川西义敦岛弧稻城花岗岩体和海子山花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素特征及地质意义

义敦岛弧形成于晚三叠世大规模俯冲造山作用过程中,位于松潘-甘孜褶皱带和羌塘地体之间。稻城岩体和海子山岩体分别为义敦岛弧上出露的晚三叠世和白垩纪花岗质岩体。结合野外考察,本文对上述岩体进行岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素的研究,结果表明,1稻城岩体和海子山岩体主要矿物为斜长石、钾长石、石英和黑云母,副矿物为锆石、榍石、磁铁矿和磷灰石等;钠质斜长石颗粒,以及钾长石和石英不连续出现,表明二者均属于低熔线花岗岩,是含水条件下,在与造山事件有关的环境中形成。2稻城岩体的侵位年龄为217.4Ma,属晚三叠世花岗岩侵入体,εHf(t)为-7.1~-0.1,二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)为1.26~1.7Ga,表明在中元古代与扬子克拉通经历了共同的地壳演化历史;海子山岩体的形成时代为98.3 Ma,为白垩纪时期产物,εHf(t)变化于-12.1~+2.5,二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)变化于1.0~1.93Ga。3结合前人研究成果,本文认为稻城岩体源岩可能是与扬子克拉通有关的中元古代的下地壳物质,在甘孜-理塘洋俯冲闭合后的同碰撞造山阶段,因地幔岩浆底侵作用而发生了部分熔融,同时伴有少量的亏损地幔成分加入,之后上升侵位于中—上地壳,并且侵位后经历了快速的冷却过程。海子山岩体是与俯冲有关的造山后伸展环境下形成的A2型花岗岩,源岩主要为中元古代地壳物质,同样有少量地幔物质加入,在白垩纪时侵位于地壳较浅部位,之后亦同样经历了快速的冷却过程。     

延边天佛指山花岗岩的形成时代及成因

延边天佛指山花岗岩年代学和地球化学研究表明,花岗岩中的锆石U-Pb年龄为(188.5±2.2)Ma,其侵位时间为早侏罗世。岩石总体上具有高硅、低铝、贫钙镁及富碱的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列I型花岗岩;富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Th、U、K等,相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Zr、Hf、Y、Yb等,显著亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素,δEu呈轻微程度负异常。该花岗岩岩浆源于地壳物质的部分熔融,可能形成于与古太平洋板块俯冲相关联的活动大陆边缘环境。     

内蒙古东乌旗沙麦钨矿床的成矿时代

内蒙古东乌旗沙麦钨矿位于贺根山断裂带以北的兴蒙造山系二连-东乌旗弧盆带内,为岩浆期后高温热液黑钨矿石英脉型矿床。采用黑钨矿Sm-Nd同位素分析获得黑钨矿的形成年龄为137.9±1.7Ma,采用TIMS锆石U-Pb同位素定年获得赋矿黑云母花岗岩的形成年龄为139.1±0.93Ma,据此提出,沙麦钨矿床的形成时代为燕山晚期,这与区域上大兴安岭西坡主要金属矿床的形成年龄数据相吻合。黑钨矿的初始ε_(Nd)值为正值,与中亚造山带内大量花岗岩的εNd值均为正值的特点相一致,表明其来源于亏损地幔源。     

西藏谢通门地区中侏罗世花岗岩的地球化学特征及时代依据

西藏谢通门县一带区域上属于冈底斯花岗岩带南亚带,侵入岩极其发育,目前填绘有白垩纪、古近纪和新近纪岩体。通过同位素年代学研究,获得12个锆石的U-Pb同位素年龄数据,在原划归白垩纪、古近纪和新近纪岩体中解体出侏罗纪侵入体,按其岩石类型特征,归并为早侏罗世东热村序列和中侏罗世东嘎乡序列。其中,在约拉嘎莫岩体中获得锆石U-Pb同位素年龄166.9±2.8Ma,时代为中侏罗世巴柔期。     

The Late Triassic I–Type Granites from the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Suture Zone in the interior of Tibetan Plateau, China: Petrogenesis and Implication for Slab Break–Off

