"黑色"非晶形三价铁羟基氧化物及其对有害物质的吸附

利用硝酸铁与氨水之间的水解反应,生成了一种新的"黑色"非晶形三价铁羟基氧化物 (FeOOH).该物质在室温下稳定,有较高的硬度,其比表面积约为 300 m2/g,零电荷点 (PZC)在 pH 7～ 8之间.根据 M(o)ssbauer谱的鉴定,它具有四方纤铁矿(β-FeOOH)的结构特征. FeOOH和它与各溶质的表面配合物的 X射线光电光谱结果表明, FeOOH与 Pb、 Zn和GrO(4/2-)之间的反应是物理吸附,而与PO(4/3-)和AsO(4/3-)之间的反应是化学吸附. 3个阴离子及 2个阳离子的吸附等温式结果表明,该三价铁羟基氧化物的吸附能力比常见的铁羟基氧化物强 3倍.磷酸盐与砷酸盐之间的竞争反应结果表明,磷酸盐与 FeOOH的反应比砷酸盐强烈.     

Coastal Pollution Mitigation with Lime and Zero Valent Iron

The Taiwan Strait region has many miles of coastline, and the Taiwan Straits Tunnel (TST) project faces many potential pollution problems as construction proceeds through sensitive areas. Conventional approaches for pollution mitigation require further examination. The recent development of nanoscale particle technology has shown distinct advantages for contaminant attenuation and ground improvement. This paper is focused on trace metals and is part of the overall effort to develop the nanoscale particle technology. Trace metals in ground and surface waters represent a continued threat to human and ecological health. One of the difficulties in removing toxic concentrations of trace metals from solution is the variable oxidation state and amphoteric nature of multiple constituents. In particular, while cationic metals (e.g., Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺) may be rendered less mobile under high pH conditions, anionic metals (e.g., AsO₄ ^3?, CrO₄ ^2?, SeO₄ ^2?)may become more mobile. The objective of this research was to evaluate the sorption of both cationic and anionic trace elements, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se) under batch conditions. Mixtures of a local residual soil were tested alone and in combination with lime and zero valent iron. It was hypothesized that lime would raise the pH and precipitate positively charged metals while zero valent iron would create reducing conditions favorable to the immobilization of negatively charged metals. Results indicate that the use of lime and/or zero valent iron can increase the sorption capacity of soil. Compared to the baseline soil, sorption capacity increased with addition of lime for arsenic and cadmium while it decreased for chromium and selenium. In the case of zero valent iron addition, sorption capacity increased for cadmium, chromium and selenium, while showing no change for arsenic. When both lime and zero valent iron were used, the sorption capacity increased for all metals tested. These results suggest that the combined use of lime and zero valent iron may serve as an alternative treatment technology for removing trace metals from contaminated water systems.     

基于“钻石模型”的我国地理信息产业国际竞争力分析

利用波特"钻石模型"理论,从生产要素、需求条件、结构与竞争、相关支持产业、政府推动和机会等六个方面对我国地理信息产业竞争力进行了分析,找到了我国地理信息产业在国际发展道路上存在的优势和不足,并提出相应对策。     

不同形态洛美沙星在高岭土上的吸附特性

本研究采用批实验方法探究了不同形态洛美沙星(LOM)在高岭土上的吸附特性。LOM吸附动力学结果符合准二级反应动力学方程,吸附等温数据可用Langmuir方程很好地拟合。随着溶液pH值增大,洛美沙星吸附量先增大后减小,且pH值在洛美沙星pKa1与pKa2间吸附量达到最大。不同形态LOM在高岭土上的吸附量排序为LOM^±>LOM^+>LOM^-。溶液离子强度和无机阳离子种类对LOM^+在高岭土上的吸附影响十分微弱,但均明显抑制了LOM^±的吸附,且离子强度越大,抑制作用越明显。不同无机阳离子抑制程度排序为Mg^2+>Ca^2+>K^+>Na^+。LOM^+在高岭土上的吸附机理主要是内层络合和阳离子交换;LOM^±在高岭土上的吸附机理主要是阳离子交换、氢键作用和静电引力作用;LOM^-与高岭土表面存在较大静电斥力,导致吸附量很小,可能是外层表面络合引起少量的吸附。     

Quantitative Gas-in-place Comparison of Original and Bitumen-free Lacustrine Shale

