基于GIS的合肥市BRT和Metro交通可达性研究

评价了合肥市中心城区的BRT和在建Metro线路对可达性的影响。基于GIS网络分析模拟复杂的多模式交通网络,应用修正潜能模型指标度量了居民区与CBD、与商业金融中心、与行政中心以及与工业区的可达性,对比有无BRT和Metro两种情景下的可达性变化。研究结果表明:在有BRT和Metro时,居民区至CBD的可达性均值变化幅度为45.8%,出行时间从65.5min减至35.5min;居民区至商业金融中心的可达性均值变化幅度为45.7%,时间从74.8min减至40.6min;居民区至行政中心的可达性均值变化幅度为18.9%,时间从104.7min减至84.9min;居民区至工业区的可达性均值变化幅度为37.4%,时间从92.1min减至57.7min。BRT和Metro线路显著地节省了居民出行时间,改善了城市边缘区域的交通可达性,其中经开区的可达性变化幅度最高,其次是滨湖新区、高新区和东区、老城区、南区、西区和北区。     

A discrete particle representation of hillslope hydrology: hypothesis testing in reproducing a tracer experiment at Gårdsjön,Sweden

Despite the long history of the continuum equation approach in hydrology, it is not a necessary approach to the formulation of a physically based representation of hillslope hydrology. The Multiple Interacting Pathways (MIPs) model is a discrete realization that allows hillslope response and transport to be simultaneously explored in a way that reflects the potential occurrence of preferential flows and lengths of pathways. The MIPs model uses random particle tracking methods to represent the flow of water within the subsurface alongside velocity distributions that acknowledge preferential flows and transition probability matrices, which control flow pathways. An initial realization of this model is presented here in application to a tracer experiment carried out in Gårdsjön, Sweden. The model is used as an exploratory tool, testing several hypotheses in relation to this experiment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水准测量中尺度比参数的附加系统参数的Partial EIV模型解法

针对目前水准测量中尺度比参数的附加系统参数的平差模型,本文对模型进行重构,提出尺度比参数的附加系统参数的partial errors-in-variables（Partial EIV）模型,给出总体最小二乘准则下的解算公式及迭代算法。实际算例和模拟数据结果表明,本文方法与传统方法在处理尺度比参数为附加系统参数时的效果基本一致,并给出相关的理论依据。     

Effect of Penetration Rates on the Piezocone Penetration Test in the Yellow River Delta Silt

Partial drainage often occurs during piezocone penetration testing on Yellow River Delta silt because of its intermediate physical and mechanical properties between those of sand and clay.Yet,there is no accurate understanding for the range of penetra-tion rates to trigger the partial drainage of silt soils.In order to fully investigate cone penetration rate effects under partial drainage condi-tions,indoor 1 g penetration model tests and numerical simulations of cavity expansion at variable penetration rates were carried out on the Yellow River Delta silt.The boundary effect of the model tests and the variation of key parameters at the different cavity ex-pansion rates were analyzed.The 1 g penetration model test results and numerical simulations results consistently indicated that the penetration rate to trigger the partially drainage of typical silt varied at least three orders of magnitude.The numerical simulations also provide the reference values for the penetration resistance corresponding to zero dilation and zero viscosity at any given normalized penetration rate for silt in Yellow River Delta.These geotechnical properties can be used for the design of offshore platforms in Yel-low River Delta,and the understanding of cone penetration rate effects under the partially drained conditions would provide some technical support for geohazard evaluation of offshore platforms.     

2009年中国一次沙尘暴过程中的水汽变化特征及WRF回报

通过对2009年4月22日至25日发生在甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古的一次沙尘暴观测和模拟回报试验,分析了沙尘暴过程中水汽及水热的变化特征,检验了天气研究和预报模式（WRF）对沙尘暴过程的模拟能力。结果表明,WRF能较好地再现出沙尘暴过程中水汽变化的基本特征。沙尘暴发生前,地面感热明显增加,大气中水汽明显减少。在沙尘暴过程中,扩散作用和气溶胶的凝结作用影响水汽的变化,而水汽的垂直方向变化较小;高空云水和云冰含量异常偏小,低层大气的温度和水汽含量下降。热力诊断的结果表明,沙尘暴过程中,由于水汽的相变,在600～800 hPa高度处,水汽凝结产生的视热源的加热率高达6 ℃·d-1,表明非绝热加热作用在沙尘暴的维持和发展起着重要的作用。     

VARIATIONAL ITERATION SOLVING METHOD FOR SEA-AIR OSCILLATOR MODEL OF INTERDECADAL CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS

1IN T R O D U C T IO NInteractionsbetween the ocean and atmosphere con-tributeto climatefluctuationosver a broad spectrum oftime scales.Studiesof those interactionhsave farfo-cused on El Ni o-SouthernOscillation(ENSO)phe-nomenon thathas a period of3to4yea…     

基于GIS的小流域土壤侵蚀与产沙的简化模拟

将泥沙输移能力公式与USLE公式相结合,建立了一个简化的分布式小流域产沙模型,并将其应用于川中丘陵区小流域的土壤侵蚀与泥沙输移的空间分布模拟。得到的主要结论:1.该模型适用于川中丘陵区小流域产沙的模拟;2.魏城河流域1980—1987年8 a平均土壤侵蚀量为16.8×104t,侵蚀模数为675.8 t/(km2.a),模拟得到的输沙模数为238.6 t/(km2.a),泥沙输移比为0.35;3.魏城河流域主要以微度侵蚀为主,占到全流域总面积的68%,强度侵蚀占流域面积的1%,主要分布在坡度较陡的流域边缘地带;4.相对其他因子,降雨与坡度对该流域侵蚀产沙的影响更为突出。     

构造块体的相对运动和应变

在确定构造块体在球面上相对运动参数的基础上,进一步给出了描述构造块体内的应变变化及参数和确定这些参数的方法。讨论了将相对运动和应变变化综合起来以更充分地描述地壳运动和变形的模型。结合相对运动参数,提出了一种逐渐趋近的变形分析方法。     

中国城市网络化空间联系结构——基于银行网点数据的研究

基于当前城市网络和金融地理研究,以全国336个地级以上行政单元(城市)为研究对象,以33家国内外银行的88022个网点各城市间的级别和数量分布为基础数据,运用链锁模型、Zipf法则、社会网络分析等研究方法,对中国市间联系和城市节点的结构特征进行分析。研究表明：京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝和长江中游等五大城镇密集区之间的联系成为这一网络的主干,东西部网络密度以胡焕庸线为界呈现明显差异;城市联通度的规模分布符合Zipf法则,但呈现明显的双分形特征,各城市的节点度同样以胡焕庸线为界在东西部呈现显著差异;此外,国有银行、股份制银行和外资银行所分别对应的城市整体联通度和相对联通度在空间分布上也存在明显差别;上述结构特征同各城市经济规模和人口规模之间存在较强的相关性。从形成机制上看,朝向集中化和均衡化的一般空间政策和行业空间政策对这一网络格局的形成具有深刻影响。