高龙鸡公岩金矿床成因新认识及找矿意义

广西高龙鸡公岩金矿床是广西地矿局在"八五"期间勘查并开发的第一个中型微细粒型金矿.矿体产于中三叠统百逢组地层第三段(T2b3)硅化砂泥岩中,直接受二叠系碳酸盐隆起边缘古侵蚀间沉积断面控制,应属于层控微细粒型金矿床.     

中国雄黄雌黄矿床成因类型及找矿方向

文章阐述了中国雄黄雌黄矿床的矿床分布、矿床类型、控矿因素、矿赋岩石及成矿物质来源,划分了5个成矿带,提出按成矿带寻找不同类型雄黄雌黄矿床的见解.     

浅成热液金矿研究综述

厘定了浅成热液金矿的概念，阐述了其成矿地球动力学环境，矿床本质特征及矿床的分类，指出了浅成熟液金矿研究中存问题及今后的研究取向。     

Microstructural evidence of low‐strain,time‐transgressive subglacial deformation

Microstructural analyses were used to investigate the formation of a macroscale‐massive till at Knud Strand in Denmark. More than 100 thin sections were examined and microstructures mapped and counted for quantitative comparison and interpretation. Microstructures indicative of both brittle (grain lineations, edge‐to‐edge crushed grains) and ductile (turbate structures) deformation are evenly distributed in vertical profiles through the till, suggesting that strain contributed to its formation. Discrete shears (grain lineations and plasmic fabric) probably accommodated most deformation, whereas rotational deformation was less prominent. The microshear geometry fits the predicted Coulomb–Mohr failure criterion, indicating that till behaves as a plastic material. Strain estimate of ca. 10¹ from micromorphological proxies is two–three orders of magnitude lower than expected if the till was subjected to pervasive deformation. A hybrid of lodgement and time‐transgressive deformation is envisaged as the till‐forming processes. Our data suggest that even abundant evidence of microscale deformation at continuing high levels of strain may only record the latest process of deposition and deformation and therefore not fully reflect the complexity of till genesis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stable Isotopes and Halogen Geochemistry of the Huayuan Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn Ore District, South China: Implications for the Salt Source of Ore-forming Fluids

The Huayuan Pb-Zn ore district in China, located in western Hunan Province, is a giant carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn ore district. The source of ore-forming brines in this ore district remains poorly constrained. Whether the highly saline brines are derived from evaporated seawater or dissolved evaporates continues to be intensely debated. Carbonate minerals associated with Pb-Zn mineralization have δ13CV-PDB and δ18OV-SMOW values ranging from ?5.55‰ to +1.35‰ (mean value of ?0.69‰; n = 14) and +16.28‰ to +25.05‰ (mean value of +20.22‰; n = 14), respectively. This indicates that carbonate minerals are dominantly formed from dissolved ore-hosted carbonate rocks. The δ34S values of sulfides range from +20.2‰ to +36.8‰, with an average value of +30.0‰ (n = 27). These results suggest that sulfur is predominantly derived from the thermochemical sulfate reduction of marine sulfate. The crush-leach analyzed solute data of fluid inclusions in sphalerite show the ore-forming fluids have Cl/Br molar ratios range from 118 to 384, and Na/Br molar ratios from 39 to 160 (n = 8). These Cl/Br ratios of hydrothermal fluid are much lower than those of seawater (657 to 564), but are consistent with bittern brines through early halite precipitation. We propose that ore-forming fluids are mainly derived from evaporitic basin brines, which leached base metals from the basement and/or country rocks. The brine then migrated to the basin margins through clastic rocks of basement and then precipitated sul?des by thermochemical sulfate reduction.     

美国福特—诺克斯金矿床产出环境、地质特征和形成作用

美国阿拉斯加州中东部福特—诺克斯（Fort Knox)金矿床是北极圈周缘规模最大的超大型金矿床之一。对该矿床的形成背景、矿体特征、形成模式的研究表明,该矿床主要产于前寒武纪—早古生代绿片岩与白垩纪—古近纪花岗质侵入岩接触带上,受构造-岩浆活动控制明显,地表出露面积为1100×600m2,并向深部逐渐变小。与其他与侵入岩有关的金矿床不同的是,该矿床热液蚀变作用强烈,与金矿化具密切空间分布关系的热液蚀变主要为钾长石化、钠长石化、绢云母化和青磐岩化。同位素年代学证据表明,其成矿时代为晚白垩世—古近纪(92.5±0.2Ma),是多期次岩浆作用的产物。依据同位素特征、成矿流体、围岩蚀变等特征可以判定,成矿物质主要来源于花岗质熔浆,成矿作用与氧化型中酸性侵入体侵入作用及其相关流体活动有关,属于典型的与侵入岩有关的金矿床。     

