半隐式半拉格朗日平方守恒计算格式的构造

在显式半拉格朗日完全平方守恒格式基础上, 构造出半隐式半拉格朗日完全平方守恒计算格式, 它继承了显式半拉格朗日完全平方守恒格式的优点, 并突破计算不稳定柯朗条件对时间步长的约束, 使时间步长大为增长.此外, 还给出这种新的计算格式在一维原始方程上的应用.     

Strain‐softening analysis of a spherical cavity

This paper studies the excavation of a spherical cavity subjected to hydrostatic initial stresses in the infinite homogeneous and isotropic rock mass with strain‐softening Mohr–Coulomb (M‐C) and Hoek–Brown (H‐B) behaviors. Numerical solutions of the spherical cavity are obtained and the application to determining stress–strain curve of strain‐softening M‐C and H‐B rock mass is studied. A closed‐form solution for the elastic–brittle–plastic medium is introduced first, and then a numerical procedure that simplifies the strain‐softening process into a series of brittle–plastic ones is presented. The approach is validated against the facts that the strain‐softening process evolves into a brittle–plastic one when the softening slope is very steep, whereas it evolves into an elasto‐plastic one when the softening slope approaches zero. Numerical solutions for the prediction of displacements and stresses around the spherical cavity in the strain‐softening M‐C and H‐B rock mass are presented. On the basis of the analysis of the spherical cavity in strain‐softening rock mass, the stress–strain relationship at an infinitesimal cube around the cavity is obtained and discussed with different evolution laws for the strength parameters considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地球流体中的完全惯性振荡和惯性波动

在通常描写地球流体运动的Navier-Stokes方程组中考虑了另一个Coriolis参数f′=2Ωcosφ的情况下，首先对中高纬度和低纬度的地球流体中的惯性振荡分别进行了分析和讨论，并把该惯性振荡称为完全惯性振荡，其次对中高纬度的完全惯性波也进行了讨论，结果发现：(1)中高纬度的完全惯性振荡的周期要比不考虑厂的惯性振荡(即通常所说的惯性圆)周期小，完全惯性振荡轨迹为-惯性球，球半径与初始纬向速度成正比；(2)低纬度的完全惯性振荡周期通常远大于中高纬度的完全惯性振荡周期，而且在一定的条件下，周期可以非常大，所以低纬度的完全惯性运动是长周期(或低频)的惯性振荡。(3)中高纬度的完全惯性波的传播速度比不考虑f′的惯性波快，而且是频散波。     

2019年6月西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置异常的机制分析

以2019年6月为例,采用统计和诊断分析方法研究了夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置的变化特征,并分析了其位置较6月气候平均状态偏南的可能机制。结果表明：虽然2019年6月西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置总体偏南,但其经向位置异常存在纬向差异,在150°E以西区域,西太平洋副热带高压脊线平均位置偏南,而在150°~160°E区域内,脊线位置反而偏北。西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置变化与其附近异常涡度的经向分布有很好的对应关系,2019年6月西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置出现异常的原因在于其附近出现的异常扰动引起的异常涡度,而由于异常涡度分布存在纬向差异,造成西太平洋副热带高压脊线经向位置异常也出现了纬向差异。经过尺度分析简化的全型涡度方程的诊断发现,异常非绝热加热在导致2019年6月西太平洋副热带高压位置总体偏南的过程中起到了关键作用,而动力因子则对150°E以东的西太平洋副热带高压脊线向北偏移的贡献更大。     

三维完全欧氏距离变换的改进算法

三维欧氏距离变换是对由黑白像素构成的三维二值图像中所有像素找出其到最近黑色像素的欧氏距离。在对现有三维欧氏距离变换算法进行深入研究的基础上,充分利用二维欧氏距离变换的结果,进一步减少参与距离计算和比较的黑点个数,进而提出了三维完全欧氏距离变换的改进算法。整个算法的时间复杂度为O((n3log n)/φ(n))。并将该改进算法应用于海底污染源的扩散分析,取得了较好的效果。     

Spatial patterns of homogeneous pooling groups for flood frequency analysis

Abstract

Several methods for the exploration and modelling of spatial point patterns are introduced to study the spatial patterns of homogeneous pooling groups for flood frequency analysis. The study is based on selected catchments in Great Britain, where a high density of gauging stations has been established. Initial pooling groups are formed using the K-means clustering algorithm with appropriately selected similarity measures. The pooling groups are subsequently revised to improve the homogeneity in the hydrological response. Spatial patterns of the initial and final pooling groups are explored in terms of intensity and dependence of the spatial distribution of the catchments. A test against a spatial point process is used to confirm or reject the initial impression of spatial clustering. Changes in the spatial patterns from the initial to the final pooling groups are examined using two comparison methods. The spatial pattern analysis described above can be used to answer the following questions: whether homogeneous catchments tend to exist in the vicinity of each other; whether the improvement in homogeneity tends to form more clustered pooling groups; and how the spatial patterns observed can be used to direct the selection of pooling variables.     

江淮流域持续性强降水期间西太副高位置变异与非绝热加热的关系

采用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料及全国740站逐日降水资料,讨论了江淮流域持续性强降水期间西太平洋副高位置变动特征及其与非绝热加热的关系.通过个例合成研究发现:副高位置变异与强降水持续期间大气非绝热加热关系密切.强降水持续期间,副高北侧的江淮流域和西侧的孟加拉湾北部地区均存在强烈的视热源和视水汽汇.强降水发生前3 ...     

A Hybrid Collocation Method For Calculating Complete Theoretical Seismograms In Vertically Varying Media

A numerical method is presented for calculating complete theoretical seismograms, under the assumption that the earth models have velocity, density and attenuation profiles which are arbitrary piece-wise continuous functions of depth only. Solutions for the stress-displacement vectors in the medium are expanded in terms of orthogonal cylindrical functions. Our method for solving the resulting two-point boundary value problems differs from that of other investigators in three ways. First, collocation is used in traditionally troublesome situations, e.g. for highly evanescent waves, at turning points, and in regions having large gradient in material properties. Second, in some situations (high frequencies and small gradients) P and S -waves decouple and we use a different solution method for each wave type, instead of trying to force a single method to find all solutions. For example, above the P - and S -waves turning points an approximate fundamental matrix may be used for each wave type. At the P -wave turning point, the fundamental matrix may be used for the S -wave components but collocation is used for the P -wave. Between the P - and S -wave turning points collocation is used for the evanescent P -wave and the fundamental matrix is used for the S -wave. At the S -wave turning point and below, collocation is used for both. Third, the computational algorithm chooses the appropriate solution method and depth domain upon which it is employed based upon a specified error tolerance and the known inaccuracies of the various approximations employed. Once solutions of the boundary value problems are obtained, a Fourier—Bessel transform is then applied to get back into the space-time domain.