Residual bitumen in organic-rich shale of oil windows exists widely, and its effect on the gas storage capacity of shale could be two-fold. Bitumen could occupy and block the nanopores of shale, thereby reducing the gas storage capacity. On the other hand, gas could be dissolved in bitumen in shale gas reservoirs, leading to enhanced gas storage capacity. To quantify the effect of bitumen on the gas-in-place (GIP) estimation of lacustrine organic-rich shale, the micropore characteristics and methane sorption capacity of original and bitumen-free shale from the Triassic Yangchang Formation of the Ordos Basin, combined with the methane dissolution capacity for the isolated bitumen, were analyzed and compared. GIP for the original and bitumen-free shale in the depth range of 500–2500 m was evaluated. The results show that micropores in the shale samples were mainly related to organic matter. Clay mineral-hosted pores contributed slightly to microporosity. Bitumen significantly reduced the micropore surface area and volume of the original shale, with average percentages of 28.09% and 51.26%, respectively. The methane sorption capacity decreased after bitumen removal. When normalized to the original shale mass, the sum of the methane sorption capacity for bitumen-free shale and the methane dissolution capacity for isolated bitumen was similar to the methane sorption capacity of the original shale, indicating that the lack of methane absorbed on bitumen is the main reason for the decrease in methane sorption capacity after bitumen removal. The contribution of absorbed methane on bitumen to sorbed methane in shale could be higher than 36.23%. Dual effects of bitumen on shale GIP were observed. A high content of bitumen (1.12%) increased the GIP of the shale samples, with an average percentage of 23.5% in the depth range of 500–2500 m, while a low content of bitumen (0.06%) decreased the GIP, with an average percentage of 13.6%.     

“一带一路”主要国家和地区的海洋学研究态势分析

本文使用文献计量学方法对"一带一路"框架中的主要国家和地区在海洋研究方面的论文发表情况进行了综合分析,探讨并分析了"一带一路"国家与地区的科研竞争力,以及我国在海洋研究方面与"一带一路"国家和地区的国际合作情况,为相关研究和决策提供参考依据。     

Freeze-thaw effects on sorption/desorption of dissolved organic carbon in wetland soils

The effects of freeze-thaw cycles on sorption/desorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in two wetland soils and one reclaimed wetland soil were investigated. DOC concentrations added were 0-600 mg/L. Laboratory incubations of sorption/desorption of DOC had been carried out at -15℃ for 10 h, and then at +5℃ for 13 h. Soil samples were refrozen and thawed subsequently for 5 cycles. Initial Mass model was used to describe sorption behavior of DOC. The results indicate that freeze-thaw cycles can significantly increase the sorption capacity of DOC and reduce the desorption capacity of DOC in the three soils. The freeze-thaw effects on desorption of DOC in soils increase with the increasing freeze-thaw cycles. The conversion of natural wetlands to soybean farmland can decrease the sorption capacity and increase the desorption capacity of DOC in soils. Global warming and reclamation may increase DOC release, and subsequently increase the loss of carbon and the emission of greenhouse gas.     

有机氯代烃在壤土中的吸附和解吸特性

选取三氯乙烯(TCE)、顺-1,2-二氯乙烯(cis-1,2-DCE)、1,1,1-三氯乙烷(1,1,1-TCA)、1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCA)4种常见的有机氯代烃,通过批次实验研究其在壤土中的吸附和解吸特性。结果表明:4种有机氯代烃在壤土中的吸附平衡时间约为3 d;在本文研究的整个浓度范围内,4种有机氯代烃的吸附等温线基本呈线性趋势,但更符合Freundlich模型。对于有机氯乙烯而言,TCE在壤土中的吸附特性较为显著,线性分配系数K_d为0.624 L/kg,其次是cis-DCE,K_d为0.238 L/kg;对于有机氯乙烷而言,1,1,1-TCA在壤土中的吸附特性较为显著,K_d为0.520 L/kg,其次是1,2-DCA,K_d为0.353 L/kg。这进一步表明4种有机氯代烃化合物在壤土中的吸附特性与化合物本身的疏水性有关。通过Abdul、Dobbs、Rao和Cong经验公式估算lgK_oc值发现,Abdul估算所得lgK_oc比实测值偏小,Cong估算lgK_oc比实测值偏大,Dobbs和Rao与实测值更为接近;说明 Dobbs和Rao经验公式更适用于预测有机氯代烃化合物在壤土的吸附特性。另外,研究发现有机氯代烃的解吸过程具有明显的滞后性,吸附特性较强的物质,其解吸较为缓慢。     

基于旅游市场竞争态及其转移模型的入境旅游市场研究——以广西为例

以广西入境旅游市场为对象,引用旅游市场竞争态模型,采用定性定量相结合的方法,分析广西入境旅游主要客源市场与区内各城市目的地市场的竞争态。结果表明,港澳台、马来西亚、越南、日本占据着广西入境旅游客源市场的主导地位,市场发展水平不平衡;区内各城市目的地市场发展水平不合理,瘦狗市场与幼童市场数量众多,市场仍然处于开发潜力阶段;广西入境旅游市场基本上遵循了市场竞争态转移的规律和方向,但脆弱性依然明显,必须从根本上推动旅游业改革,实现旅游业的可持续发展。     

煤中干酪根的成熟度与菲的吸附行为间的关系

将云南先锋褐煤采用热模拟的实验方法制得一组成熟度不同的煤,并将煤中的干酪根用于对菲的吸附研究.结果表明:随着干酪根成熟度的增加,有机质结构变得紧密、刚硬,还原性和芳香性增强.不同成熟度干酪根的内部结构和性质与菲的吸附行为间存在一定的关系.随着干酪根内部结构的刚性和芳香性的增强,吸附等温线的非线性逐渐增强.对于成熟度相对较低的干酪根,随着成熟度的增加,吸附容量逐渐增大,而对于成熟度相对较高的干酪根,随着成熟度的增加,吸附容量却减小.