Surface gravity wave interaction with elastic bottom

In the present paper, a hydroelastic model is developed to deal with surface gravity wave interaction with an elastic bed based on the small amplitude water wave theory and plate deflection in finite water depth. The elastic bottom bed is modelled as a thin elastic plate and is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. The wave characteristics in the presence of the elastic bed is analyzed in both the cases of deep and shallow water waves. Further, the linearized long wave equation is generalized to include bottom flexibility. A generalized expansion formula for the velocity potential is derived to deal with the boundary value problems associated with surface gravity waves having an elastic bed. The utility of the expansion formula is illustrated by demonstrating specific physical problems which will play significant role in the analysis of wave structure interaction problems. Behavior of the wave spectra are discussed in the case of closed basin having a free surface and an elastic bottom topography.     

An empirical formula for friction coefficient of a perforated wall with vertical slits

The friction coefficient in the permeability parameter of a perforated wall has been estimated on the basis of a best fit between measured and predicted values of such hydrodynamic coefficients as reflection and transmission coefficients. In the present study, an empirical formula for the friction coefficient is proposed in terms of known variables, i.e., the porosity and thickness of the perforated wall and the water depth. This enables direct estimation of the friction coefficient without invoking a best fit procedure. To obtain the empirical formula, hydraulic experiments are carried out, the results of which are used along with other researchers' results. The proposed formula is used to predict the reflection and transmission coefficients of various types of structures including a perforated wall. The concurrence between the experimental data and calculated results is good, verifying the appropriateness of the proposed formula. It is also shown that the proposed formula can be used for irregular waves as well.     

Developing an algorithm for reconstruction of blocky systems in discontinuous media: two-dimensional analysis

Block detection is one of the most important steps in all discontinuous methods of analysis like Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) and Discrete Element Method (DEM). This is in fact a pre-processing step for those methods. In this study, a comprehensive computational algorithm, for tracing rock block created by discontinuities, has been developed. Using square matrices with integer elements and performing edge regularization step, reduce the size of the matrices due to elimination of unnecessary edges and vertices. Therefore speed and accuracy of block tracing operation will be increased. This algorithm is able to trace and identify all kind of blocks including convex and concave blocks formed by limited or unlimited fractures. The algorithm was programmed in C#.Net by over 3400 code lines and some cases were modeled by the code as example.     

黄河上游流域蒸散量及其影响因子研究

利用彭曼公式计算了80年代以来黄河上游流域蒸散量,分析了该地区蒸散量、日照时数、气温、空气饱和差等气候因子的变化趋势,着重研究了诸因子对蒸散量的影响。研究发现,黄河上游流域蒸散量呈逐年增大趋势,并以每年3.25 mm的速度递增;而作为主要影响因子的日照时数则以每年3.6小时的速度增加;气温同样表现出逐年升高的趋势,其气候倾向率为0.4℃/10 a;空气饱和差也以每年0.02 hPa的速度递增。因此,可以认为,黄河上游流域日照时数、气温及饱和差的增加,加剧了草地蒸散量的增大,而蒸散量的增大和降水量的减少则直接影响到了黄河上游流量的减少和草地荒漠化的蔓延。     

基于等效Thomsen参数的P-SV波AVO属性研究

在等效Thomsen各向异性参数的P-SV波反射系数近似公式基础上研究了反射系数的多种AVO(振幅随炮检距变化)属性特征,针对不同的属性特征构建了多属性AVO交绘图;并利用反射系数公式对三类含气砂岩AVO的特征进行分析.结果表明P-SV波反射系数公式可以有效的区分第三类含气砂岩;岩石的孔隙度、流体饱和度等信息是影响地震波AVO的重要因素.利用Gassmann方程进行了对上层为HTI介质,下层为孔隙储层的介质模型进行了流体替换计算,分析了孔隙度、含气饱和度和各向异性参数变化对地层AVO的影响.     