The Jiangaidarina granitic mass(JM) is an important part of the magmatic belt in Longmu CoShuanghu Suture Zone(LSSZ) in the central Tibetan Plateau. An integrated research involving wholerock geochemistry, zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions was carried out to define the timing, genesis and tectonic setting of the JM. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages have been obtained ranging from 210 to 215 Ma, rather than the Early Jurassic as previously thought. Fifteen granite samples contain hornblendes and show a negative correlation between P_2 O_5 and SiO_2, indicating that the JM is an I-type granite. All the granites are enriched in LREE relative to HREE, with negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.56-0.81), and have similar trace elements patterns, with depletion of Ba, Nb, Sr and P. These suggest that the JM was fractionated, and this is also proved by the characteristic of negative correlations between oxide elements(TiO_2, MgO, FeOt, MnO, CaO) and SiO_2. Almost all ε_(Hf)(t) values of the granites are between-10.3 and-5.8, implying that the JM has a crustal source intimately related with the South Qiangtang Block(SQB), except for one(+10.2), showing a minor contribution from mantle source.Moreover, relatively low Na_2 O/K_2 O ratios(0.42-0.93) and high A/CNK values(0.91-1.50) reflect that the JM was predominately derived from the medium-high potassium basaltic crust, interacted with greywacke. Our new geochemical data and geochronological results imply that the Late Triassic magmas were generated in a post-collisional tectonic setting, probably caused by slab break-off of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu Tethyan Ocean(LSTO). This mechanism caused the asthenosphere upwelling, formed extension setting, offered an enormous amount of heat, and provided favorable conditions for emplacement of voluminous felsic magmas. Furthermore, the LSTO could be completely closed during the Middle Triassic, succeed by continental collision and later the slab broke off in the Late Triassic.     

Origin of abundant moonmilk deposits in a subsurface granitic environment

Subsurface granitic environments are scarce and poorly investigated. A multi‐disciplinary approach was used to characterize the abundant moonmilk deposits and associated microbial communities coating the granite walls of the 16th Century Paranhos spring water tunnel in Porto city (north‐west Portugal). It is possible that this study is the first record of moonmilk in an urban subsurface granitic environment. The morphology and texture, mineralogical composition, stable isotope composition and microbial diversity of moonmilk deposits have been studied to infer the processes of moonmilk formation. These whitish secondary mineral deposits are composed of very fine needle‐fibre calcite crystals with different morphologies and density. Calcified filaments of fungal hyphae or bacteria were distinguished by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Stable isotope analysis revealed a meteoric origin of the needle‐fibre calcite, with an important contribution of atmospheric CO ₂, soil respiration and from weathering of Ca‐bearing minerals. The DNA ‐based analyses revealed the presence of micro‐organisms related to urban contamination, including Actinobacteria, mainly represented by Pseudonocardia hispaniensis , Thaumarchaeota and Ascomycota, dominated by Cladosporium . This microbial composition is consistent with groundwater pollution and contamination sources of the overlying urban area, including garages, petrol stations and wastewater pipeline leakage, showing that the Paranhos tunnel is greatly perturbed by anthropogenic activities. Whether the identified micro‐organisms are involved in the formation of the needle‐fibre calcite or not is difficult to demonstrate, but this study evidenced both abiotic and biogenic genesis for the calcite moonmilk in this subsurface granitic environment.     

福建霞浦大湾钼铍矿区碱长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年研究

福建霞浦大湾钼铍矿床产于火山岩区,但成矿作用可能与岩浆活动和裂隙构造关系密切。为查清矿区隐伏的钠长石化碱长花岗岩与钼铍矿成矿作用之间的关系,本文运用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)对碱长花岗岩进行锆石U-Pb测年研究,获得年龄结果为93. 0±0. 6 Ma,与矿区的辉钼矿成矿年龄(92. 2±1. 3 Ma)一致,表明碱长花岗岩与钼铍矿成矿作用时空上具有密切的成因联系,岩浆活动可能为矿区钼铍矿的形成提供了成矿物质和成矿流体。结合区域上的成岩成矿年代学数据,本研究认为福建省燕山期岩浆活动时代与钼铍矿成矿时代都具有从西向东逐渐变新的时空分布规律,钼铍矿的成矿地质构造背景为燕山期华南岩石圈伸展环境。     