复杂地形下北京一次局地雷暴新生和增强机制初探

利用变分多普勒雷达分析系统, 结合多普勒雷达观测、 地面自动站、 风廓线仪、 加密探空等非常规观测资料, 对北京地区2011年8月9日局地雷暴的新生和增强机制进行了较精细的分析。结果表明: 该过程是一次发生在弱垂直风切变环境下的局地强对流雷暴大风过程, 环境场有较强的不稳定能量(CAPE达2 798 J·㎏^-1), 地面高比湿带(＞20 g·kg^-1)在山前聚集, 城区西部山前存在一较强γ中尺度热辐合中心, 前期大气环境条件十分有利于对流发生发展; 上游移进北京的强雷暴受地形强迫作用影响, 其产生的冷池出流被抬高, 冷空气叠加在地面γ中尺度热辐合中心之上, 使山前局地大气层结更不稳定, 另一方面, 强冷池出流产生的边界层高层偏北风与近地面弱的偏南风构成有利于对流新生的垂直风切变, 地面热辐合中心、 边界层热力和动力不稳定的增强共同作用是局地雷暴新生的主要机制; 上游冷池出流边界(阵风锋)伴有的强温度梯度和边界层辐合上升运动是原有局地新生雷暴显著增强的主要原因; 多单体雷暴相互碰撞合并产生的辐合上升运动是局地雷暴得以持续的关键因素。     

云南金沙厂铅锌矿床地球化学特征及其指示意义

位于扬子地块西南缘的“川滇黔铅锌矿集区”是我国西南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分, 金沙厂铅锌矿床是其中典型矿床之一, 前人针对金沙厂矿床的成矿物质来源和成矿流体特征开展了大量研究, 但围岩对成矿的贡献和矿床成因仍不明确。针对这一问题, 本文系统分析了金沙厂闪锌矿及围岩的微量元素组成, 结合围岩和萤石的稀土元素特征, 探讨了围岩对成矿的贡献, 厘定了矿床成因。研究表明, 闪锌矿以富集Cd、Ge、Cu、Ga, 贫Fe、Mn、In、Co、Ni为特征, 这些元素多以类质同象的形式赋存在闪锌矿中, 个别元素如Cu、Ge等含量变化范围较大, 可能与低温流体有关。矿床中闪锌矿存在多种颜色的原因可能是Cu、Ge等多种元素共同作用的结果。近矿端的围岩明显富集Zn、Pb、As、Cd等元素, 而闪锌矿中同样富集这些元素, 说明围岩为成矿提供了部分金属元素。萤石继承了围岩的Eu、Ce负异常, 并受到了具有较高Ce负异常的成矿流体影响。萤石较围岩具有较高的Y/Ho比值, 说明萤石中的部分Y来源于围岩, 从而导致萤石具有较高的Y/Ho值。总体上, 该矿床中闪锌矿微量元素组成与MVT矿床基本一致, 明显有别于喷流沉积型、岩浆热液型和远端夕卡岩型矿床, 其成矿温度属于低温范围, 结合其矿床地质地球化学特征, 本文认为金沙厂铅锌矿床属于MVT铅锌矿床。     

基于水化学同位素技术的地热储层成因模式对比分析——以鲁西北埕宁隆起区为例

埕宁隆起区是我国重要的地热资源富集地区之一,了解地热田的成因模式对于地热资源的可持续开发利用具有重要意义。采用水化学同位素手段,对埕宁隆起区馆陶组砂岩热储和寒武−奥陶系岩溶热储成因进行对比分析,结果表明：砂岩热储地热水是地质历史时期的大气降水入渗补给的产物,为侧向径流补给水,而岩溶热储地热水不是直接来源于大气降水的就近入渗补给,而是经过较长距离的径流过程,具有明显的氢氧漂移现象。两套热储地热水补给高程、热储温度及热水循环深度分别为459 m和557 m、66 ℃和72 ℃、1 420 m和1 795 m。此外,研究成果还揭示埕宁隆起区地热水补给区位于泰山地区,其地热系统热源为地壳深部及少部分上地幔传导热流。     

Anatomically preserved plants in siderite concretions in the shale split of the Foord Seam: mineralogy, geochemistry, genesis (Upper Carboniferous, Canada)

A shale split in the well-studied Foord Seam (Upper Carboniferous), Stellarton Basin, Nova Scotia, provides a rare opportunity to study little known siderite concretions with anatomically preserved plants from a limnic basin. Siderite concretions occur throughout the split, commonly as sheet-like, inter-connected lepidodendrid logs, or less frequently as spherical masses; they are typically vuggy. A sample of 14 stratigraphically oriented concretions in the split shows that primary siderite varies from 45% to 80% (wt.%) due to selective replacement by 5% to 40% ferroan dolomite or ankerite in plant tissues. These two minerals show large Mg/Fe and Mg/Ca variability and are Fezoned. Clay content ranges from trace to 20%, and quartz from 5% to 10%. Partial cell-wall destruction by erosion and changeable oxic/anoxic conditions, prior to siderite permineralization, resulted in preservation mainly of the more resistant plant tissues. On average, carbon from siderite is isotopically heavier (+4.8±1.9 0/00) than that from ‘dolomite' (−7.2±1.1 0/00). The distribution of and the positive correlation between δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O probably reflects the two fractionation processes associated with methanogenesis and ‘dolomitization', respectively, in the genetic history of the siderite concretions in the split. Siderite concretions formed diagenetically early from bicarbonate under reducing conditions in a slightly alkaline freshwater environment that precluded calcite deposition.