Investigating dynamic mechanisms of geological phenomena using methodology of computational geosciences: An example of equal-distant mineralization in a fault

This paper presents a research methodology associated with approximately a decade old computa- tional geosciences. To demonstrate how it can be used to investigate the dynamic mechanisms of geological phenomenon, we use as an example the equal-distant distribution of gold deposits in a three-dimensional permeable fault within the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. The related numerical results demonstrate that: (1) convective pore-fluid flow in fluid-saturated porous media is the control- ling dynamic mechanism leading to the equal-distant distribution of gold deposits along the fault; (2) the main characteristic of the new methodology is to change the traditionally used empirical, descrip- tive and qualitative methodology into the fundamentally scientific principles based predictive and quantitative methodology. Thus, this new methodology provides a modern scientific research tool for investigating the dynamic mechanisms associated with observed geological phenomena in nature.     

围垦工程引起多年海岸冲淤演变的经验计算方法

提出了一个改进的经验公式,用以计算围垦工程引起的淤泥质海岸多年冲淤演变。该经验公式假定在年时间尺度上,地形变化与潮流场变化具有密切联系。引入了一个冲刷折减系数,将传统公式的适用范围从淤积计算拓展到可以同时计算冲刷和淤积。建立了冲淤率年际变化与水深变化之间的关系式,可节省计算时间。将改进公式应用于江苏沿海小庙洪水道,较好地复演了边滩围垦工程影响下周边地形在3年时间内的演变,表明所改进的公式具有一定的可靠性。     

洛阳地区旋扩珠盘桩竖向承载力计算公式探讨

旋扩珠盘桩是在DX桩、挤扩支盘桩等基础上开发的一种新桩型,两者在外形和承载机制上存在一定的相似性。由于前者的珠盘由旋扩形成,对土体的挤压作用明显小于后者,因此,两者的承载性状存在差别。如果简单套用后者的公式计算前者的承载力,误差偏大,安全度难以保证,实践表明不可行。通过对洛阳一批工程50根旋扩珠盘桩试桩资料的分析,提出了洛阳地区旋扩珠盘桩承载力计算公式,可供工程应用时参考。     

自适应自然单元法研究——自适应细化

对h型自适应自然单元法的自适应细化方案进行了初步研究。在ZZ误差分析的基础上实现了节点的自动加密,使得随着自适应细化的进行,求解误差减小,而且误差分布趋于均匀。在数值分析中,主要有两种误差来源--插值误差和积分误差。随着节点的加密,Delaunay三角形的尺寸随之减小,三角形内的应力场趋于线性分布,那么插值误差和积分误差也都会随之减小。因而,h型自适应分析可以同时减小上述两种误差而达到不断提高求解精度的目的。由于自然单元法求解依赖于求解域内离散节点的Voronoi结构,建议的细化方案中新节点的引入只需局部调整Delaunay结构,算法的实现极为容易,程序实现简单、高效。研究表明,建议的自适应方案是可行的,自然单元法特别适合进行h型自适应分析。     

岩溶隧道顶板安全厚度的理论探讨与工程应用

在岩溶区隧道施工中,隧道顶部既有较大尺度溶洞引起的隧道顶板跨塌是威胁隧道施工的主要问题之一。从隧道施工引起的既有溶洞与隧道间岩层的受力,岩层力学性质和围岩水文地质条件变化出发,分析了隧道施工中影响岩层稳定的主要因素,在此基础上将隧道顶部既有较大尺度溶洞引起的隧道施工期顶板的破坏问题归结为两端简支或4边固支薄层岩板的失稳问题,建立了相应的力学分析模型。采用弹性板理论,对不同力学模型的受力状态进行分析,推导了建立在岩体抗拉和抗剪强度准则基础上的岩溶隧道顶板岩层最小安全厚度计算公式。采用该公式对武都水库导流洞既有溶洞影响下典型洞段隧道顶板稳定性进行分析,跟踪施工调查的顶板稳定情况性态验证了公式的适用性。