华北地台北缘集宁地区古元古代片麻状石榴花岗岩的深熔成因及地质意义

本文对华北克拉通北缘集宁地区空间上密切共生的片麻状石榴花岗岩和孔兹岩系富铝片麻岩的岩相学、地球化学及年代学特征进行了对比研究。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方面,在富铝片麻岩中获得了1910±10Ma和1839±13Ma变质锆石年龄,在片麻状石榴花岗岩中获得了1919±17Ma的变质重结晶锆石年龄。在石榴花岗岩的石榴石包裹体中识别出与富铝片麻岩相对应的进变质阶段(M1)和峰期阶段(M2)的矿物组合,由此确认富铝片麻岩的变质作用和导致石榴花岗岩形成的深熔作用是同一构造热事件的产物。通过对二者变质作用演化及特征变质矿物的对比,认为深熔作用主要发生在峰期后等温降压阶段(M3),石榴花岗岩中的石榴石为深熔作用过程中的残留矿物相或转熔矿物相,而石榴花岗岩则是混合有大量残留矿物相的熔体结晶的产物。对片麻状石榴花岗岩和富铝片麻岩的地球化学组成特征进行了对比分析,片麻状石榴花岗岩既有一定的继承性,又有十分明显的变异性。变异性表现为:1)石榴花岗岩主量和微量元素含量分布极不均匀,微量元素含量普遍低于源岩(Cs、Rb、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等);2)大离子亲石元素Cs和生热元素U、Th亏损明显,Sr相对富集;3)高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti的明显亏损;4)铕异常变化大,存在铕富集型、铕平坦型和铕亏损型共存的稀土配分曲线的岩石,这是深熔成因石榴花岗岩最突出的表现,也可能是原地-半原地深熔花岗岩的主要地球化学标志。综合区域上的地质资料,认为深熔作用与碰撞后伸展构造背景下基性岩浆底侵事件有关。     

张广才岭南段两个侏罗纪花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石化学分析,研究了张广才岭南段上营北岩体和帽儿山岩体的形成年代,地球化学特征和形成环境。上营北岩体为中粗粒钾长花岗岩,帽儿山岩体为中细粒黑云母钾长花岗岩。上营北岩体的加权平均年龄为178.9±2.7 Ma,帽儿山岩体为183.7±2.4 Ma,均为早侏罗世侵入岩。上营北岩体和帽儿山岩体主量元素都具有Si O_2和K_2O含量较高,Ti O_2、Mg O、Ca O含量较低,TFe O/Mg O值较高的特点;上营北岩体A/CNK=0.98~1.08,里特曼指数σ=1.51~2.66;帽儿山岩体含铝指数A/CNK=1.00~1.01,里特曼指数σ=2.12~2.36。上营北岩体稀土元素配分模式为海鸥型,轻重稀土分馏不明显;帽儿山岩体稀土元素配分模式为右倾型,轻稀土较重稀土富集;两个岩体均富集Rb、K,Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti、P、Ho、Er、U、Eu等元素出现不同程度的亏损。地球化学特征分析显示上营北岩体和帽儿山岩体均为A_2型花岗岩,为后造山型花岗岩,形成于兴蒙造山带后造山的伸展环境。     

北淮阳东段西汤池岩体地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年及成因

西汤池岩体位于安徽北淮阳地区舒城县西汤池一带。西汤池似斑状二长花岗岩具高硅、富碱质特征,为铝饱和碱性系列岩石。稀土元素含量中等,(La/Yb)_N与HREE/LREE值较高,重稀土相对轻稀土亏损明显,Eu呈弱负异常,属轻稀土富集型。大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、La、Nd等)明显富集,而高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti等)亏损。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得西汤池二长花岗岩~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为(125.5±1.6)Ma,为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。基于前人关于北淮阳地区区域地质背景方面的研究成果和本次地球化学构造环境判别方面的研究,认为西汤池二长花岗岩属A_1型花岗岩,形成于后碰撞的伸展构造环境。