库岸边坡倾角及水位变化对红土型库岸稳定性影响研究

水库库岸失稳对水库安全运行有重大影响。采用土工试验和干湿循环试验,结合数值计算及理论分析,研究红土型库岸边坡倾角和库水位升降与库岸稳定性的关系。结果表明:(1)在一定初始干密度条件下,红土抗剪强度随水位升降循环次数增加而非线性减小,且在水位升降循环约10次时趋于稳定。(2)在一定水位升降速率、升降幅度和升降循环次数条件下,红土型库岸稳定安全系数随库岸边坡倾角的增加总体上呈减小的趋势,且在边坡倾角为50°左右存在稳定安全系数极小值。(3)在一定水位升降循环次数条件下,水位上升到坡高的60%左右为上升阶段的相对危险区域,且水位上升速率对库岸稳定安全系数影响很小;水位下降至坡高的70%左右为库水位下降阶段的相对危险区域,且水位下降速率越大,库岸稳定安全系数越小。(4)针对一定初始干密度,库岸稳定安全系数先随水位升降循环次数的增加而减小,但在水位升降循环次数约10次后逐渐趋于稳定。库岸岩土体性质及库岸边坡倾角、水位变化都会对库岸稳定产生影响。     

基于孔隙率的延安黄土抗剪强度模型

孔隙率对黄土抗剪强度具有非常重要的影响,然而,孔隙率对黄土抗剪强度影响效果的认识并不充分。本文以陕西省延安黄土为研究对象,开展不同孔隙率的黄土直剪试验研究,探讨了孔隙率对粘聚力与内摩擦角的定量变化关系;并以此为基础,构建了基于孔隙率的延安黄土抗剪强度模型,并对其进行了验证。研究结果表明:(1)延安黄土粘聚力与孔隙率间呈幂函数变化关系;(2)延安不同孔隙率黄土内摩擦角取值呈现出两个区间,当孔隙率n≥0.4时,其内摩擦角在25±2.5°的范围内变动,而当孔隙率n<0.4时,其内摩擦角在29.5±2°的范围内变动;(3)通过分析得到了基于孔隙率的延安黄土抗剪强度模型,且该模型得到的黄土抗剪强度理论值与实测值间的误差较小,相对误差均在7%以内,具有较高的精确度。研究成果不仅能为延安黄土抗剪强度研究等提供技术支持,而且还能为该地区的工程建设等方面提供理论参考。     

Reliability of mooring lines and piles for a permanently manned vessel in a tropical cyclone environment

The factors of safety for stationkeeping systems in current standards (ISO, API) are not derived or validated using reliability analyses. As the oil and gas exploration and production is breaking new boundaries, deploying new floating systems and moving into regions with harsher environments, it is of paramount importance to understand what level of reliability these new marine structures are achieving. This paper presents a reliability analysis of the mooring system of a Floating LNG (FLNG) vessel permanently moored and permanently manned offshore North West Australia in a tropical cyclone environment. The reliability analysis addresses both the mooring chain and the pile foundation. The analysis accounts for the long term characteristics of the environment, including the short term variability, in response to a given sea state and the variability and uncertainty in strength of the mooring chain and the pile. The stationkeeping system was analysed using detailed time domain simulations, capturing system non-linearities and low frequency oscillations as well as wave frequency responses and, thereby, reducing modelling uncertainties to a minimum.It is found that for the conditions modelled, neither the chain nor the pile meet a target reliability of 10⁻⁴/annum using the factors of safety commonly used in design following current ISO and API standards. New factors of safety are proposed to achieve this target reliability. For the pile design, one complicating factor is that current design standards do not explicitly define the exceedance probability that should be associated with the characteristic value of the undrained shear strength to be used in the design. It is demonstrated that the required factor of safety is crucially dependent on the definition of this characteristic value and on the level and the type of uncertainty in the soil strength profile. A recommendation is made regarding the definition of this characteristic value and the associated factor of safety. Furthermore, it is found that designing the mooring system to an environmental condition with a return period of 10,000 yr (as an Abnormal Limit State event), and setting the factor of safety to unity, meets the target reliability of 10⁻⁴/annum for the pile, if the characteristic undrained shear strength is a lower bound, defined in this paper by the 10th percentile value. For the chain however, this target reliability is not achieved.     

轴压作用下双金属复合管组合作用与承载力分析

为探究轴压作用下双金属复合海底管道的组合作用与承载性能,对双金属复合海底管道进行了试验研究和理论分析。开展了不锈钢衬管材料性能试验,对比了国际主流不锈钢本构关系模型和试验结果。利用ABAQUS建立了精细化的双金属复合管道轴压试验有限元模型,系统研究了关键参数如复合工艺产生的环向复合应力、钢管初始缺陷幅值等对双金属复合管在轴压作用下力学性能的影响规律。通过对比已有轴压双金属复合管道试验结果,验证有限元模型。基于验证的有限元模型,对轴压作用下双金属复合管道的组合作用以及径厚比和材料强度对承载力的影响进行了分析。结果表明双金属复合管道的轴压极限承载力主要取决于基管的截面屈服荷载,并随着管径和材料强度的提高而增大。并依据分析结果对双金属复合海底管道的设计提出建议。     

