要产甲烷气;侏罗系煤热解气甲烷碳同位素为-36‰～-25‰,乙烷碳同位素为-28‰～-16‰;甲烷、C2-C5气态烃的生成活化能分别为(47～64k)calm/ol、(55～72k)calm/ol,频率因子各为5.265×1013s-1、5.388×1018s-1。在此基础上,进一步探讨了克拉2气田天然气的成因。研究认为,克拉2气田天然气属阶段捕获的煤成气,主要聚集了5～1Ma时期的天然气,其成熟度Ro分布范围为1.3%～2.5%。     

PDC钻头在寺河煤矿瓦斯预抽放钻井中的应用

在寺河矿区一期瓦斯地面预抽放钻井施工中，使用传统的镶齿三牙轮钻头钻进，钻进速度低，仅为2.0m／h，且井斜不易控制、钻头寿命短、成本较高。通过对寺河煤矿地层特征的分析，在二期工程施工中，9#煤以上地层优选六翼内凹式PDC钻头钻进，采取一定技术措施并合理调整钻压、转速及泵量等钻进参数，钻速可达7．0m/h，井斜也得到有效控制，降低了钻井成本。     

Semi-Analytic Modelling of Subsidence

This paper presents a forward model for subsidence prediction caused by extraction of hydrocarbons. The model uses combinations of analytic solutions to the visco-elastic equations, which approximate the boundary conditions. There are only a few unknown parameters to be estimated, and, consequently, calculations are very fast. The semi-analytic model is applicable to a uniform and layer-cake stratigraphy, with visco-elastic parameters changing per layer, and an arbitrary depletion pattern. By its capabilities to handle a multi-layered visco-elastic subsurface, the semi-analytic model fills the gap between the analytic single-layered elastic models available to date and the more elaborate numerical, e.g. finite element, models.     

地震属性分析中水平切片的应用

利用地震数据体中含有的丰富地质信息,可以有效地进行储层预测。层拉平水平切片地层学解释方法是先将地震剖面目的层段做层拉平处理,然后对切片顺地层层面追踪,勾绘出各种地层现象,并以地层学的观点加以解释。该方法在吉林探区扶新南部地区的应用中,对于识别河道的展布趋势取得了较好的效果,而且发现了多期叠置的扇型沉积体。另外,还可指导反演数据体的解释,做到对岩性体从定性到定量的描述。     

油气化探数据库系统

建立油气化探数据库是油气化探信息资源共享、科学管理、宏观决策的基础和依据,是油气化探数据处理及异常评价的基础。本系统采用动态自适应结构,收集、录入了几十年来我国油气化探数据,可以完成油气化探数据登录、管理、浏览、检索、报表、数据预处理。文章中论述了油气化探数据库的结构、特点及功能,反映了油气化探数据库研究领域的新进展和研究水平。     

盐城凹陷朱家墩气田综合化探异常及其地质意义

用酸解烃、顶空气、吸附丝及甲烷碳同位素方法对盐城凹陷朱家墩气田进行了综合油气化探测量,建立了该区这几种方法指标的化探异常模式,在总结已知油气区异常规律的基础上,优化化探方法及指标组合并运用于未知区域,圈定了油气远景靶区。探讨了地表化探异常与石油地质特征的关系,为化探异常的地质解释提供了可借鉴的思路。     

现阶段地表油气化探技术难题与发展对策

虽然地表油气化探方法技术已取得显著的应用效果, 但是由于成功率计算标准不同及方法技术本身的缺陷, 导致人们对方法的认同度较低。当前, 地表油气化探技术的发展, 一方面要以可靠的实验依据、严谨的数理推导及理论模型应对来自方法技术本身的挑战, 另一方面也要利用其快速、廉价和直接的优势, 加强与地质、遥感、非震物探等方法综合应用。     

渤南洼陷罗151块火成岩油藏特征及开发对策

罗151块火成岩油藏是近年在济阳坳陷发现的中型油藏，油藏埋深3150m；在研究罗151井区火成岩成因、侵入期次、岩相学及储层非均质性的基础上，建立了火成岩储层概念模型，划分出角岩微孔隙型油藏及辉绿岩溶蚀孔隙-裂缝型油藏两个类型，纵向上分为4个带，平面上分为3个区；预测了火成岩储层发育的有利部位；部署了合理的开发井网，钻探后，完钻新井14口，平均单井日产油27t，取得了显著效果；火成岩油藏初期产能高，产量递减快，弹性产率低，依靠天然能量开采，最终采收率只有14．1％，可以进行注水开发，注水效果较好。