沙丘地植物固沙灌溉单元及其计算公式

确定轮灌区面积是沙丘地灌溉设计中最重要的问题。在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地,通过计算沙丘地入渗率、测定入渗过程与深层损失率以及进行不同流量、不同灌溉面积的反复试验,提出了灌溉单元的定义及计算公式。灌溉单元是一定地区、一定土壤或母质、一定灌溉方式条件下,某一水流量的最大合理灌溉面积。它是确定轮灌区面积的基本单位。对于沟畦灌而言,灌溉单元是指单沟或单畦的最大合理灌溉面积;对于滴灌而言,灌溉单元是指单个支管所能控制的最大合理灌溉面积。     

LARGE AMPLITUDE LIQUID SLOSHING IN SEISMICALLY EXCITED TANKS

An innovative method of analysis was developed to simulate the non-linear seismic finite-amplitude liquid sloshing in two-dimensional containers. In view of the irregular and time-varying liquid surface, the method employed a curvilinear mesh system to transform the non-linear sloshing problem from the physical domain with an irregular free-surface boundary into a computational domain in which rectangular grids can be analysed by the finite difference method. Non-linearities associated with both the unknown location of the free surface and the high-order differential terms were considered. The Crank–Nicolson time marching scheme was employed and the resulting finite difference algorithm is unconditionally stable and very lightly damped with respect to the temporal co-ordinate. In order to minimize numerical instability caused by the computational dispersion in spatially discretized surface wave, a second-order dissipation term was added to the system to filter out the spurious high-frequency waves. Sloshing effects and structural response were measured in terms of sloshing amplitude, base shear and overturning moment generated by the hydrodynamic pressure of the liquid exerted on the container walls. Simulation results of liquid sloshing induced by earthquake and harmonic base excitations were compared with those of the linear wave theory and the limitations of the latter in assessing the response of seismically excited liquids were addressed.     

水面蒸发与散热系数公式研究(一)

根据自1976年以来全国水面蒸发与散热研究协作组在我国各典型地区的原体与室内实验资料和大量水文站历史资料,通过理论分析和统计检验,确定丁影响水面蒸发的诸因子及其非线性相互作用,引入了新的无量纲参数(w_e、Pv、Pe)和公式结构,用实测资料统计确定厂公式中的常系数,得到了用开敞湖面一般水文气象资料计算逐日蒸发和散热系数的公式。经全国各典型气候带内各季节湖泊(水库)和受热污染水体上原体观测和室内专题实验共1860组口平均资料检验,公式的精度高于现有其他公式。全文分两部分,这是第一部分,内容包括:影响水面蒸发的土要无量纲参数;感热输送和大气饱和度对蒸发影响的修正;水面蒸发计算公式的结构及其经验系数。     

高斯-克吕格投影混合坐标变换模型研究

在高斯克吕格投影正反解坐标变换常系数公式的基础上, 推导出了高斯克吕格投影混合坐标变换模型。这种模型的特点是常系数公式, 是为适应计算机测量数据处理、计算机制图、ＧＩＳ需要而提出的新算法。     

挡土墙（桩）前堆载反压或预留土体分析与计算

提出了在挡土墙（桩）前堆载反压或预留土体时挡土墙（桩）的受力分析方法及计算公式,并用工程实例验证了该分析方法的实用性和计算公式的合理性。     

热力作用下石油流体运移的能量方程

为了探讨油气运移成藏机制, 从热力学角度论证了热可以作为油运移的动力, 并根据模拟实验结果首次建立热力系条件下热作为流体运移动力时流体流动的能量方程, 研究了流体在热力作用下焓的变化情况.在模拟实验中油运移的速度和距离取决于油(流体)从外界吸收的热量及焓.由此, 有可能对热作为石油流体输运动力进行半定量-定量研究.同时, 结合实际例子探讨了热力学系统中流体运动的热力学关系, 认为热作为流体输运的动力在实际盆地中比较复杂.如果从单一因素(热)来考虑流体运移动力, 则取决于热的大小和输导层的物性、产状等.      

Topographic effects by the Stokes–Helmert method of geoid and quasi-geoid determinations

The topographic potential and the direct topographic effect on the geoid are presented as surface integrals, and the direct gravity effect is derived as a rigorous surface integral on the unit sphere. By Taylor-expanding the integrals at sea level with respect to topographic elevation (H) the power series of the effects is derived to arbitrary orders. This study is primarily limited to terms of order H ². The limitations of the various effects in the frequently used planar approximations are demonstrated. In contrast, it is shown that the spherical approximation to power H ² leads to a combined topographic effect on the geoid (direct plus indirect effect) proportional to H˜² (where terms of degrees 0 and 1 are missing) of the order of several metres, while the combined topographic effect on the height anomaly vanishes, implying that current frequent efforts to determine the direct effect to this order are not needed. The last result is in total agreement with Bjerhammar's method in physical geodesy. It is shown that the most frequently applied remove–restore technique of topographic masses in the application of Stokes' formula suffers from significant errors both in the terrain correction C (representing the sum of the direct topographic effect on gravity anomaly and the effect of continuing the anomaly to sea level) and in the term t (mainly representing the indirect effect on the geoidal or quasi-geoidal height). Received: 18 August 1998 / Accepted: 4 October 1999     

Deconvolution with wavelets and vaguelettes

The use of wavelets for the solution of convolution equations is studied as a possible alternative to the well-established Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique. Two possible solution strategies are investigated: (1) The use of wavelets for the representation of both the given data and the unknown solution. This leads to an algorithm with good de-noising and data-compression properties. In terms of computational efficiency this algorithm is inferior to FFT. (2) The use of wavelets for the representation of the unknown solution and of so-called vaguelettes for the representations of the given data. This leads to an algorithm which is even faster than FFT. Received: 14 October 1998 / Accepted: 30 November 1999     

平面Radon变换的反演公式

本文借助球面平均法和Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ空间算子理论,给出了平面上Ｒａｄｏｎ变换的反演公式,此公式是具体的、构造性的,便于数值计算,或者进一步探讨重建图象的性质。     

CCNBD断裂韧度试样的SIF新公式和在尺度律分析中的应用

根据国际岩石力学学会于1995年推荐的一种测试岩石断裂韧度的新型试样－人字形切槽巴西圆盘试样,对其断裂韧度计算公式中的关键参数即无量纲应力强度因子（SIF）提出了一个改进的计算公式。采用分片合成方法结合有限元法对CCNBD试样的应力强度因子进行了宽范围标定,结果以表格的形式给出;并采用数据线性回归的方法,将标定结果以一个指数函数的形式给出。结果表明,与标定值相比,无量纲应力强度因子新公式的误差较小,并且囊括了CCNBD试样的较宽范围的尺寸,且查表使用方便,也为理论分析提供了条件。在此基础上,对岩石断裂韧度测试的尺度律进行了更进一步的探索,结果表明,利用新公式进行的尺度律分析是有效的。