反应HO2+O→OH+O2对OH夜气辉辐射的贡献

本文探讨了OH Meinel夜气辉辐射的光化学模式,给出OH(ν≤9)分子数密度分布的计算通式,重点研究了化学反应HO2 O→OH(ν≤6) O2对ν≤6各振动能级上OH分子数密度分布以及(ν′—ν″)(ν′≤6)振动带气辉辐射的影响.结果表明,该反应对数密度的贡献随振动能级的减小而增大,对(ν′—ν″)振动带辐射的贡献随着较高振动能级ν′的减小而增大,以春分时为例,它可使第1振动能级上的OH分子最大数密度和(1—0)带的最大辐射率增加约33%,第6振动能级上的最大数密度和(6—ν″)带的最大辐射率增加约7%,(1—0)带的辐射强度增加约30%,(6—ν″)带的强度增加约11%.该反应使各振动能级上分子数密度的高度分布剖面以及各振动带体辐射率的高度分布剖面变宽,最大数密度、最大发射率所处的高度下降1km左右.此外,该反应的影响程度随着原子氧密度的降低而增大,随着温度的升高而增大,并且在夏至时最大,在冬至时最小.     

再论纬向正常密度假说与内波假说的比较

本文对“纬向正常密度假说”和“内波假说”再次进行了讨论,进一步比较了二者的联系和区别.根据岩石圈板块概念和地幔对流假说的基本观点、以及“纬向正常密度假说”和“板块运动重力机制”的基本观点,提出了“软流圈板块”概念.     

东北典型丘陵漫岗区沟谷侵蚀动态及空间分析

以黑龙江省克山县为例,分析1954年和2000年侵蚀沟密度变化,探讨研究区土壤侵蚀的时空动态变化,并以侵蚀沟密度变化值为依据进行不同分区侵蚀因素的耦合分析。结果表明:过去46年间,克山县东南部侵蚀沟密度趋于减少,西北部侵蚀沟密度增大。1954～2000年侵蚀沟密度变化值在侵蚀减弱区与高程和坡度呈负相关,在侵蚀增强区呈正相关。随着坡长增加,侵蚀沟密度变化量呈增加趋势。侵蚀沟变化与坡长相关性最大,R²达0.9743,其次为高程,R²为0.6893,与坡度的相关性最小,R²为0.3437。结果表明,高程和坡度不是东北丘陵漫岗地区土壤流失的主要影响因子,坡长是该区侵蚀的一个重要影响因子。土地利用结构变化与土壤侵蚀强度变化密切相关,耕地面积大幅度增加与草地面积明显减少加速侵蚀沟发育。     

岩浆密度及其重要意义

本文通过计算不同构造环境的原生玄武岩岩浆密度,首次提出了两种原生玄武岩浆密度类型:岛弧玄武岩浆(AB)密度类型(Ⅰ);WB MORB岩浆密度类型(Ⅱ)。指出Ⅰ型岩浆密度受控于岩浆起源的fO2和fH2O条件;Ⅱ型岩浆密度则与岩浆起源压力有关。原生岩浆密度可作为判定岩浆产出的地球动力学背景的重要标志之一。考察岩浆密度与压力的关系,指出原生玄武岩浆密度在一定程度上控制了岩浆房的发育部位(深度),制约了岩浆结晶的温压条件,并对岩浆侵位与喷发产生重要影响。在岛弧地区,岩浆密度与地壳厚度变化严格地控制着岛弧岩石系列(Tb-CA-Sh)的时空演变,决定了岩浆的演化途径和结晶条件。利用岩浆密度资料,反演并建立了义敦岛弧区的地壳双层结构模式。     

河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度对潜流驻留时间的复合效应

潜流驻留时间是反映潜流交换、溶质迁移转化、生物组成、生态过程的重要特征变量。应用双循环可控式河岸带模型，以NaCl为示踪剂，深入研究了河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度对潜流驻留时间的复合效应；应用量纲分析和主成分分析法，探析了潜流驻留时间的关键影响因子及其作用程度和敏感性。结果表明：①河岸带植被密度对潜流驻留时间具有促进作用，但存在一定的阈值。②潜流驻留时间分布与河岸蜿蜒形态呈类镜像效应；潜流驻留时间在河岸带蜿蜒波不同位置差异明显，迎水面平均驻留时间约为背水面的1/2。③河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度是影响潜流驻留时间的关键因子，总作用程度达91.07%。潜流驻留时间对蜿蜒性最敏感，对植被密度敏感性较弱，对复合因子的敏感性介于两者之间；迎水面内组合因子对潜流驻留时间具有共同促进效应，背水面内组合因子对潜流驻留时间具有抑制和促进双重效应。     

Estimating the crush zone size under a cutting tool in coal

Summary As part of an effort to understand the mechanics of fine fragment formation in coal, which is important in studies of respirable dust due to mining, fracture toughness measurements and the strain energy density (SED) theory were applied to calculate the crush zone size under a cutting tool in coal. This zone is the major source of fine fragments in the 1 to 10 µm size range. The model used in these calculations is a boundary element program containing a failure criterion based on the SED theory. The boundary element program calculates linear elastic stresses at numerous points in the coal material ahead of a cutting bit. These stresses are then input to a subroutine called critical flaw length and orientation (CFLO) which uses the SED theory to determine the CFLO for a small crack at the boundary element stress computation point. The extent of crushing is based on earlier postulates about the role of inherent flaws in a fragmentation process. To form 1 to 10 µm fragments requires firstly a local stress strong enough to activate flaws with a characteristic length less than 1 to 10 µm and secondly, a flaw density sufficient to provide an average spacing between flaws also on the order of 1 to 10 µm. The locus of active 10 µm flaws represents the maximum possible extent of fine fragmentation in the 10 µm or less size range assuming that a sufficient inherent flaw density exists. The approach offers a first order approximation to the extent of crushing under a tool tip. The size and shape of the crush zone volume is affected by the attack angle and geometry of the tool.     

The Fourier Integral Method: An efficient spectral method for simulation of random fields

The Fourier Integral Method (FIM) of spectral simulation, adapted to generate realizations of a random function in one, two, or three dimensions, is shown to be an efficient technique of non-conditional geostatistical simulation. The main contribution is the use of the fast Fourier transform for both numerical calculus of the density spectral function and as generator of random finite multidimensional sequences with imposed covariance. Results obtained with the FIM are compared with those obtained by other classic methods: Shinozuka and Jan Method in 1D and Turning Bands Method in 2D and 3D, the points for and against different methodologies are discussed. Moreover, with the FIM the simulation of nested structures, one of which can be a nugget effect and the simulation of both zonal and geometric anisotropy is straightforward. All steps taken to implement the FIM methodology are discussed.     

中国水质站网规划中几个问题的探讨

在完成中国水质站网规划工作的基础上,对下列问题作了进一步探讨:(1)水质站网规划单元的划分;(2)聚类分析在水质站网规划中的应用;(3)站网密度与人口和经济发展的关系;(4)中国水质站网的分区特征。