超声回弹综合法检测单一构件混凝土强度推定值的保证率分析

在实际工程检测数据的基础上,利用M on te C arlo试验对单一构件混凝土强度推定值的保证率问题进行了分析。30片梁板实测数据分析结果表明:将构件各测区混凝土强度换算值的最小值作为该构件的混凝土强度推定值的保证率范围为79.0%~94.2%,小于《超声回弹综合法检测混凝土强度技术规程》(CECS 02:88)规定的95%保证率要求,因此,对结构性能鉴定而言该混凝土强度推定值是偏于不安全的,应引起试验检测人员的充分重视。     

建立回弹现场测强曲线的位置参数法

工程上迫切需要在现场数据较少的情况下,建立高精度和高可靠度的现场测强曲线(经验公式)。本文利用位置参数法,提出了一种回弹法现场测强曲线(经验公式)。此曲线(经验公式)仍运用原有的幂函数形式并保持回归参数不变,通过增加位置参数反映现场试验的个性信息。此曲线(经验公式)融合了所在地区混凝土强度值、回弹值、碳化深度值之间的共性趋势和现场检测得到的反映现场情况的个性信息,而且解决了地区测强曲线(经验公式)不能完全描述现场的实际情况,而现场检测数据一般不能满足制定现场专用测强曲线(经验公式)要求的问题。在建筑结构无损检测中,利用本文提出的测强曲线(经验公式)可以极大地提高检测精度和检测结果的可靠性,使检测结果更加符合施工现场的实际情况。     

开放式低场磁共振诊断直肠癌新方法征像分析

目的:探讨开放式低场磁共振诊断直肠癌的扫描方法并对所见征像进行分析.资料与方法:搜集我院病理证实的直肠癌患者16例.16例患者能够配合整个扫描过程,无严重心、肝、肺、肾疾病.扫描前1天患者做肠道准备,扫描前15分钟注射解痉剂,经肛门插管注入生理盐水1000ml左右,然后注入气体1000ml左右,尽量使肠管扩张,患者如有不适,应立即停止灌肠.检查前对患者进行呼吸训练,使患者平静呼吸,呼吸幅度尽量减小.分别采用仰卧位与俯卧位进行检查.结果直肠癌肿MRI主要表现为直肠局限性或弥漫性肠壁增厚和肿块形成.T1癌肿表现为中等偏低信号,边界清楚.T2癌肿呈较高信号.Gd-DTPA增强技术,癌肿显示不规则强化.对周围脏器如子宫、膀胱、前列腺和盆腔壁等显示良好.结论:开放式低场磁共振扫描仪在诊断直肠癌过程中,操作相对简单,患者痛苦小,容易配合,病变显示清晰.     

脚靴式海上升压站灌浆连接段强度分析研究

与国内已建成的海上升压站相比,脚靴式海上升压站导管架对桩和套筒间的灌浆连接强度要求更高,完全套用单桩风电结构的分析方法会使结构设计不准确。由于桩和套筒之间设置有剪力键,当特殊情况时还需增加灌浆连接增强钢筋,在地震及撞船作用下容易导致灌浆接触界面分离等破坏,当前尚未有针对此类情况系统的灌浆连接强度校核方法。以某脚靴式海上升压站为例,分析其在在位、撞船、地震、疲劳等多个主控工况下灌浆连接、剪力键及增强钢筋的强度及稳定性,结果表明该海上升压站灌浆连接段满足设计要求,并研究了各参数对灌浆连接段强度的敏感程度,为今后脚靴式海上升压站各主控工况下的灌浆连接段强度分析、优化设计提供参考与借鉴。     

Effect of nano-MgO on mechanical performance of cement stabilized silty clay

Abstract

A series of direct shear tests were performed on cement-admixed silty clay to investigate the effect of cement content and nano-magnesia (MgO) on its shear strength properties. For each normal stress, shear strength increased with cement content. However, an obvious increment in shear strength was achieved when the cement content was adjusted from 13% to 17%. Both cohesion and friction angle of cemented soil increased with cement content, and exponential function was adopted to correlate both the factors with cement content. For cement content of 10% investigated in this study, the optimum nano-MgO content was 10‰, wherein the cohesion could reach the peak value. The microstructure of the mixture revealed that the structure of the mixture was compacted for the optimum nano-MgO content. However, micro-cracks were formed when the amount of nano-MgO exceeded its optimum content.     

Flexural performances of prestressed high strength concrete piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP and steel bars

Abstract

This study developed prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) piles reinforced with high-strength materials (glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars) for flexural performance enhancement. Flexural strengths and behaviors of PHC piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP and steel bars were experimentally investigated, respectively. Large-scale specimens with total lengths of 12,000?mm and diameters of 600?mm were constructed and tested under bending, accompanied by evaluation of effects of non-prestressed reinforcement type and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. J-factors were calculated to evaluate deformability of all the specimens. PHC piles reinforced with GFRP bars were demonstrated to have much higher flexural capacity than those reinforced with steel bars. Moreover, strains at the midspans of cross sections of all the specimens basically conformed to the assumption of plane section. Failure of PHC piles reinforced with GFRP bars was attributable to gradual concrete crushing, while that of PHC piles reinforced with steel bars resulted from steel yielding. Results of this study were expected to provide theoretical basis for wide engineering applications of PHC piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP bars and steel bars in marine structures.