高精度磁测反演技术在沙丘地区找矿中的应用

在地表覆盖严重的地区开展地质工作,勘探方法的选择非常重要,高精度磁法是寻找磁性矿物的首选物探方法,目前在祁漫塔格地区的地质找矿工作中起到了非常重要的作用。那陵郭勒河西地区分布有大面积砂梁,高数米至十余米。依钻孔数据,厚度为160～314m,所有形迹都被沙漠覆盖,地面磁异常宽缓不明显。由于缺乏本区地质资料,这给磁测资料的解释带来困难,使得不能给验证钻孔准确定位,这时异常解释手段的选择显得非常重要。通过实例说明综合采用磁法地-井资料的精细反演技术,在沙漠覆盖区实现找矿重大突破。     

我国热带亚热带部分地区花岗岩和片麻岩中黑云母风化研究

综合应用Ｘ射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜及偏光显微镜等技术手段研究了我国热带、亚热带部分地区花岗岩和片麻岩中黑云母的风化现象。结果表明，化学风化产物主要有黑云母／蛭石不规则间层矿物、水黑云母、蛭石、０．７ｎｍ埃洛石及铁的氢氧化物（氧化物）等。影响黑云母风化及次生产物形成的主要因素包括黑云母的晶体结构和化学成分、气候、风化壳母岩的矿物成分等。     

中国东北地区的构造格局与演化:从500Ma到180Ma

中国东北变质基底为由含矽线石榴片麻岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、石墨大理岩和各种长英质片麻岩组成的孔兹岩系。采自额尔古纳、兴安、佳木斯和兴凯地块的矽线石榴片麻岩样品的锆石U-Pb测年均指示高级变质发生在500Ma左右。来自松辽地块古生代沉积物碎屑锆石的证据也表明约500Ma构造岩浆事件的存在。跨越整个中国东北不同地块的泛非期高级变质岩形成了超过1 300km北西向展布的晚泛非期"中国东北孔兹岩带",以顺时针p/T轨迹的孔兹岩带与同期岩浆杂岩共同构成了一巨型的约500Ma前后的造山带,笔者这里命名为"中国东北早古生代造山带"。这证明了中国东北各地块在500Ma之前已经拼合,并与西伯利亚克拉通具有构造亲缘性,曾是晚泛非期(500 Ma)西伯利亚南缘Sayang-Baikal造山带的组成部分。450Ma之后,已经拼合的中国东北地块群从西伯利亚裂解,向南朝现今的中国东北漂移;230Ma前后,东北地块群沿索伦—西拉沐伦—长春缝合带与华北板块碰撞;210～180 Ma,由于太平洋板块的俯冲导致佳木斯地块与西部松辽地块最终拼贴,沿佳木斯—兴凯地块西缘和南缘形成一弧形高压带(包括佳木斯—兴凯地块西缘黑龙江蓝片岩带和佳木斯—兴凯地块南缘长春—延吉带),这里简称"吉林—黑龙江高压变质带",之后东北地区进入了环太平洋构造域演化阶段并持续至今。     

复合加筋排水褥垫加固路基有限元计算

复合加筋排水褥垫是针对沿海缺砂地区开发的,具有水平排水与加筋作用的一项新型专利技术,可取代软基加固中的排水砂垫层。采用二维平面应变Biot固结有限元模型对复合加筋排水褥垫软土路堤进行了数值模拟,结果表明复合加筋排水褥垫可以满足水平排水要求,另外与传统的水平排水砂垫层相比,该技术可降低地基附加正应力和超孔隙水压力,有效抑制路基侧向变形的发展,减小路基沉降与不均匀沉降,提高路基稳定性,加筋效果显著。     

土质边坡非饱和渗流场与应力场耦合数值分析

阐述了坡面径流-非饱和渗流分析与应力场耦合分析的重要意义和作用;介绍了在非饱和渗流分析中具有重要作用的土-水特征曲线,包括考虑固结压力条件下的土-水特征曲线,并介绍了部分试验成果以及坡面径流-非饱和渗流耦合分析的计算方法;提出坡面径流-非饱和渗流分析与应力场的耦合计算方法,并编制相应的有限元程序;通过算例对比了耦合与非耦合情况下应力场、渗流场的差异,说明耦合分析更符合实际,且所提出的方法是切实可行的。     

