Nonrenewable resources in economic, social, and environmental sustainability

This paper reviews the linkages among energy and mineral resources and economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Nonrenewable resources are shown to be integral components of sustainability, regardless of which paradigmatic definition of the concept is invoked. Potential measures of the degree to which nonrenewable resources contribute to or detract from sustainability are presented. We conclude that a set of such measures should be incorporated in the comprehensive framework of sustainability currently being developed by the Federal government. National scale indicators could be presented within the structure of the seven criteria from the Santiago Declaration, whereas a life cycle or materials flow approach could be used when sustainability of specific resources is at issue.     

三维结线动力无穷元及其特性研究

研究了文献[2]提出的结线动力无穷元的特性及其参数确定。由于这种单元将衰减函数定义在无穷向结线上,从而不仅可同时考虑多种波动形式,而且对于不同介质,不必通过改变节点坐标分布的形式实现介质间的过渡,而直接以结线上参数的改变来实现,因而可以更好地模拟无穷波动场,使用起来更方便．更容易推广。     

Interaction among fractures and stress field computation of fracture systems

ＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｍｏｎｇｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｓＺｈｉ－ＬｉＺＨＡＮＧ（张之立）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢ...     

有限m重非齐次马氏链随机变换的一个强极限定理

将赌博系统的随机变换概念推广到有限优重非齐次马氏链情形,采用鞅方法研究了有限m重非齐次马氏链函数的强极限定理,作为推论得到有限m重非齐次马氏链随机变换的若干强极限定理。     

A new algorithm for distance cartogram construction

A distance cartogram is a diagram that visualizes the proximity indices between points in a network, such as time–distances between cities. The Euclidean distances between the points on the distance cartogram represent the given proximity indices. This is a useful visualization tool for the level of service of transport, e.g. difference in the level of service between regions or points in a network and its improvement in the course of time. The two previously proposed methods—multidimensional scaling (MDS) and network time–space mapping—have certain advantages and disadvantages. However, we observe that these methods are essentially the same, and the merits of both these methods can be combined to formulate a generalized solution. In this study, we first formulate the time–space mapping problem, which includes the key features of both of the above stated methods, and propose a generalized solution. We then apply this solution to the time–distances of Japan's railway networks to confirm its applicability.     

龙门山南段邛西断层转折褶皱磁组构及其有限应变

龙门山南段位于四川盆地以西,其新生代构造变形特征对于认识青藏高原东缘的变形机制具有一定的指示意义。磁组构是一种灵敏的应变指示计,在变形微弱的沉积岩地区尤为适用。在龙门山南段邛西断层转折褶皱不同构造部位选取48个采样点开展磁组构研究,分析断层转折褶皱的有限应变特征及区域构造变形机制。实验结果表明,邛西地区上白垩统中主要载磁矿物为高矫顽力的赤铁矿,背斜整体应变较弱,且存在3种类型的磁组构,以沉积磁组构和初始变形磁组构为主,铅笔状磁组构少见,主要存在于靠近褶皱中段的前翼部位,说明断层转折褶皱前翼较后翼和核部应变强,且中段地层应变较其他部位更为强烈。此外,各采样点磁线理的优势方位为近南北向（N10°E）,表明邛西断层转折褶皱的形成与龙门山南段晚新生代近东西向的地壳水平缩短有关,暗示龙门山南段的最大主压应力方向在晚新生代存在转变的可能。