砂土应力-应变关系的加载速率效应分析

分析研究了两种砂土在排水平面应变压缩PSC试验和不排水三轴压缩TC试验条件下的加载速率效应,既实现了不同恒定应变率加载条件下的试验,也实现了不同的加载阶段采用不同的恒定应变率（即应变率分阶段变化）的试验。在加载速率为不同恒定应变率时,砂土的应力-应变响应是唯一的,与应变率无关。在加载速率分阶段变化时,依据应力-应变关系对应变率突变的响应程度,对砂土的加载速率效应进行了评价。分析结果表明,砂土应力-应变关系的加载速率效应表现为黏性消散特性,在应变率发生突变的瞬间,由于应变加速度的影响,应力-应变曲线也相应地突变并表现为刚度很大,近似弹性的特性,随着应变的进一步增加,这一近似弹性的行为逐渐消失。     

厦门软粘土的振陷特性研究

应用动三轴仪对厦门软粘土做了一系列的振陷试验,建立了淤泥质软粘土的振陷经验公式。试验结果表明,该类软粘土动孔压的发展规律性差,具有较强的结构性,其残余应变受动应力的影响较大,当残余应变达到5 % 左右时,软粘土的结构发生破坏。     

考虑应力路径影响下砂土的三维本构模型

应力路径是影响土的应力-应变关系的一个重要因素。通过对一组砂土（日本Toyoura砂）三轴试验结果的详细分析,揭示了应力路径对剪应变及体积应变的影响规律,进而建立了能反映应力路径影响的应力-应变增量本构模型,提出的统一硬化参数反映了其剪胀特性,引入的变换应力能反映三维应力-应变特性。     

全过程沉降预测的新模型与方法

地面沉降是普通存在的一种环境灾害为此提出了一种新模型,它概括了泊松曲线模型与Verhulst模型,能准确预测全过程沉降量的变化规律。提出了将非线性回归与3次样条插值相结合求解新模型的思路与方法,突破了泊松曲线模型所用三段计算法的局限。实例分析结果表明：所提出的方法能准确地求得非线性模型的解;新模型及方法与Verhulst模型及方法相比,能使模型计算值与实测值之间的残差大幅度减小。新模型为岩土工程设计提供了新的科学依据。     

基坑土体侧向卸荷真三轴试验研究

对武汉地区具有代表性的粉质粘土,用基坑开挖过程中坑周土体的应力路径在真三轴上进行模拟试验,得到平面应变条件下固结不排水卸荷试验结果,将其整理成应力-应变关系曲线、孔隙水压力-竖向应变关系曲线、中主应力系数-竖向应变关系曲线和卸荷试验应力路径图。试验结果表明,竖向( )压力不变,侧向( )卸荷时,其应力-应变关系随固结压力的增加,由应变硬化型向应变软化型转化;固结压力较低时,表现为剪胀,固结压力较高时,表现为先剪缩,后剪胀;当中主应力( )始终大于但接近于侧向压力( ),按所定义的中主应力系数bd值较稳定;有效应力路径随固结压力增大产生偏转。这些结论为进一步研究粘性土中主应力的作用奠定了基础。     

土工带加筋碎石土的抗剪强度特性研究

大型三轴固结排水剪切试验表明：土工带加筋后土体的破坏强度和破坏应变均得到提高。从加筋土和未加筋土的强度包线看出,加筋前后土体的强度曲线基本平行,摩擦角相等,粘聚力提高。通过分析加筋土的应力-应变关系试验曲线,研究土工带加筋素碎石土的抗剪强度特性,提出土工带加筋土的抗剪强度表达式。为进一步研究土工带素碎石土加筋机理提供试验基础。     

Impacts of regional warming on long‐term hypolimnetic anoxia and dissolved oxygen concentration in a deep lake

Although few reports have described long‐term continuous anoxia in aquatic systems, Lake Ikeda in Japan experienced such conditions in the hypolimnion from 1990 to 2010. The present study aimed to assess temporal fluctuations in the lake's thermal stability from 1978 to 2011 to understand the influence of regional climate change on hypolimnetic anoxia in this lake. Because complete vertical mixing, which supplies dissolved oxygen (DO) to the hypolimnion, potentially occurs on February, we calculated the Schmidt stability index (S) in February and compared it with hypolimnetic DO dynamics. Vertical water temperature profiles were calculated using a one‐dimensional model, and calculated temperatures and meteorological data were used to analyse annual fluctuations in water temperatures, thermocline depth, meteorological variables and S. We estimated that mean annual air and volume‐weighted water temperatures increased by 0.028 and 0.033 °C year^?1, respectively, from 1978 to 2011. Between 1986 and 1990, S and water temperature increased abruptly, probably due to a large upwards trend in air temperature (+0.239 °C year^?1). We hypothesize that a mixing regime that lacked overturn took effect at this time and that this regime lasted until 2011, when S was particularly small. These results demonstrate that abrupt climate warming in the late 1980s likely triggered the termination of complete mixing and caused the 21‐year period of successive anoxia in Lake Ikeda. We conclude that the lake response to a rapid shift in regional climate conditions was a key factor in changing the hypolimnetic water environment and that thermal stability in winter is a critical environmental factor controlling the mixing regime and anoxic conditions in deep lakes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

渭河盆地现今地壳水平形变特征及区域构造活动性

根据渭河盆地地质构造的特点,建立了二维有限元模型,并基于渭河盆地2001~2007年GPS观测成果,数值模拟获得了渭河盆地现今地壳应力应变场特征,结合区域近期地震活动性特点,探讨了地壳形变特征与地震活动性的关系。结果表明,渭河盆地现今构造应力场仍以NNW-SSE向拉张应力为主;盆地最大剪应变率高值区与盆地现代小地震条带有很好的空间对应关系;泾阳-咸阳-西安-临潼-三原地区属于渭河盆地内地壳薄弱带,易于盆地伸展和地震孕育。     

A Discussion on Dynamic Characteristics of Undisturbed Loess by Dynamic Triaxial Test

Based on the dynamic triaxial test system and using the fitted wave of the Wenchuan earthquake and 1 Hz constant amplitude sinusoid,the paper compares the results of tests on undisturbed loess samples under different loads and vibration modes but under same saturated conditions.Results of the comparative experiment show:The stress-strain curves have a similar trend under random seismic loading and constant amplitude sinusoidal loading,but the random seismic loading is more sensitive to failure strength of the undisturbed loess samples under the same stress.