多裂纹扩展的扩展有限元法分析

建立了求解多裂纹扩展的扩展有限元法。引入裂纹交叉汇合加强函数以分析多裂纹交叉汇合过程;在裂纹附近区域使用广义形函数,并引入线增函数消除混合单元,可有效地提高裂纹附近的精度;用砂浆法（线段-线段接触法）结合增广型Lagrange乘子法处理裂纹段的接触条件,可以精确地模拟裂纹面约束,并方便地求解控制方程。算例分析了两方面内容：（1）计算交叉裂纹体的应力强度因子,结果表明提出的方法精度高;（2）模拟多裂纹扩展及交叉汇合过程,模拟的裂纹扩展路径与试验结果吻合得较好,表明了方法的可靠性。     

大岗山水电站坝肩边坡开挖支护有限元模拟

大岗山水电站坝肩边坡地质条件复杂,断层、岩脉、卸荷裂隙密集带、深部卸荷带及节理裂隙发育。为对该边坡在开挖支护过程中的应力、变形情况进行分析,采用弹黏塑性有限元软件EVP3D,利用弹塑性有限元法进行边坡稳定性的三维有限元计算,揭示边坡可能的失稳部位,对初拟的施工程序的合理性进行评价,并对边坡的支护方案提出建议。     

The Influence of Chlorine on the Determination of Combined Water: An Investigation of a Correction Procedure

Differential thermal analysis, pH determination and ion chromatography were used to investigate the interference of chlorine in the determination of combined water (H₂O⁺) by the Penfield tube gravimetric method. The magnitude of the chlorine interference was quantified and a correction method was proposed to obtain accurate results for H₂O⁺. The method was applied to the determination of H₂O⁺ in deep sea sediments containing chlorine and certified reference materials of oceanic polymetallic nodules.     

Transient bifurcation condition of partially saturated porous media at finite strain

Bifurcation of unsaturated soils into a localized shear band is a ubiquitous failure mode of partially saturated soils. The density and degree of saturation have major impacts on the inception of localized deformations in unsaturated soils. Unsaturated fluid flow may dramatically change the density and degree of fluid saturation of unsaturated soils. Therefore, the unsaturated fluid flow is a potential trigger for shear banding in such materials. In this paper, we derive a simplified bifurcation condition of localized deformation in unsaturated soils under the local transient condition at finite strain. This transient bifurcation condition is implemented into a nonlinear finite element code to study the inception of localized deformation in unsaturated soil specimens. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the impact of soil fabrics of density, a ‘bonding’ variable, and intrinsic permeability on the inception of localized failures via the transient bifurcation criterion. Mesh sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate the viscosity effect of unsaturated fluid flow on the localized deformation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the transient bifurcation condition can detect the localized deformation triggered by the internal unsaturated fluid flow process in unsaturated soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling of Ocean Shallow Convection under Fast Ice in the Arctic

Ocean convection in the Antarctic has been studied many times and has been revealed to be responsible for ice-cover reduction. In the Arctic, proof of that phenomenon has not been documented. It is believed that this phenomenon happens on a smaller scale in the Arctic when local circulation of deep warmer water melts and slows ice production. An example of this is the North Water (NOW) polynya in northern Baffin Bay. A polynya is an area of open water in an otherwise ice-covered area. As ice forms under the fast ice near the boundary of the polynya, ocean salts (brine) are ejected from the newly formed ice. This water, which has an increased concentration of salt, sinks and is replaced by warmer water from below, and this slows ice formation. In our study a coupled one-dimensional thermodynamic snow–fast ice model incorporating ocean heat flux input via a shallow convection model was used. Ice thickness was calculated using a thermodynamic model that included a current-induced entrainment model and a convection model to account for brine rejection during ice growth. Atmospheric observations from Grise Fiord and Thule and ocean profiles around the NOW polynya near these sites were used as input to the model. This purely thermodynamic study enables us to obtain ice thickness values that can be compared with qualitative observations. This modelling study compares two sites related to the NOW polynya. The results indicate that the shallow convection model simulates the reduction of fast ice near Thule but not near Grise Fiord.